Celiac disease: From genetics to epigenetics

doi:10.3748/wjg.v28.i4.449

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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World J Gastroenterol. Jan 28, 2022; 28(4): 449-463
Published online Jan 28, 2022. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i4.449

Celiac disease: From genetics to epigenetics

Elisa Gnodi, Raffaella Meneveri, Donatella Barisani

Elisa Gnodi, Raffaella Meneveri, Donatella Barisani, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy

Author contributions: Gnodi E, Meneveri R and Barisani D contributed to literature review, critical interpretation of articles, manuscript draft and manuscript revision; Barisani D supervised the work.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Corresponding author: Donatella Barisani, MD, MSc, Associate Professor, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy. donatella.barisani@unimib.it

Received: April 18, 2021
Peer-review started: April 18, 2021
First decision: June 3, 2021
Revised: June 16, 2021
Accepted: January 11, 2022
Article in press: January 11, 2022
Published online: January 28, 2022
Processing time: 278 Days and 22.6 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Currently identified genes account only for half of celiac disease (CeD) predisposition. An important role could be played by epigenetics, inheritable traits without DNA sequence alterations, which could be influenced by gluten exposure. DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs act on different gene expression steps, from gene transcription to post-translational ones. Epigenetic changes can be additional predisposition factors or specific of CeD stages (active disease, gluten-free diet) as recently reported. Analysis of epigenetic data and their integration with transcriptome (by machine learning) can help to stratify patients, or discover new players in CeD pathogenesis, possible focus of novel therapeutic approaches.