Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 21, 2021; 27(7): 592-608
Published online Feb 21, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i7.592
Sinapic acid ameliorates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatitis in rats: Role of nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathways
Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari, Mohammad Raish, Yousef A Bin Jardan, Ajaz Ahmad, Mudassar Shahid, Sheikh Fayaz Ahmad, Nazrul Haq, Mohammad Rashid Khan, Saleh A Bakheet
Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari, Sheikh Fayaz Ahmad, Mohammad Rashid Khan, Saleh A Bakheet, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Raish, Yousef A Bin Jardan, Mudassar Shahid, Nazrul Haq, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Ajaz Ahmad, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Author contributions: Ansari MA and Raish M conceptualized the study; Ahmad A, Bin Jardan YA and Shahid M helped in the methodology; Shahid M did the formal analysis; Ahmad SF, Khan MR and Haq N helped in managing resources; Ansari MA, Raish M and Bakheet SA wrote the original first draft and supervised the study and the project was administered by Ansari MA; Shahid M and Raish M did the review, editing, and finalized the manuscript draft; Ansari MA acquired funding for this research.
Supported by Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University, No. RG-1439-083.
Institutional review board statement: The experiment proposal was authorized by the Ethics Committee of the Experimental Animal Care Society, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia (No. KSU-SE-20-13).
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: The experiment proposal was authorized by the Ethics Committee of the Experimental Animal Care Society, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia (No. KSU-SE-20-13).
Conflict-of-interest statement: The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
ARRIVE guidelines statement: The authors have read the ARRIVE Guidelines, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the ARRIVE Guidelines.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, King Khalid Road, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. muansari@ksu.edu.sa
Received: October 26, 2020
Peer-review started: October 26, 2020
First decision: November 25, 2020
Revised: November 30, 2020
Accepted: January 21, 2021
Article in press: January 21, 2021
Published online: February 21, 2021
Processing time: 116 Days and 6.6 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Sinapic acid (SA) has been shown to have various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Its mechanism of action is dependent upon its ability to curb free radical production and protect against oxidative stress-induced tissue injuries.

AIM

To study the hepatoprotective effects of SA against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) in rats.

METHODS

Experimental ALF was induced with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 8 μg LPS and 800 mg/kg D-GalN in normal saline. SA was administered orally once daily starting 7 d before LPS/D-GalN treatment.

RESULTS

Data showed that SA ameliorates acute liver dysfunction, decreases serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO levels in ALF model rats. However, pretreatment with SA (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) reduced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation and levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6). Also, SA increased the activity of the nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, SA offers significant protection against LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF in rats by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 and downregulating NF-κB.

Keywords: Sinapic acid; D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide; Oxidative stress; Fulminant hepatitis; Antioxidant; Nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathways

Core Tip: This work demonstrated for the first time that the sinapic acid (SA) has hepatoprotective effects in the D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS)-induced rat model through its ability to suppress oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. The protective mechanism of SA depends on the downregulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and the restoration of antioxidant enzyme levels through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Thus, SA could be applied to treat or prevent D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver failure in the future.