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©The Author(s) 2026. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 7, 2026; 32(5): 116007
Published online Feb 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i5.116007
Published online Feb 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i5.116007
Endoscopic rubber band ligation, injection sclerotherapy, and sclerobanding for the treatment of internal hemorrhoids
Na Zu, Xin-Yu Zhou, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
Xue Jing, Bei-Bei Ma, Shi-Jin Wang, Xing-Si Qi, Li-Bin Liu, Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
Co-first authors: Na Zu and Xue Jing.
Co-corresponding authors: Xing-Si Qi and Li-Bin Liu.
Author contributions: Zu N and Jing X designed and conducted the study and wrote the manuscript; Ma BB, Wang SJ, and Qi XS provided clinical advice and participated in the data acquisition; Zhou XY contributed to the data analysis; Liu LB and Qi XS supervised the study and made critical revisions related to important intellectual content of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (No. QYFY WZLL 30480).
Informed consent statement: Informed verbal consent was obtained from all patients during the postoperative follow-up through phone calls. Clinical data were obtained anonymously following the acquisition of written informed consent from each patient for treatment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—a checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-a checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: The technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset are available from the first author at 19105496203@163.com.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Li-Bin Liu, PhD, Doctor, Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Pr
Received: October 31, 2025
Revised: December 1, 2025
Accepted: December 18, 2025
Published online: February 7, 2026
Processing time: 89 Days and 18.3 Hours
Revised: December 1, 2025
Accepted: December 18, 2025
Published online: February 7, 2026
Processing time: 89 Days and 18.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: The clinical outcomes of endoscopic rubber band ligation (ERBL), injection sclerotherapy (IS), and endoscopic polidocanol sclerobanding (ESB) for treating grade I-III internal hemorrhoids have been limited in previous research. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of these three methods, revealing that all provided long-term clinical benefits for grade I hemorrhoids. For grade II-III hemorrhoids, ESB demonstrated superior outcomes, including lower recurrence rates and minimal postoperative pain compared with IS and ERBL.