Review
Copyright ©2008 The WJG Press and Baishideng. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 28, 2008; 14(44): 6774-6785
Published online Nov 28, 2008. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.6774
Practical guidelines for diagnosis and early management of drug-induced liver injury
Yukihiro Shimizu, Kazuto Tajiri
Kazuto Tajiri, Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama, Japan
Yukihiro Shimizu, Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, 17 Yamada-Hirao, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8256, Japan
Author contributions: Tajiri K reviewed and summarized previous reports on drug-induced liver injury; Shimizu Y organized the design of the manuscript; Both authors contributed equally to writing the manuscript.
Correspondence to: Yukihiro Shimizu, MD, PhD, Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital,17 Yamada-Hirao, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8256, Japan. yukihiro@katsura.com
Telephone: +81-75-391-5811 Fax: +81-75-381-0090
Received: October 15, 2008
Revised: November 5, 2008
Accepted: November 12, 2008
Published online: November 28, 2008
Abstract

The spectrum of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is both diverse and complex. The first step in diagnosis is a suspicion of DILI based on careful consideration of recent comprehensive reports on the disease. There are some situations in which the suspicion of DILI is particularly strong. Exclusion of other possible etiologies according to the pattern of liver injury is essential for the diagnosis. In patients with suspected DILI, diagnostic scales, such as the Councils for International Organizations of Medical Sciences/Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (CIOMS/RUCAM) scale, may be helpful for the final diagnosis. Early management of DILI involves prompt withdrawal of the drug suspected of being responsible, according to serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (T-Bil). However, as DILI patients may show resolution of liver injury without discontinuation of the drug, it should be carefully evaluated whether the suspected drug should be discontinued immediately with adequate consideration of the importance of the medication.

Keywords: Diagnosis; Drug-induced liver injury; Guidelines; Management