Clinical Research
Copyright ©2005 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 21, 2005; 11(43): 6800-6806
Published online Nov 21, 2005. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i43.6800
Pregnancy is not a risk factor for gallstone disease: Results of a randomly selected population sample
Thomas Walcher, Mark Martin Haenle, Martina Kron, Birgit Hay, Richard Andrew Mason, Alexa Friederike Alice von Schmiesing, Armin Imhof, Wolfgang Koenig, Peter Kern, Bernhard Otto Boehm, Wolfgang Kratzer
Thomas Walcher, Mark Martin Haenle, Richard Andrew Mason, Alexa Friederike Alice von Schmiesing, Bernhard Otto Boehm, Wolfgang Kratzer, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Martina Kron, Birgit Hay, Department of Biometry and Medical Documentation, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Armin Imhof, Wolfgang Koenig, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Peter Kern, Department of Internal Medicine III, Section of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
Author contributions: All authors contributed equally to the work.
Correspondence to: W. Kratzer, PD Dr Med., University Hospital Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine I, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. wolfgang.kratzer@medizin.uni-ulm.de.
Telephone: +49-731-50024536 Fax: +49-731-50024867
Received: April 11, 2005
Revised: May 21, 2005
Accepted: May 24, 2005
Published online: November 21, 2005
Abstract

AIM: To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and selection of the study population for cholecystolithiasis in an urban population in Germany, in relation to our own findings and to the results in the international literature.

METHODS: A total of 2 147 persons (1 111 females, age 42.8 ± 12.7 years; 1 036 males, age 42.3 ± 13.1 years) participating in an investigation on the prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis were studied for risk factors and prevalence of gallbladder stone disease. Risk factors were assessed by means of a standardized interview and calculation of body mass index (BMI). A diagnostic ultrasound examination of the gallbladder was performed. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression, using the SAS statistical software package.

RESULTS: Gallbladder stones were detected in 171 study participants (8.0%, n = 2 147). Risk factors for the development of gallbladder stone disease included age, sex, BMI, and positive family history. In a separate analysis of female study participants, pregnancy (yes/no) and number of pregnancies did not exert any influence.

CONCLUSION: Findings of the present study confirm that age, female sex, BMI, and positive family history are risk factors for the development of gallbladder stone disease. Pregnancy and the number of pregnancies, however, could not be shown to be risk factors. There seem to be no differences in the respective prevalence for gallbladder stone disease in urban and rural populations.

Keywords: Cholecystolithiasis; Pregnancy; Risk factors; Selection bias; Ultrasonography