Liver stem cells: Plasticity of the liver epithelium

doi:10.3748/wjg.v25.i9.1037

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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World J Gastroenterol. Mar 7, 2019; 25(9): 1037-1049
Published online Mar 7, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i9.1037

Liver stem cells: Plasticity of the liver epithelium

Atsunori Tsuchiya, Wei-Yu Lu

Atsunori Tsuchiya, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate school of medical and dental sciences, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan

Wei-Yu Lu, Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom

Author contributions: Tsuchiya A and Lu WY contributed equally to this work.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflicts-of-interest related to this article.

Corresponding author: Wei-Yu Lu, PhD, Research Fellow, Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, the University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. w.lu.3@bham.ac.uk

Telephone: +44-121-4146854 Fax: +44-121-4158701

Received: October 25, 2018
Peer-review started: October 26, 2018
First decision: November 29, 2018
Revised: January 21, 2019
Accepted: January 26, 2019
Article in press: January 26, 2019
Published online: March 7, 2019
Processing time: 133 Days and 10.3 Hours

Abstract

The liver has a high regenerative capacity after acute liver injury, but this is often impaired during chronic liver injury. The existence of a dedicated liver stem cell population that acts as a source of regeneration during chronic liver injury has been controversial. Recent advances in transgenic models and cellular reprogramming have provided new insights into the plasticity of the liver epithelium and directions for the development of future therapies. This article will highlight recent findings about the cellular source of regeneration during liver injury and the advances in promoting liver regeneration.

Keywords: Liver regeneration; Stem cells; Cellular plasticity

Core tip: There have been controversies regarding the existence of a true liver stem cell population. Nevertheless, more evidence is beginning to reveal that cellular plasticity in the liver plays a role in liver regeneration. This mini-review highlights recent findings about plasticity in the liver epithelium.