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Bertola B, Cotolí-Crespo A, San Onofre N, Soriano JM. The Mystery of Certain Lactobacillus acidophilus Strains in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Symptoms of COVID-19: A Review. Microorganisms 2025; 13:944. [PMID: 40284780 PMCID: PMC12029412 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13040944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2025] [Revised: 04/08/2025] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 presents a wide range of symptoms, including gastrointestinal manifestations such as diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. Lactobacillus acidophilus has been proposed as a potential adjunct therapy to alleviate these symptoms due to its probiotic properties, which help restore gut microbiota balance and modulate immune responses. This review systematically analyzed studies assessing the effects of L. acidophilus in COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. The literature search was conducted through PubMed and the WHO COVID-19 database using keywords such as "Lactobacillus acidophilus", "COVID-19", "gastrointestinal symptoms", and "inflammation markers". The search covered studies published until February 2025. Inclusion criteria: observational and clinical trials with L. acidophilus for symptom relief. Exclusion: animal studies and non-ethical approvals. The findings suggest that L. acidophilus supplementation may contribute to faster resolution of diarrhea, improved gut microbiota balance, and reduced inflammatory markers. However, some studies have found no significant impact on hospitalization rates or disease progression. The probiotic's mechanisms of action appear to involve microbiota modulation, intestinal barrier reinforcement, and anti-inflammatory effects rather than direct viral inhibition in COVID-19 after progression. Some L. acidophilus strains show promise, and clinical validation should follow careful preclinical studies (in vitro, cell lines, and animal models), especially in vulnerable populations such as immunocompromised individuals. Understanding the gut-lung axis and its role in immune response regulation, together with the need for a thorough characterization of the specific strains, including biochemical, genomic, and functional properties, before testing in humans, may provide deeper insights into the therapeutic potential of probiotics in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Bertola
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Amparo Cotolí-Crespo
- Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Nadia San Onofre
- NUTRALiSS Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Rambla del Poblenou 156, 08018 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jose M. Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Abiri E, Mirzaii M, Moghbeli M, Atashi A, Harati AA. Investigating DNA damage caused by COVID-19 and influenza in post COVID-19. Mamm Genome 2025; 36:200-212. [PMID: 39537997 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus (termed COVID-19) was responsible for over 34 million global deaths. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, infection by emerging mutant variants of SARS-CoV-2 poses a continuing threat to public health. COVID-19 infection has been associated with the development of cytokine storm syndrome, hypercoagulability, immunological dysregulation and direct viral invasion of organs, and the long-term consequences for the health of COVID-19 survivors are currently unknown. Our research focuses on the possible mutagenic aspects of infection by COVID-19 and measures their harmful effects on DNA composition. DNA damage was investigated, using the comet assay method, during two periods: in the epidemic peak of COVID-19 and during the post-COVID-19 period, both in patients infected with COVID-19 and in those with influenza. During the epidemic peak, the levels of DNA damage ranged from the highest to the lowest levels in the following groups, respectively: intubated-ICU, non-intubated-ICU, non-ICU, and influenza, with a discernible increase in DNA damage in ICU-treated patients. The levels of DNA damage in the post-COVID-19 period were significantly lower compared to those in the epidemic peak period but there was still a discernible increase in DNA damage in the ICU group. Our results indicate that levels of DNA damage may be an effective indicator in prognostic decision-making and may therefore help to reduce mortality. Given that DNA damage and impaired repair processes can contribute to chronic diseases like diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative conditions, it will be crucial to investigate potential similar effects in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Abiri
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Damghan, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaii
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Majid Moghbeli
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Damghan, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ahad Ali Harati
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Damghan, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
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Abiri E, Raesi R, Kashani MHG. Investigating the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) during pandemics: COVID-19 as an example. BMC Res Notes 2025; 18:19. [PMID: 39825420 PMCID: PMC11740556 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-025-07102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 01/20/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The coronavirus pandemic, with a wide range of clinical manifestations, is considered a serious emergency in increasing anxiety for vulnerable groups of young people such as students. The purpose of this study is to look into how COVID-19 affects depression and anxiety in students at Damghan University. It also aims to determine how non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) education affects COVID-19 anxiety and related aspects. METHODS This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 276 students from Northeast Iran in 2022 using the convenience sampling method. The data were collected by posting the standard electronic questionnaire of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) on the study site's popular social media platforms. Participants were also given online access to the data collection (NPI) training protocols. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 statistical software and descriptive and inferential statistical tests. RESULTS 42.3% of participants in the study did not use or used very little of the Infection Prevention and Control (NPI) education, and considering participants' concerns about contracting COVID-19, 7.97% were somewhat concerned, while 58.3% were considered highly concerned. This result indicates that not using (NPI) education leads to increased anxiety. Most participants reported being highly compliant with using NPI trainings and COVID-19 prevention guidelines (57.6%), and 68.4% believed that COVID-19 will soon be eradicated. This result shows that (NPI) education lead to increased hope and decreased anxiety. CONCLUSION In the near future, these findings may be helpful in the creation and execution of preventative initiatives and coping mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Abiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran.
