Rhapontin activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 to ameliorate Parkinson’s disease-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction

doi:10.3748/wjg.v32.i4.114468

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Jan 28, 2026 (publication date) through Jan 23, 2026

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Letter to the Editor

World J Gastroenterol. Jan 28, 2026; 32(4): 114468
Published online Jan 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i4.114468

Rhapontin activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 to ameliorate Parkinson’s disease-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction

Yi-Xiao Chen, Na-Qi Sun, Sai-Jun Mo

Yi-Xiao Chen, Sai-Jun Mo, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China

Na-Qi Sun, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Third Clinical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China

Co-first authors: Yi-Xiao Chen and Na-Qi Sun.

Author contributions: Mo SJ provided the research idea and participated in the revision of the manuscript; Chen YX composed the manuscript and participated in the revision of the manuscript; Sun NQ participated in the revision of the manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Corresponding author: Sai-Jun Mo, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China. sjmo@zzu.edu.cn

Received: September 22, 2025
Revised: November 16, 2025
Accepted: December 26, 2025
Published online: January 28, 2026
Processing time: 124 Days and 18.5 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: This commentary argues that realizing rhapontin’s potential in ameliorating Parkinson’s disease (PD)-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction requires a systems-level understanding of its interaction with the gut microbiota and signaling networks beyond nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) (e.g., nuclear factor kappa-B, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, sirtuin 1). It emphasizes that rhapontin’s colonic NRF2-mediated local anti-inflammatory effects support PD’s “enteric pathology hypothesis” and highlight colonic NRF2 as a priority intervention target.