Brief Reports
Copyright ©2005 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 7, 2005; 11(5): 733-736
Published online Feb 7, 2005. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i5.733
Effect of glutamate on inflammatory responses of intestine and brain after focal cerebral ischemia
Lei Xu, Jie Sun, Ran Lu, Qing Ji, Jian-Guo Xu
Lei Xu, Jie Sun, Ran Lu, Qing Ji, Jian-Guo Xu, Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
Author contributions: All authors contributed equally to the work.
Correspondence to: Professor Jian-Guo Xu, Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China. xulei99md@yahoo.com
Telephone: +86-25-80860149 Fax: +86-25-84806839
Received: April 10, 2004
Revised: April 14, 2004
Accepted: May 13, 2004
Published online: February 7, 2005
Abstract

AIM: To study the modulation of glutamate on post-ischemic intestinal and cerebral inflammatory responses in a ischemic and excitotoxic rat model.

METHODS: Adult male rats were subjected to bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 15 min and injection of monosodium glutamate intraperitoneally, to decapitate them at selected time points. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) level and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), respectively. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored continuously during the whole process of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

RESULTS: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) treated rats displayed statistically significant high levels of TNF-α in cerebral and intestinal tissues within the first 6 h of ischemia. The rats with cerebral ischemia showed a minor decrease of TNF-α production in cerebral and intestinal tissues. The rats with cerebral ischemia and treated with MSG displayed statistically significant low levels of TNF-α in cerebral and intestinal tissues. These results correlated significantly with NF-κB production calculated at the same intervals. During experiment, the mean blood pressure and heart rates in all groups were stable.

CONCLUSION: Glutamate is involved in the mechanism of intestinal and cerebral inflammation responses. The effects of glutamate on cerebral and intestinal inflammatory responses after ischemia are up-regulated at the transcriptional level, through the NF-κB signal transduction pathway.

Keywords: Cerebral ischemia; Glutamate; Intestine inflammatory responses; Cerebral inflammatory responses; NF-κB