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Maryam Haji Ghasem Kashani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
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Rizwan M, Cheng K, Gang Y, Hou Y, Wang C. Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D and Zinc on Viral Infection. Biol Trace Elem Res 2025; 203:1-17. [PMID: 38451442 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Several nutrients are crucial in enhancing the immune system and preserving the structural integrity of bodily tissue barriers. Vitamin D (VD) and zinc (Zn) have received considerable interest due to their immunomodulatory properties and ability to enhance the body's immune defenses. Due to their antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory properties, the two nutritional powerhouses VD and Zn are crucial for innate and adaptive immunity. As observed with COVID-19, deficiencies in these micronutrients impair immune responses, increasing susceptibility to viral infections and severe disease. Ensuring an adequate intake of VD and Zn emerges as a promising strategy for fortifying the immune system. Ongoing clinical trials are actively investigating their potential therapeutic advantages. Beyond the immediate context of the pandemic, these micronutrients offer valuable tools for enhancing immunity and overall well-being, especially in the face of future viral threats. This analysis emphasizes the enduring significance of VD and Zn as both treatment and preventive measures against potential viral challenges beyond the current health crisis. The overview delves into the immunomodulatory potential of VD and Zn in combating viral infections, with particular attention to their effects on animals. It provides a comprehensive summary of current research findings regarding their individual and synergistic impacts on immune function, underlining their potential in treating and preventing viral infections. Overall, this overview underscores the need for further research to understand how VD and Zn can modulate the immune response in combatting viral diseases in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yang Gang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuntao Hou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Sinha AP, Khatib MN, Gaidhane A, Upadhyay S, Wanjari M, Quazi SZ. Efficacy of nutraceuticals (probiotics or prebiotics or synbiotics) in the prevention or treatment of COVID -19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. COGENT FOOD & AGRICULTURE 2024; 10. [DOI: 10.1080/23311932.2024.2330183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Pradhan Sinha
- ICMR Emeritus Scientist, Division of Reproductive, Child Health and Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- Head, Global Evidence Synthesis Initiative (GESI), Division of Evidence Synthesis, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhay Gaidhane
- Dean, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, One Health Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpa Upadhyay
- Resesarch Associate, Global Consortium of Public Health Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayur Wanjari
- Resesarch Associate, Global Consortium of Public Health Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Syed Zahiruddin Quazi
- South Asia Infant Feeding Research Network (SAIFRN), School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Abiri E, Mirzaii M, Moghbeli M, Atashi A, Harati AA. Investigating the relationship between lymphocyte cells apoptosis and DNA damage and oxidative stress and therapeutic and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 elderly patients. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:940. [PMID: 39251946 PMCID: PMC11385507 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While COVID-19 has been controlled and deaths have decreased, the long-term consequences of COVID-19 remain a challenge we face today. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the apoptosis of lymphocyte cells with DNA damage and oxidative stress and the therapeutic and clinical outcomes of elderly patients with COVID-19. METHODS This study was conducted from April 2020 to May 2021 (the period of severe attacks of the epidemic peak of COVID-19) and September 2022 (the post-COVID-19 period). The study groups included elderly patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU and normal wards of the hospital as well as elderly patients with influenza. A polymerase chain reaction was used to check the validity of the studied diseases. The Annexin V/Propidium Iodide method was used to evaluate the level of apoptosis. Genotoxic effects and DNA damage were assessed by the comet assay method. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were measured by photometric methods. RESULTS The highest level of apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes and the highest level of DNA damage were observed at both times in the intubated-ICU and non-intubated-ICU groups. In all groups, there was a significant increase in peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis levels and DNA damage levels compared to the healthy control group (p < 0.01). The level of apoptosis and DNA damage decreased significantly in the post-COVID-19 period (p < 0.01). In the investigation of oxidative stress biomarkers, the oxidative stress index, including TOS and MPO levels, increased in patients (p < 0.01), and the TAS level decreased (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION It shows that the apoptosis of lymphocyte cells, DNA damage, and oxidative stress can be effective in prognostic decisions and is a suitable predictor for diagnosing the condition of patients with viral infections such as COVID-19 and influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Abiri
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaii
- Department of Biology, Haftham Tir Square - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Majid Moghbeli
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- Department of Biology, Haftham Tir Square - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ahad Ali Harati
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
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Chen J, Mou L, Wang L, Wu G, Dai X, Chen Q, Zhang J, Luo X, Xu F, Zhang M, Duan Y, Pang H, Wang Y, Cai Y, Tan Z. Mixed Bacillus subtilis and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-fermented feed improves gut microbiota and immunity of Bamei piglet. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1442373. [PMID: 39268530 PMCID: PMC11390403 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1442373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in the breeding production of Bamei pigs, affecting the quality and safety of pork and causing enormous harm to human health, the environment, and public health. The use of probiotic fermented feed to replace antibiotic feed is one of the solutions, which has the potential to improve the intestinal microbiota, promote animal growth, and enhance immunity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fermented feed with Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum QP28-1a or Bacillus (B.) subtilis QB8a on feed, growth performance, gut microbiota, and immunity of weaned piglets. A total of 60 freshly weaned piglets from the Tibetan Plateau were randomly divided into five groups and fed basal feed, L. plantarum fermented feed, B. subtilis fermented feed, mixed fermented feed, and antibiotic fermented feed for 60 days, respectively. The results showed fermented feed supplemented with L. plantarum QP28-1a or B. subtilis QB8a significantly lowered the pH of the feed (P < 0.05), produced lactic acid and acetic acid, inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria in the feed, and reduced the feed conversion rate in the group fed mixed fermented feed (P < 0.05). The fermented feed increased the α-diversity and prominently altered the β-diversity of the intestinal microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Turicibacter and decreasing the relative abundance of conditional pathogens such as Streptococcus and Clostridium, improving the intestinal microbiota of the Bamei piglets. Notably, the mixed fermented feed improved the immunity of Bamei piglets by modulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and inflammatory-related signaling pathways. