Colonic polyps: Is it useful to characterize them with advanced endoscopy?

Figure 1 Indigo carmine staining for chromoendoscopy. A: Colorectal mucosa after cleansing with mucolytic and de-foaming agents; B: Instillation of dye using a spray catheter; C: Indigo carmine staining result.

Figure 2 Local application of chromoendoscopy with a single-use syringe through the endoscope channel.

Figure 3 High-resolution endoscopic images of indigo carmine staining for Kudo’s pit pattern classification. A: Type II diminutive rectal hyperplastic polyp; B: Type IIIL tubular adenoma with low-grade dysplasia.

Figure 4 Sessile serrated adenoma type II-O.

Figure 5 High-resolution endoscopic image of narrow band imaging. A: Hyperplastic polyp with weak vascular pattern intensity and type II Kudo’s pit pattern classification; B: Tubular adenoma with foci of high grade dysplasia exhibiting strong vascular pattern intensity and type IIIL Kudo’s pit pattern classification.

Figure 6 Sano’s capillary vessel classification. Adapted from Uraoka et al[29].

Figure 7 Narrow band imaging-international colorectal endoscopic classification. A: Hyperplastic polyp, narrow band imaging-international colorectal endoscopic (NICE) Type 1; B: Tubular adenoma with low-grade dysplasia, NICE Type 2; C: Deep invasive cancer, NICE Type 3.