Revolutionizing gastric cancer treatment: The potential of immunotherapy

Core Tip

Core Tip: Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has revolutionized cancer treatment by targeting programmed cell death 1, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), enhancing the immune response. While PD-L1 and CTLA-4's prognostic significance in gastric cancer remains debatable, ICIs like nivolumab and pembrolizumab show promise. Tailored approaches, such as zolbetuximab for CLDN 18.2 or trastuzumab, pembrolizumab, and chemotherapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive cases, demonstrate effectiveness. Tumor vaccines and dendritic cell-based vaccines hold potential in personalized therapy. Adoptive Immunotherapy utilizes tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes therapy, engineered T cell receptor therapy, Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, natural killer cell therapy, and cytokine-induced killer cell therapy, each with distinct benefits and challenges. The immunotherapy landscape continues to evolve, offering hope for improved cancer management.