Published online Mar 7, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i9.2218
Revised: January 2, 2014
Accepted: January 19, 2014
Published online: March 7, 2014
Processing time: 189 Days and 15.9 Hours
Core tip: Opioid growth factor (OGF) biotherapy for human pancreatic cancer is based on inhibition of DNA synthesis by upregulation of cyclin-dependent inhibitory kinases. Preclinical studies using human pancreatic cancer cell lines have demonstrated that OGF interaction with its selective receptor OGF receptor (OGFr) is a physiological determinant of cell proliferation. Addition of OGF to standard chemotherapies enhances the efficacy of treatment. Studies in nude mice confirm that the OGF-OGFr axis regulates pancreatic cancer progression. Clinical trials using OGF for treatment of patients with unresectable pancreatic tumors reveal that OGF is a novel endogenous opioid that is safe, non-toxic, elicits negligible side effects and reduces pancreatic tumor size in persons who have failed other therapies.