Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 28, 2015; 21(44): 12660-12666
Published online Nov 28, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i44.12660
Capsule enteroscopy is useful for the therapeutic management of Crohn’s disease
João Santos-Antunes, Hélder Cardoso, Susana Lopes, Margarida Marques, Amadeu CR Nunes, Guilherme Macedo
João Santos-Antunes, Hélder Cardoso, Susana Lopes, Margarida Marques, Amadeu CR Nunes, Guilherme Macedo, Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
João Santos-Antunes, Department of Biochemistry (U38-FCT), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
Author contributions: Santos-Antunes J wrote the paper, collected the data, elaborated the database, analyzed the statistics, and contributed to the interpretation and literature review; Cardoso H contributed to capsule reading, data collection, and study design; Lopes S contributed to patient follow-up and scientific collaboration; Marques M contributed to capsule reading and scientific collaboration; Nunes ACR contributed to patient follow-up and scientific collaboration; Macedo G contributed to study design, paper writing, and scientific revision of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: Due to its retrospective nature, no ethical concerns were raised for the writing of this manuscript.
Informed consent statement: Informed consent for CE and Patency capsule procedures was obtained for every patient. Due to its retrospective nature, no informed consent for the writing of this manuscript was applicable.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors state that they have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Data sharing statement: No additional data available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: João Santos-Antunes, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro Hospitalar S. João. Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal. joao.claudio.antunes@gmail.com
Telephone: +351-22-5513600 Fax: +351-22-5513601
Received: April 24, 2015
Peer-review started: April 26, 2015
First decision: June 2, 2015
Revised: June 30, 2015
Accepted: August 30, 2015
Article in press: August 31, 2015
Published online: November 28, 2015
Processing time: 216 Days and 16.9 Hours
Abstract

AIM: To analyze therapeutic changes in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients following video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and to assess the usefulness of Lewis score and the Patency Capsule.

METHODS: Patency Capsule was performed in every patient that had indication for VCE, and those with negative patency did not undergo VCE. Patients with established CD that underwent VCE between January 2011 and February 2014 were selected for this study; those with suspected CD were excluded, independent of VCE results, since our purpose was to address differences in therapeutic regimen in CD patients before and after VCE. Patients with inconclusive VCE were also excluded. Patients had to be free of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories for at least 1 mo. Those patients who met these criteria were allocated into one of three groups: Staging group (asymptomatic CD patients that underwent VCE for staging of CD), Flare group (patients with active CD), or Post-op group (CD patients evaluated for post-operative recurrence). Lewis score was calculated for every VCE procedure. Statistical analysis was performed to address the impact of VCE findings on the therapeutic management of CD patients and to evaluate the utility of the Lewis score.

RESULTS: From a total of 542 VCEs, 135 were performed in patients with CD. Patency capsule excluded nearly 25% of the patients who were supposed to undergo VCE. No videocapsule retention during VCE was reported. From these 135 patients, 29 were excluded because CD diagnosis was not established at the time of VCE. Therefore, a total of 106 patients were included in the final analysis. From these, the majority were in the Staging group (n = 73, 69%), and the remaining were in the Flare (n = 23, 22%) or Post-op (n = 10, 9%) group. Median time between diagnosis and VCE was 5.5 years. Overall, VCE determined changes in the treatment of 40% of patients: only 21% remained free of immunosuppressors after VCE compared to 44% before VCE (P < 0.001). The differences in therapy before and after VCE achieved statistical significance in the Staging and Flare groups. In addition, patients were significantly different when stratified regarding time since diagnosis to the date of VCE. A higher Lewis score was associated with therapeutic modifications (P < 0.0001); where a score higher than 1354 was related to 90% probability of changing therapy [area under the receiver operative characteristic (AUROC) 0.80 (95%CI: 0.69-0.88)].

CONCLUSION: VCE significantly changed the therapeutic management of CD patients, even in those with long-term disease. Systematic use of Patency capsule allowed for no videocapsule retention.

Keywords: Capsule enteroscopy; Crohn’s disease; Treatment modification; Patency capsule; Lewis score

Core tip: Our work analyzed the therapeutic management of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and concluded that a very significant proportion of patients modify their therapeutic regimens after performing video capsule endoscopy (VCE), even in those with long-term disease or those without symptoms. This finding highlights the importance of this procedure in the management of CD. The systematic use of Patency capsule is controversial; however, we showed in our study that after excluding patients with negative patency, who did not undergo VCE, none of the patients had video capsule retention during VCE, highlighting the importance of Patency capsule in this setting.