Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 28, 2021; 27(48): 8242-8261
Published online Dec 28, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i48.8242
Emerging therapeutic options in inflammatory bowel disease
Jesus K Yamamoto-Furusho, Norma N Parra-Holguín
Jesus K Yamamoto-Furusho, Norma N Parra-Holguín, Gastroenterology Unit, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
Author contributions: Yamamoto-Furusho JK provided the research idea, search information, selection of the papers, write and edit the final manuscript; Parra-Holguín NN searched the information and write the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Yamamoto-Furusho JK is a member of the advisory board, an opinion leader and speaker for Abbvie Laboratories de México, Abbvie (international), Takeda México, Pfizer (international and regional), and Janssen Cilag (international and Mexico). He is an opinion leader and speaker for Farmasa, Ferring, and Farmasa Schwabe and a research advisor for UCB México. He has received funds for research studies from the Shire, Bristol Myers Squib, Pfizer, Takeda, and Celgene laboratories. Parra-Holguín NN declares no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Jesus K Yamamoto-Furusho, MD, MS, PhD, Chief Doctor, Director, Full Professor, Gastroenterology Unit, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez sección XVI, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico. kazuofurusho@hotmail.com
Received: March 2, 2021
Peer-review started: March 2, 2021
First decision: April 17, 2021
Revised: June 4, 2021
Accepted: November 30, 2021
Article in press: November 30, 2021
Published online: December 28, 2021
Processing time: 296 Days and 15.9 Hours
Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that requires chronic treatment throughout the evolution of the disease, with a complex physiopathology that entails great challenges for the development of new and specific treatments for ulcerative colitis and Crohn´s disease. The anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy has impacted the clinical course of IBD in those patients who do not respond to conventional treatment, so there is a need to develop new therapies and markers of treatment response. Various pathways involved in the development of the disease are known and the new therapies have focused on blocking the inflammatory process at the gastrointestinal level by oral, intravenous, subcutaneous, and topical route. All these new therapies can lead to more personalized treatments with higher success rates and fewer relapses. These treatments have not only focused on clinical remission, but also on achieving macroscopic changes at the endoscopic level and microscopic changes by achieving mucosal healing. These treatments are mainly based on modifying signaling pathways, by blocking receptors or ligands, reducing cell migration and maintaining the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Therefore, this review presents the efficacy and safety of the new treatments that are currently under study and the advances that have been made in this area in recent years.

Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease; Review; Emerging; Treatment; Ulcerative colitis; Crohn´s disease

Core Tip: This review is to present the efficacy and safety of novel treatments for inflammatory bowel disease. The new treatments that may be available in the future are new anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha, anti-integrines, anti-interleukines, modulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate, janus kinase inhibitors, toll like receptor agonist, therapy on the integrity of the epithelial barrier, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors and antisense oligonucleotide therapy, currently in clinical studies. Many of them with encouraging results in clinical studies, while others have not been able to maintain significant results in the final phases.