Synergistic antitumor effects of quercetin and triptolide in hepatocellular carcinoma via modulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Nrf2 signaling pathways

doi:10.3748/wjg.118638

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Sep 7, 2026; 32(33): 118638
Published online Sep 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.118638

Synergistic antitumor effects of quercetin and triptolide in hepatocellular carcinoma via modulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Nrf2 signaling pathways

Irene Maier

Irene Maier, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria

Author contributions: Maier I conceived and designed the study, conducted the literature review, prepared the figures, and drafted and revised the manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The author reports no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Corresponding author: Irene Maier, PhD, Researcher, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria. irene.maier@meduniwien.ac.at

Received: January 7, 2026
Revised: March 28, 2026
Accepted: May 9, 2026
Published online: September 7, 2026
Processing time: 214 Days and 8.2 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: The combination of quercetin and triptolide demonstrates enhanced antitumor effects by reducing tumor growth and oxidative stress while modulating the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Plant-derived bioactive compounds and herbal formulations have shown promise in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy, particularly in combination regimens that exert anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Quercetin may also inhibit triptolide-induced liver injury and carcinogenesis by regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, which is associated with cell proliferation.