Role of different examination methods in colorectal cancer screening: Insights and future directions

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is a malignant tumor with the third and second highest incidence and mortality rates worldwide, and its mortality rate is increasing annually. Colorectal cancer evolves gradually over a long period of time. The evolving process from colorectal adenoma to colorectal cancer takes approximately 10-15 years, providing a sufficiently long "window period" for early screening and diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The recurrence and mortality rates can be controlled at a low level with an early intervention. Metaxas et al sum-marized existing screening methods and their applicable scope in a recent publication. Moreover, they provide suggestions on how to improve adherence. This editorial provides a commentary on their article and discuss the roles of different screening methods in the early screening of colorectal cancer.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Early screening of tumors; Non-invasive liquid tissue biopsy; Research progress

Core Tip: We comment on an article by Metaxas et al. This study emphasizes the importance of early screening in colorectal cancer and provides a summary of the common screening methods. Moreover, this study notes that invasive examinations are not easily accepted by patients and provides a detailed introduction to the applicability, sensitivity, and accuracy of noninvasive examinations. Finally, we propose methods that may help improve adherence rates. Here, we offer insights into their article and discuss relevant topics within this field.