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World J Gastroenterol. Jan 28, 2007; 13(4): 594-599
Published online Jan 28, 2007. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i4.594
Achalasia and thyroid disease
Mohammad Hassan Emami, Mostafa Raisi, Jaleh Amini, Hamed Daghaghzadeh
Mohammad Hassan Emami, Hamed Daghaghzadeh, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Poursina Hakim Research Institution, Isfahan, Iran
Mostafa Raisi, Jaleh Amini, Poursina Hakim Research Institution, Isfahan, Iran
Author contributions: All authors contributed equally to the work.
Supported by Poursina Hakim Research Institution, Isfahan, Iran
Correspondence to: Mostafa Raisi, Poursina Hakim Research Institution, PO Box: 81465-1798, No9- Behesht building- Bozorgmehr Av. Isfahan, Iran. mostafaraisi@yahoo.com
Telephone: +98-913-3154000 Fax: +98-311-2667542
Received: November 12, 2006
Revised: December 3, 2006
Accepted: December 21, 2006
Published online: January 28, 2007
Abstract

AIM: To investigate some possible etiologies of achalasia by screening patients with achalasia for some autoimmune diseases such as thyroid disease.

METHODS: We examined 30 known cases of achalasia (20 females, 10 males). Their age ranged 15-70 years. All of them were referred to our institute for treatment. Their sera were evaluated to detect some possible associations with rheumatoid disease, thyroid disease, inflammatory process, anemia, etc.

RESULTS: Seven out of 30 patients (23%) had thyroid disease including four patients with hypothyroidism (13.3%), two patients with hyperthyroidism (6.6%), and one had only thyroid nodule but was in euthyroid state (3.3%). Two of these hypothyroid patients had no related clinical symptoms (subclinical) and two had clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism. There were no correlations between the intensity of thyroid diseases and the severity of achalasia symptoms.

CONCLUSION: The etiology of achalasia is unknown although autoimmunity has been implicated and is supported by several studies. Thyroid disease presents concomitantly with achalasia in about one fourth of our patients who may have a common etiology.

Keywords: Achalasia; Thyroid disease; Hypothyroidism; Esophageal motility; Etiology