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World J Gastroenterol. Jul 7, 2023; 29(25): 4036-4052
Published online Jul 7, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i25.4036
Fractal nature of human gastrointestinal system: Exploring a new era
Fabio Grizzi, Marco Spadaccini, Maurizio Chiriva-Internati, Mohamed A A A Hegazi, Robert S Bresalier, Cesare Hassan, Alessandro Repici, Silvia Carrara
Fabio Grizzi, Mohamed A A A Hegazi, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano 20089, Milan, Italy
Fabio Grizzi, Cesare Hassan, Alessandro Repici, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele 20072, Milan, Italy
Marco Spadaccini, Cesare Hassan, Alessandro Repici, Silvia Carrara, Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano 20089, Milan, Italy
Maurizio Chiriva-Internati, Robert S Bresalier, Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
Author contributions: Grizzi F and Carrara S contributed to study conception and design; Grizzi F, and Carrara S contributed to writing of article; Spadaccini M, Chiriva-Internati M, Hegazi AAAM, Hassan C, Bresalier RS, and Repici A critically reviewed the manuscript; all the authors contributed to editing, reviewing and final approval of article.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The Authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Fabio Grizzi, PhD, Senior Scientist, Head Histology Core, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 56 Via Manzoni, Rozzano 20089, Milan, Italy. fabio.grizzi@humanitasresearch.it
Received: March 28, 2023
Peer-review started: March 28, 2023
First decision: May 4, 2023
Revised: May 26, 2023
Accepted: June 13, 2023
Article in press: June 13, 2023
Published online: July 7, 2023
Processing time: 91 Days and 10 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Utilizing fractal analysis to estimate the fractal dimension is a potent tool for investigating the geometrical properties of the gastrointestinal system. This approach has the potential to improve diagnostic and prognostic rates, leading to better patient care and a deeper understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.