Proton pump inhibitors in prevention of low-dose aspirin-associated upper gastrointestinal injuries

Figure 1 Flow chart of the meta-analysis, summarizing retrieved, included and excluded studies. LDA: Low-dose aspirin; NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; RCT: Randomized controlled trials; GI: Gastrointestinal.

Figure 2 Risks of bias graph.

Figure 3 Risks of bias summary.

Figure 4 Comparison of the effects of proton pump inhibitors and control drugs in prevention of low-dose aspirin-associated upper gastrointestinal ulcer. LDA: Low-dose aspirin; PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors.

Figure 5 Comparison of the effects of proton pump inhibitors and 3 different control drugs in prevention of low-dose aspirin-associated upper gastrointestinal ulcer. LDA: Low-dose aspirin; PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors.

Figure 6 Comparison of the effects of proton pump inhibitors and control drugs in prevention of low-dose aspirin-associated upper gastrointestinal bleeding. LDA: Low-dose aspirin; PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors.

Figure 7 Comparison of the effects of proton pump inhibitors and control drugs in prevention of low-dose aspirin-associated upper gastrointestinal bleeding. LDA: Low-dose aspirin; PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors.

Figure 8 Comparison of the preventive effects of proton pump inhibitors and control drugs in the dual anti-platelet medication-associated upper gastrointestinal ulcer. PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors.

Figure 9 Comparison of proton pump inhibitors and control drugs on major adverse cardiovascular events of dual anti-platelet medication. PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors; MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events.

Figure 10 Funnel plot analysis of proton pump inhibitors and control drugs in prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.