Intestinal parameters of oxidative imbalance in celiac adults with extraintestinal manifestations

Figure 1 The spectrum of small intestinal damage in the study groups. Hematoxylin and eosin stained biopsy specimens obtained by gastroscopy. A: Normal duodenal mucosa: normal villus-to-crypt ratio; intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) within the normal range; B: Marsh 1: lymphocytic enteritis (an increase in IEL count); C: Marsh 3a: partial villous atrophy with hypertrophic crypts and an increase in IEL count; D: Marsh 3b: subtotal villous atrophy with hypertrophic crypts and an increase in IEL count; E: Marsh 3c: total villous atrophy with hypertrophic crypts and an increase in IEL count.

Figure 2 The RT-PCR expression of mRNA for β-actin (A), interleukin 1β (B), tumor necrosis factor α (C), and interleukin 10 (D) in duodenal tissue of celiac patients and controls. The bands densities [as a ratio of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-10 to the β-actin levels, respectively] are expressed as the mean ± SE of 4 determinations in selected patients. TCD: Treated celiac group; NTCD: Nontreated celiac group; NDCD: Newly diagnosed celiac group. ^aP < 0.05 vs control group; ^cP < 0.05 vs control and treated CD groups.

Figure 3 The RT-PCR expression of mRNA for β-actin (A), heat-shock protein 70 (B) and superoxide dismutase (C) in duodenal tissue of celiac patients and controls. The band densities [as a ratio of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP-70) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to the β-actin levels, respectively] are expressed as the mean ± SE of 4 determinations in selected patients. TCD: Treated celiac group; NTCD: Nontreated celiac group; NDCD: Newly diagnosed celiac group. ^aP < 0.05 vs control group; ^cP < 0.05 vs control and treated CD groups.

Figure 4 The RT-PCR expression of mRNA for β-actin (A), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (B) and BAX (C) in duodenal tissue of celiac patients and controls. The band densities [as a ratio of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and BAX to the β-actin levels, respectively] are expressed as the mean ± SE of 4 determinations in selected patients. TCD: Treated celiac group; NTCD: Nontreated celiac group; NDCD: Newly diagnosed celiac group. ^aP < 0.05 vs control and treated CD groups.