Combined endoscopy/laparoscopy/percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, hybrid techniques in gastrointestinal and biliary diseases

Abstract

In recent years, a wide range of gastrointestinal endoscopy techniques have been developed, such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Although ESD and ERCP have an important role in gastrointestinal and biliary diseases, each technique has its limitations. Hybrid techniques that combine endoscopic and surgical procedures have emerged that have the advantages of different procedures and negate their limitations at the same time. Laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery and modified laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery combine ESD and laparoscopic techniques to resect submucosal tumors with minimum resection area. Air leak test by intraoperative endoscopy can effectively identify a mechanically insufficient anastomosis and decrease the complication rate. The rendezvous technique that combines percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and endoscopy can be performed as a rescue approach for the treatment of biliary obstruction, stenosis and bile duct injuries. For patients with simultaneous presence of stones in the gallbladder and the common bile duct, the laparo-endoscopic rendezvous technique can perform ERCP and laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the same time and reduces the risk of pancreatic injury caused by ERCP. Biliobiliary and bilioenteric anastomosis using magnetic compression anastomosis is another choice for biliary obstruction. The most common used approach to deliver the magnets is by percutaneous-peroral tract. Laparoscopic-assisted ERCP is a safe and highly effective therapy for patients who develop biliary diseases after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Keywords: Hybrid technique; Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery; Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Laparoscopic-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Rendezvous technique; Magnetic compression anastomosis

Core tip: A wide range of hybrid techniques that combine two or more of endoscopy, laparoscopy and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage have been developed. The hybrid techniques include laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery, air leak test by intraoperative endoscopy, magnetic compression anastomosis, the rendezvous technique and laparoscopic assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. This review aims to introduce these hybrid techniques and their applications for the treatment of gastrointestinal and biliary diseases.