Kwak MS, Kim D, Chung GE, Kim W, Kim YJ, Yoon JH. Cholecystectomy is independently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in an Asian population. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(20): 6287-6295 [PMID: 26034364 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i20.6287]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Donghee Kim, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 135-984, South Korea. messmd@chol.com
Research Domain of This Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Article-Type of This Article
Observational Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Share the Article
Kwak MS, Kim D, Chung GE, Kim W, Kim YJ, Yoon JH. Cholecystectomy is independently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in an Asian population. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21(20): 6287-6295 [PMID: 26034364 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i20.6287]
World J Gastroenterol. May 28, 2015; 21(20): 6287-6295 Published online May 28, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i20.6287
Cholecystectomy is independently associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in an Asian population
Min-Sun Kwak, Donghee Kim, Goh Eun Chung, Won Kim, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon
Min-Sun Kwak, Donghee Kim, Goh Eun Chung, Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 135-984, South Korea
Won Kim, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 135-984, South Korea
Yoon Jun Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-984, South Korea
Author contributions: Kim D contributed to the conception and design of the study; Kwak MS and Kim D contributed to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data and wrote the paper; Chung GE, Kim W, Kim YJ, and Yoon JH contributed to the acquisition of the data and reviewed the paper.
Supported by Seoul National University Hospital Research Fund, No. 04-2014-0660.
Ethics approval: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Hospital, No. H1309-019-518.
Informed consent: The need to obtain informed consent from the subjects was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Hospital.
Conflict-of-interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. The funding organizations played no role in the design and conduct of the study, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, or in the writing, review, and approval of the manuscript.
Data sharing: The technical appendix, statistical code and dataset are available from the corresponding author at messmd@chol.com. No additional data are available.
Correspondence to: Donghee Kim, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 135-984, South Korea. messmd@chol.com
Telephone: +82-2-21125574 Fax: +82-2-21125635
Received: December 3, 2014 Peer-review started: December 5, 2014 First decision: January 22, 2015 Revised: February 9, 2015 Accepted: April 3, 2015 Article in press: April 3, 2015 Published online: May 28, 2015 Processing time: 177 Days and 18.1 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: The relationship between gallstone disease (gallstones and cholecystectomy, separately) and ultrasonographically diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was analyzed in a large Asian population. The prevalence of gallstone disease increased with the presence of NAFLD, and the prevalence of NAFLD increased with the presence of gallstone disease. Multivariate regression analysis showed that cholecystectomy was associated with NAFLD. However, gallstones were not associated with NAFLD. The independent association between cholecystectomy and NAFLD was still significant after additional adjustment for insulin resistance. This study showed that cholecystectomy, but not gallstones, is independently associated with NAFLD after adjustment for metabolic risk factors.
