Three-dimensional surface model analysis in the gastrointestinal tract

Figure 1 A 3-D sigmoid colon solid model (A), the surface model based on the cross sectional images (B)and the 3-D surface model with slices along the centre axis (C).

Figure 2 A 3-D reconstructed stomach antrum wall surface before (A) and after (B) surface smoothing by using the Fourier transform method.

Figure 3 A 3-D sigmoid colon segment surface before (A) and after (B) surface smoothing by using the non-shrinking Gaussian method.

Figure 4 Circumferential (A, B, C) and longitudinal (D, E, F) radii of curvatures distributions in sigmoid colon (A, D), rectum (B, E) and human stomach (C, F).

Figure 5 Tension (A) and stress (B) distribution on a distended rectum model.

Figure 6 Mises stress (left) distribution in the mucosal folded three-layered esophagus at the bonded state.

Math 1 Math(A1).

Math 2 Math(A4).