©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 21, 2024; 30(43): 4602-4608
Published online Nov 21, 2024. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i43.4602
Published online Nov 21, 2024. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i43.4602
Comprehensive approach to esophageal variceal bleeding: From prevention to treatment
Sahib Singh, Department of Internal Medicine, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21215, United States
Saurabh Chandan, Center for Interventional Endoscopy, Advent Health, Orlando, FL 32803, United States
Rakesh Vinayek, Department of Gastroenterology, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21215, United States
Ganesh Aswath, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
Antonio Facciorusso, Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
Marcello Maida, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna ‘Kore’, Enna 94100, Sicilia, Italy
Author contributions: Singh S, Chandan S, Vinayek R, Aswath G, Facciorusso A and Maida M contributed to this paper; Facciorusso A and Maida M designed the overall concept and outline of the manuscript; Singh S contributed to the discussion and design of the manuscript; Singh S, Chandan S, Vinayek R, Aswath G, Facciorusso A and Maida M contributed to the writing, and editing the manuscript, illustrations, and review of literature.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Corresponding author: Marcello Maida, MD, Professor, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna ‘Kore’, Piazza dell'Università, Enna 94100, Sicilia, Italy.
Received: September 15, 2024
Revised: October 2, 2024
Accepted: October 18, 2024
Published online: November 21, 2024
Processing time: 45 Days and 20.2 Hours
Revised: October 2, 2024
Accepted: October 18, 2024
Published online: November 21, 2024
Processing time: 45 Days and 20.2 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Despite the advancements in prophylaxis and treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding, the rebleeding rates and mortality remain high. Among the prediction tools for assessing the risk of variceal bleeding, imaging modalities such as computed tomography and endoscopy are commonly used, with the upcoming field of radiomics showing promising results.