Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 7, 2026; 32(41): 120464
Published online Nov 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.120464
Published online Nov 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.120464
Preoperative echocardiography-based nomogram for postoperative cardiac complications in pancreatic cancer with vascular invasion
Shan Jin, Xiu-Zhang Lyu, Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
Fang-Fei Wang, Shao-Cheng Lyu, Xin Zhao, Qiang He, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancre
Co-first authors: Shan Jin and Fang-Fei Wang.
Co-corresponding authors: Qiang He and Xiu-Zhang Lyu.
Author contributions: Jin S and Wang FF contributed to writing-original draft, they contributed equally to this manuscript and are co-first authors; Jin S, Wang FF, Lyu SC, and Zhao X contributed to investigation and data curation; Jin S, Wang FF, Lyu SC, and He Q contributed to project administration; He Q and Lyu XZ contributed to supervision, writing-review and editing, they contributed equally to this manuscript and are co-corresponding authors; and all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
AI contribution statement: AI tool Kimi K2.6 (Moonshot AI) was used solely to assist with language translation and polishing. All data analysis, figure generation, and reference management were performed independently by the authors using standard scientific software. No AI was involved in data processing, image creation, or analytical decision-making. To ensure the accuracy and professionalism of our responses to the reviewers’ comments, we utilized an AI translation tool (Kimi 2.6) solely as an English-language assistant during the revision process. Specifically, we drafted all responses in Chinese based on our own experimental data, critical analysis, and scientific reasoning, and then used the AI tool to translate these original Chinese drafts into English. At no point was AI employed to directly generate the scientific content, interpretations, or arguments presented in our rebuttal. Every response reflects our independent intellectual contribution and thorough understanding of the research.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital (Approval No. 2024-D-512). All procedures adhered to the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration.
Informed consent statement: All patients provided general informed consent for the use of their medical data for research purposes upon admission, as per hospital policy. Additional individual consent was waived by the Ethics Committee for this retrospective analysis involving anonymized data review.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Corresponding author: Qiang He, MD, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China.
Received: February 27, 2026
Revised: April 9, 2026
Accepted: May 14, 2026
Published online: November 7, 2026
Processing time: 200 Days and 0.7 Hours
Revised: April 9, 2026
Accepted: May 14, 2026
Published online: November 7, 2026
Processing time: 200 Days and 0.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Pancreatic cancer with vascular invasion carries substantial perioperative cardiac risk. This study developed a novel nomogram integrating preoperative B-type natriuretic peptide, average E/e’ ratio (early mitral inflow velocity to average mitral annular early diastolic velocity ratio), and left atrial volume index to predict postoperative cardiac complications. The nomogram demonstrated excellent discrimination (C-index: 0.874) and calibration. This nomogram enables early identification of high-risk patients and facilitates tailored perioperative management strategies, advancing precision risk stratification in this vulnerable population.