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©2006 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. May 28, 2006; 12(20): 3174-3179
Published online May 28, 2006. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i20.3174
Published online May 28, 2006. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i20.3174
Gastrointestinal manifestations of endocrine disease
Christina Maser, Arnbjorn Toset, Sanziana Roman, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven CT 06520, United States
Author contributions: All authors contributed equally to the work.
Correspondence to: Sanziana Roman, MD, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven CT 06520, United States. sanziana.roman@yale.edu
Telephone: +1-203-7852563 Fax: +1-203-7374067
Received: March 29, 2006
Revised: April 7, 2006
Accepted: April 16, 2006
Published online: May 28, 2006
Revised: April 7, 2006
Accepted: April 16, 2006
Published online: May 28, 2006
Abstract
The hormonal interactions among the systems throughout the body are not fully understood; many vague clinical symptoms may in fact be manifestations of underlying endocrine diseases. The aim of the following review is to discuss gastrointestinal manifestations of surgically correctable endocrine diseases, focusing on abnormalities of thyroid function, cancer and finally autoimmune diseases. We also review manifestations of pancreatic endocrine tumors, and multiple endocrine neoplasia.
Keywords: Functional thyroid disease; Autoimmune thyroid disease; Thyroid malignancy; Islet cell tumors