Effects of dexmedetomidine on cardioprotection and other postoperative complications in elderly patients after cardiac and non-cardiac surgerie

Figure 1  Flow chart of study selection.

Figure 2  Risk of bias assessment according to cochrane risk of bias methods.

Figure 3  Meta-analysis of the incidence of hypertension and hypotension during the operation.

Figure 4  Meta-analysis of heart rate.

Figure 5 Meta-analysis of cardiac complications (myocardial infarction and bradycardia). MI: Myocardial infarction.

Figure 6  Meta-analysis of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (mg/L) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) (μl/L).

Figure 7  Meta-analysis of postoperative delirium, stroke, and mortality (In-hospital). POD: Postoperative delirium.

Figure 8 Meta-analysis of extubation time (h) and intensive care unit length of stay (h). ET: Extubation time; ICU: Intensive care unit.