Endoscopic submucosal dissection for foregut neuroendocrine tumors: An initial study

Figure 1 Macroscopic appearance of foregut neuroendocrine tumors in representative cases. A: An esophageal neuroendocrine tumor (NET; case no. 16); B: A type I gastric NET (case no. 14); C: A type III gastric NET (case no. 17); D: A duodenal NET (case no. 11).

Figure 2 Endoscopic submucosal dissection of a type III gastric neuroendocrine tumor in a 71 year-old man (case no. 3). A: A submucosal tumor with a central depression of the gastric body; B: Endoscopic ultrasonography shows a mass invading the submucosa (maximum diameter, 18 mm); C-G: Processes of endoscopic submucosal dissection with the use of a soft transparent hood; H: Completely resected specimen; I: Microscopic examination of the completely resected specimen reveals a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) within the submucosa of the stomach (hematoxylin-eosin staining, × 40); J: The lesion was NET-G1 on the basis of proliferative activity (Ki-67 index < 2%, × 100); K: The basal margin was free of tumor invasion (hematoxylin-eosin staining, × 40); L: Endoscopic findings of scar 12 mo after endoscopic submucosal dissection.