Diallyl sulfide protects against N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced liver tumorigenesis: Role of aldose reductase

Figure 1 Non-enzymatic liver functions in rats treated with NDEA in absence or presence of DAS (mean ± SE) differed significantly compared to the control and NDEA-treated group (^aP = 0. 045, ^bP = 0.042, respectively).

Figure 2 Enzymatic liver functions in rats treated with NDEA in absence or presence of DAS (mean ± SE) differed significantly compared to the control and NDEA-treated group (^aP = 0. 048, ^bP = 0.044, respectively).

Figure 3 Changes in cytochrome oxidase and GST activities in rats treated with NDEA in absence or presence of DAS (mean ± SE) differed significantly compared to the control and NDEA-treated group values (^aP = 0. 043, ^bP = 0.045, respectively).

Figure 4 Changes in AR in rats treated with NDEA in absence or presence of DAS (mean ± SE) differed significantly compared to the control and NDEA-treated group values (^aP = 0. 045, ^bP = 0.046, respectively).

Figure 5 Liver sections of the different groups. A: Liver tissue of the normal group (control) showed hepatic lobule having normal architecture; B: Liver tissue of the NDEA-treated rats showed nuclear pleomorphism; some cells exhibited multiple nucleoli (encircled), pyknotic cells (short arrows), intranuclear vacuoles (arrow), some showed cytoplasmic vacuoles (V) and cellular infiltration (Inf); C: Other sections showed massive areas of vacuolated hepatocytes (encircled); cellular infiltration (arrow) and some cells possessed pyknotic nuclei; D: Other slides showed vacuolated cytoplasm, hyperchromatic nuclei, pyknotic nuclei and numerous Kupffer cells; E: Other section showed hyperchromatic malignant nuclei (H); F: Liver tissue of the DAS-treated rats showed some degenerative changes, vacuolated cytoplasm (V), few pyknotic nuclei (arrows) and dilated sinusoids (D); G: Other slides showed more or less normal hepatic lobular architecture.