Stage-aware programmed death ligand 1 assessment in gastric cancer: Implications for perioperative immunotherapy
Hou-Shu Tu, Meng-Lin Chen, Sai Li, Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
Jing Hong, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
Ling He, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
Author contributions: Tu HS and He L conceptualized and designed the opinion review; Tu HS was responsible for drafting the manuscript; Chen ML, Hong J, and Li S contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final version for submission.
AI contribution statement: ChatGPT and language-editing tools were used for English language polishing, wording refinement, and improvement of readability during manuscript preparation. AI-based image-generation tools were also used to assist in preparing some schematic figures/graphical elements. The main text, including the abstract, introduction, main body sections, author perspectives, and conclusion, was not generated by AI as a substitute for authorial writing or intellectual contribution. All scientific content, literature selection, arguments, perspectives, and conclusions were developed, reviewed, revised, and approved by the human authors. AI-assisted tools were not used to generate original data, fabricate references, conduct data analysis, design the study, interpret results, or formulate conclusions. The AI-assisted schematic figures/graphical elements were generated based on concepts, structure, and scientific content specified by the authors, and are illustrative only. They do not represent original experimental data, clinical images, pathological images, or independently generated scientific conclusions. The authors reviewed and approved all AI-assisted language and graphical outputs and take full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, originality, and final content of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Corresponding author: Ling He, PhD, Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
heling118@126.com
Received: January 8, 2026
Revised: January 21, 2026
Accepted: March 5, 2026
Published online: September 7, 2026
Processing time: 213 Days and 16.7 Hours
