Criteria for assessing the diagnostic significance of modern methods of imaging gastrointestinal diseases in practical gastroenterology

Abstract

Imaging methods are frequently used to diagnose gastrointestinal diseases and play a crucial role in verifying clinical diagnoses among all diagnostic algorithms. However, these methods have limitations, challenges, benefits, and advantages. Addressing these limitations requires the application of objective criteria to assess the effectiveness of each diagnostic method. The diagnostic process is dynamic and requires a consistent algorithm, progressing from clinical subjective data, such as patient history (anamnesis), and objective findings to diagnostics ex juvantibus. Caution must be exercised when interpreting diagnostic results, and there is an urgent need for better diagnostic tests. In the absence of such tests, preliminary criteria and a diagnosis ex juvantibus must be relied upon. Diagnostic imaging methods are critical stages in the diagnostic workflow, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy serving as the primary criteria for evaluating clinical, laboratory, and instrumental symptoms. A comprehensive evaluation of all available diagnostic data guarantees an accurate diagnosis. The “gold standard” for diagnosis is typically established through either the results of a pathological autopsy or a lifetime diagnosis resulting from a thorough examination using all diagnostic methods.

Keywords: Imaging methods; Gastrointestinal diseases; Sensitivity; Specificity; Accuracy of the method

Core Tip: The diagnostic process is a complex journey that every physician undertakes with each patient. Successfully diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases requires mastery of all the methods within the diagnostic algorithm. Modern imaging methods provide physicians with significant diagnostic support. But how should the results of these imaging methods be evaluated? This is done using key criteria such as sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Only a comprehensive assessment of various diagnostic methods, taking into account these criteria, will ensure the correct diagnosis of the disease.