Minireviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 28, 2023; 29(8): 1304-1314
Published online Feb 28, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i8.1304
Hamartomatous polyps: Diagnosis, surveillance, and management
Leva Gorji, Peter Albrecht
Leva Gorji, Peter Albrecht, Department of Surgery, Kettering Health Dayton, Dayton, OH 45405, United States
Author contributions: Gorji L and Albrecht P performed the conceptualization; Gorji L wrote the original draft; Gorji L and Albrecht P contributed to the reviewing and editing; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Leva Gorji, DO, Doctor, Department of Surgery, Kettering Health Dayton, 405 West Grand Avenue Dayton, Dayton, OH 45405, United States. leva.gorji@ketteringhealth.org
Received: September 13, 2022
Peer-review started: September 13, 2022
First decision: December 1, 2022
Revised: December 8, 2022
Accepted: February 16, 2023
Article in press: February 16, 2023
Published online: February 28, 2023
Processing time: 167 Days and 18.4 Hours
Abstract

Hereditary polyposis syndrome can be divided into three categories: Ade-nomatous, serrated, and hamartomatous polyps. Hamartomatous polyps, malformations of normal tissue presenting in a disorganized manner, are characterized by an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. These syndromes exhibit hamartomatous gastrointestinal polyps in conjunction to extra-intestinal manifestations, which require conscientious and diligent monitoring. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Cowden syndrome, and juvenile polyposis syndrome are the most common displays of hamartomatous polyposis syndrome (HPS). Diagnosis can be pursued with molecular testing and endoscopic sampling. Early identification of these autosomal dominant pathologies allows to optimize malignancy sur-veillance, which helps reduce morbidity and mortality in both the affected patient population as well as at-risk family members. Endoscopic surveillance is an important pillar of prognosis and monitoring, with many patients eventually requiring surgical intervention. In this review, we discuss the diagnosis, surveillance, and management of HPS.

Keywords: Hamartomatous polyps; Peutz-Jegher syndrome; Cowden syndrome; Juvenile polyposis syndrome

Core Tip: We hope that our review article, "Hamartomatous polyps: Diagnosis, surveillance, and management", will function as a concise review of the literature as pertaining to the diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment of the most common hamartomatous polyp syndromes.