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Christodoulidis G, Kouliou MN, Koumarelas KE. Immune signature of small bowel adenocarcinoma and the role of tumor microenvironment. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30(8): 794-798 [PMID: 38516246 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i8.794]
Grigorios Christodoulidis, Marina Nektaria Kouliou, Konstantinos Eleftherios Koumarelas, Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Greece
Author contributions: Christodoulidis G, Kouliou MN and Koumarelas KE contributed to this paper; Christodoulidis G designed the overall concept and outline of the manuscript; Christodoulidis G, Kouliou MN and Koumarelas KE contributed to the discussion and design of the manuscript; Christodoulidis G, Koumarelas KE and Kouliou MN contributed to the writing, editing the manuscript, and review of literature.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Corresponding author: Grigorios Christodoulidis, PhD, Doctor, Editor-in-Chief, Department of General Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Mezourlo, Larissa 41110, Greece. gregsurg09@gmail.com
Received: November 23, 2023 Peer-review started: November 23, 2023 First decision: January 5, 2024 Revised: January 13, 2024 Accepted: January 30, 2024 Article in press: January 30, 2024 Published online: February 28, 2024 Processing time: 94 Days and 18.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is an uncommon gastrointestinal tumor, accounting for fewer than 3% of all cases, even though it constitutes 95% of the gastrointestinal tract. SBA, which is mostly located in the duodenum, typically goes undetected for a long period of time, resulting to a late-stage discovery and a dismal prognosis. The immunological response, consisting of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, is critical in determining the prognosis. Programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway, which is known to be involved in immune evasion in cancer, is implicated in SBA, with PD-L1 expression to a variety of prognostic consequences. The complicated interaction of immunological components, including as TILs and regulatory T cells, emphasizes the complexities of SBA.
