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©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 7, 2023; 29(5): 800-814
Published online Feb 7, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i5.800
Published online Feb 7, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i5.800
Impact of chronic liver disease on SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes: Roles of stage, etiology and vaccination
Riccardo Nevola, Livio Criscuolo, Domenico Beccia, Augusto Delle Femine, Rachele Ruocco, Simona Imbriani, Maria Alfano, Angela Villani, Raffaele Marfella, Luigi Elio Adinolfi, Ferdinando Carlo Sasso, Aldo Marrone, Luca Rinaldi, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
Riccardo Nevola, Pasquale Perillo, Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Ospedale Evangelico Betania, Naples 80147, Italy
Antonio Russo, Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
Author contributions: Nevola R and Criscuolo L contributed to the study conception and design; Criscuolo L, Nevola R, Beccia D, Delle Femine A, Imbriani S, Alfano M, Ruocco R, Villani A, Russo A and Perillo P reviewed the literature; The first draft of the manuscript was written by Criscuolo L and Nevola R; Claar E, Marfella R, Adinolfi LE, Sasso FC, Marrone A and Rinaldi L edited the draft and revised the manuscript for important intellectual content; All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Riccardo Nevola, MD, PhD, Doctor, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Miraglia Place, Naples 80138, Italy. riccardo.nevola@unicampania.it
Received: November 22, 2022
Peer-review started: November 22, 2022
First decision: December 10, 2022
Revised: December 12, 2022
Accepted: January 18, 2023
Article in press: January 18, 2023
Published online: February 7, 2023
Processing time: 75 Days and 21.7 Hours
Peer-review started: November 22, 2022
First decision: December 10, 2022
Revised: December 12, 2022
Accepted: January 18, 2023
Article in press: January 18, 2023
Published online: February 7, 2023
Processing time: 75 Days and 21.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: It has been observed, since the early months of the pandemic, that pre-existing liver disease was associated with a worsening of clinical outcomes in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. A correlation exists between severity of liver disease and coronavirus disease 2019-related adverse outcomes. The etiology of liver disease could significantly affect mortality rates, as well as vaccination status.