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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 7, 2021; 27(25): 3825-3836
Published online Jul 7, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i25.3825
Published online Jul 7, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i25.3825
Autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer: Epidemiological aspects and immunological considerations
Dimitri Poddighe, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
Dimitri Poddighe, Department of Pediatrics, National Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health (NRCMCH), University Medical Center (UMC) Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
Author contributions: Poddighe D conceived and wrote this manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The author declares no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Dimitri Poddighe, MD, MSc, PhD-Eq., Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kerei-Zhanibek Str. 5/1, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan. dimitri.poddighe@nu.edu.kz
Received: February 7, 2021
Peer-review started: February 7, 2021
First decision: April 5, 2021
Revised: April 13, 2021
Accepted: May 20, 2021
Article in press: May 20, 2021
Published online: July 7, 2021
Processing time: 148 Days and 11.5 Hours
Peer-review started: February 7, 2021
First decision: April 5, 2021
Revised: April 13, 2021
Accepted: May 20, 2021
Article in press: May 20, 2021
Published online: July 7, 2021
Processing time: 148 Days and 11.5 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This mini-review discusses the debated issue of autoimmune pancreatitis (type 1) as a potential risk factor for pancreatic cancer. After summarizing the few available (low-quality) epidemiological evidence that does not clearly support this role, the immunopathological characteristics of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (including Th2 immunological dominance, type 2 macrophage polarization and basophil infiltration) are discussed as potential factors that may actually create a tolerogenic immu