Real-world predictive model for immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatitis using baseline cytotoxic T-lymphocyte counts

doi:10.3748/wjg.121501

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Dec 21, 2026; 32(47): 121501
Published online Dec 21, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.121501

Real-world predictive model for immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hepatitis using baseline cytotoxic T-lymphocyte counts

Wen-Ting Peng, Fei-Lan Yang, Shi-Fang Peng, Lei Fu

Wen-Ting Peng, Fei-Lan Yang, Shi-Fang Peng, Lei Fu, Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China

Author contributions: Fu L designed the research and supervised the study; Peng WT and Yang FL collected the clinical data; Peng WT performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript; Peng SF assisted in compiling data; all authors critically reviewed the final manuscript.

AI contribution statement: The main manuscript was written without the use of any AI tools. An AI-assisted language tool (DeepSeek) was used solely in the preparation of the response letter to reviewers for language polishing. All scientific content is the sole responsibility of the authors.

Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82570747; and the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, No. 2022JJ30954 and No. 2025JJ50599.

Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Xiangya Hospital Central South University (No. 2026010119).

Informed consent statement: The study is a retrospective study that will maximize the protection of the rights and privacy of the study participants, and the content of the study and the results of the study do not involve personal privacy and commercial interests, exempt from informed consent.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.

Corresponding author: Lei Fu, PhD, Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China. fulei92@126.com

Received: March 26, 2026
Revised: April 26, 2026
Accepted: June 9, 2026
Published online: December 21, 2026
Processing time: 215 Days and 18.6 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: This retrospective study of 544 cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors identifies baseline peripheral cluster of differentiation (CD) 3+ CD8+ T cell counts as a novel independent predictor of immune-mediated hepatitis. Integrating this immune parameter with alanine transaminase and complement 4, the authors constructed a nomogram that achieved good discriminatory performance (area under the curve 0.81 in training and 0.80 in validation). This model provides a clinically accessible tool for pre-treatment risk stratification.