Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 14, 2021; 27(26): 4104-4142
Published online Jul 14, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i26.4104
Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with renal dysfunction: Pathophysiology, prognosis, and treatment challenges
Hsuan Yeh, Chun-Cheng Chiang, Tzung-Hai Yen
Hsuan Yeh, Tzung-Hai Yen, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taipei 105, Taiwan
Chun-Cheng Chiang, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
Author contributions: Yeh H and Chiang CC contributed equally to this study, and both contributed to data collection and manuscript writing; Yen TH contributed to study design and supervision.
Supported by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. CORPG3K0191, No. CMRPG3G0871, and No. CMRPG3G0872.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Tzung-Hai Yen, MD, PhD, Doctor, Professor, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 199 Tung Hwa North Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan. m19570@adm.cgmh.org.tw
Received: January 28, 2021
Peer-review started: January 28, 2021
First decision: March 6, 2021
Revised: March 17, 2021
Accepted: June 16, 2021
Article in press: June 16, 2021
Published online: July 14, 2021
Processing time: 164 Days and 16.7 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: The varying degrees of renal dysfunction, from the various stages of chronic kidney disease to dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease, often affect the choice of treatment and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This complicates HCC treatment. This review encompasses the presumptive causes of the high degree of comorbidity of HCC and renal dysfunction, the impact of renal dysfunction on HCC prognosis, and the concerns that are specific to patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction for each stage of HCC treatment.