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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 21, 2025; 31(35): 110241
Published online Sep 21, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i35.110241
Published online Sep 21, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i35.110241
Advances in portal hypertension management: Evolution of the Baveno guidelines
Michał Brzdęk, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce 25-369, Poland
Michał Brzdęk, Anita Gąsiorowska, Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 92-213, Poland
Krystyna Dobrowolska, Jakub Janczura, Kinga Brzdęk, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce 25-516, Poland
Małgorzata Wajdowicz, Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases with Hepatology Subdivision, Collegium Medicum University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow 35-959, Poland
Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk, Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce 25-516, Poland
Alessandra Mangia, Liver Unit, Fondazione "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", IRCCS San Giovanni Rotondo, San Giovanni Rotondo 71013, Italy
Author contributions: Brzdęk M designed the manuscript, conducted the literature review, drafted the manuscript, prepared the tables, and prepared the manuscript for submission; Dobrowolska K designed the manuscript, conducted the literature review, and drafted the manuscript; Janczura J conducted the literature review and drafted the manuscript; Wajdowicz M conducted the literature review and drafted the manuscript; Brzdęk K drafted the manuscript, and prepared the tables and figures; Zarębska-Michaluk D edited and submitted the manuscript, and made critical revisions; Gąsiorowska A edited the manuscript, conducted the literature review, and made critical revisions; Mangia A designed the manuscript, edited the manuscript, and made critical revisions; All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk, PhD, Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Jan Kochanowski University, Radiowa 7, Kielce 25-516, Poland.
Received: June 3, 2025
Revised: June 20, 2025
Accepted: August 13, 2025
Published online: September 21, 2025
Processing time: 108 Days and 13.8 Hours
Revised: June 20, 2025
Accepted: August 13, 2025
Published online: September 21, 2025
Processing time: 108 Days and 13.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This is the first and only comprehensive review to date covering all editions of the Baveno guidelines on portal hypertension. It traces the evolution of diagnostic and management strategies from invasive approaches to modern non-invasive tools, and outlines key shifts in surveillance, prophylaxis, and rescue therapy. The review summarizes resolved controversies, identifies current gaps in knowledge, and highlights future research directions that could further enhance clinical outcomes in portal hypertension.