Spontaneous fungal peritonitis: Epidemiology, current evidence and future prospective

doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i34.7742

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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World J Gastroenterol. Sep 14, 2016; 22(34): 7742-7747
Published online Sep 14, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i34.7742

Spontaneous fungal peritonitis: Epidemiology, current evidence and future prospective

Marco Fiore, Sebastiano Leone

Marco Fiore, Department of Anesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy

Sebastiano Leone, Division of Infectious Diseases, “San Giuseppe Moscati” Hospital, 83100 Avellino, Italy

Author contributions: Fiore M and Leone S have created and mutually revised the paper for final approval.

Conflict-of-interest statement: None of the authors have any conflict of interest in connection with this study.

Correspondence to: Sebastiano Leone, MD, Division of Infectious Diseases, “San Giuseppe Moscati” Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy. sebastianoleone@yahoo.it

Telephone: +39-825-203967 Fax: +39-825-203967

Received: March 24, 2016
Peer-review started: March 25, 2016
First decision: May 12, 2016
Revised: June 30, 2016
Accepted: August 1, 2016
Article in press: August 1, 2016
Published online: September 14, 2016
Processing time: 168 Days and 9.2 Hours

Core Tip

Core tip: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) occurs in patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD); spontaneous fungal peritonitis (SFP) is a complication of ESLD less known and described. Patients with SFP had a significantly worse prognosis than those with SBP. The incidence accounts from 0% to 13% of patients with ESLD and spontaneous peritonitis. Data are conflicting regarding fungi distribution between nosocomial and non-nosocomial infections. Candida spp. are the most frequent fungal infectious agent isolated. Previous SBP antibiotic prophylaxis, hepatorenal syndrome, low ascitic fluid protein (< 1 g/dL), elevated acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II and serum lactate also significantly adversely impact hospital mortality.