Effects of proton pump inhibitors on inflammatory bowel disease: An updated review

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is believed to be caused by various factors, including abnormalities in disease susceptibility genes, environmental factors, immune factors, and intestinal bacteria. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the primary drugs used to treat acid-related diseases. They are also commonly prescribed to patients with IBD. Recent studies have suggested a potential association between the use of certain medications, such as PPIs, and the occurrence and progression of IBD. In this review, we summarize the potential impact of PPIs on IBD and analyze the underlying mechanisms. Our findings may provide insights for conducting further investigations into the effects of PPIs on IBD and serve as an important reminder for physicians to exercise caution when prescribing PPIs to patients with IBD.

Keywords: Drug safety; Proton pump inhibitor; Inflammatory bowel disease; Ulcerative colitis; Crohn’s disease

Core Tip: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be induced by multiple factors. Incidentally, several drugs, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), may also be involved in the occurrence and development of IBD. This study is an updated review of the literature. It summarizes the potential impact of PPIs on the risk, severity, and pharmacotherapy of IBD and analyzes the possible mechanisms through which PPIs may contribute to the development of IBD.