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the increased expression of immune-related cytokines may be associated with a significant enrichment of Lactobacillus, Prevotellaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Ruminococcaceae in the gut. In conclusion, the probiotic fermented feed maintained an acidic environment conducive to suppressing pathogens, reduced the feed conversion ratio, optimized the intestinal microbiota, improved immunity, and alleviated intestinal inflammation that may be caused by weaning, demonstrating the excellent application prospects of L. plantarum QP28-1a and B. subtilis QB8a fermented feed in the feeding of Bamei piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Green Agriculture Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liyu Mou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Green Agriculture Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Guofang Wu
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ximei Dai
- Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiufang Chen
- Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Fafang Xu
- Bamei Pig Original Breeding Base of Huzhu County, Huzhou, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Green Agriculture Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaoke Duan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Green Agriculture Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huili Pang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Green Agriculture Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Green Agriculture Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yimin Cai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Green Agriculture Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongfang Tan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Green Agriculture Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Cai J, Xu J, Tan Y, Xiang Y, Li Z, Zheng J, Li Y. Gut microbiota alteration and its association with immune function in post-COVID-19 patients. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:857-864. [PMID: 38177971 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
To reveal the variation of gut microbiota and its association with immune function in cured patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, gut microbiota of patients discharged from hospital for 20 ~ 23 months and healthy volunteers was analyzed by high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. The diversity and abundance were compared, and the correlation with immunity factors was investigated, and changes in the content of 6 genera microorganisms with proportion higher than 0.1% were revealed in patients with COVID-19 disease: reduced content of Subdoligranulum, Haemophilus, Coprococcus, Eubacterium vertriosum group, and Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group and increased content of Hungatella. NK cells were negatively correlated to Subdoligranulum, while CD8 cells were positively correlated to Subdoligranulum but negative to Hungatella. IL-8 concentration was negatively correlated to Subdoligranulum, Haemophilus, Coprococcus, Eubacterium vertriosum group, and Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group but positively to Hungatella, while IL-1β concentration was negatively correlated to Haemophilus and Eubacterium ventriosum group but positively to Hungatella. The variation of probiotics and potential pathogenic bacteria implies a higher risk in diseases and inflammation, and the modulation of the gut microbiota may help the healing of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Cai
- College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Microbiological Laboratory, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jingru Xu
- Microbiological Laboratory, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Microbiological Laboratory, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yao Xiang
- Microbiological Laboratory, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Microbiological Laboratory, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital (People's Hospital of Jiangbei District), Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Yingli Li
- College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Ali SS, Alsharbaty MHM, Al-Tohamy R, Naji GA, Elsamahy T, Mahmoud YAG, Kornaros M, Sun J. A review of the fungal polysaccharides as natural biopolymers: Current applications and future perspective. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132986. [PMID: 38866286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
As a unique natural resource, fungi are a sustainable source of lipids, polysaccharides, vitamins, proteins, and other nutrients. As a result, they have beneficial medicinal and nutritional properties. Polysaccharides are among the most significant bioactive components found in fungi. Increasing research has revealed that fungal polysaccharides (FPS) contain a variety of bioactivities, including antitumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-aging properties. However, the exact knowledge about FPS and their applications related to their future possibilities must be thoroughly examined to enhance a better understanding of this sustainable biopolymer source. Therefore, FPS' biological applications and their role in the food and feed industry, agriculture, and cosmetics applications were all discussed in this work. In addition, this review highlighted the mode of action of FPS on human diseases by regulating gut microbiota and discussed the mechanism of FPS as antioxidants in the living cell. The structure-activity connections of FPS were also highlighted and explored. Moreover, future perspectives were listed to pave the way for future studies of FPS applications. Hence, this study can be a scientific foundation for future FPS research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed H M Alsharbaty
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; Branch of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq.
| | - Rania Al-Tohamy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ghassan A Naji
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; College of Dentistry, The Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Tamer Elsamahy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yehia A-G Mahmoud
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori str, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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10
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Rizzi M, Avellis V, Messina A, Germano C, Tavella E, Dodaro V, Vitale R, Revelli A, Zola P, Picone S, Paolillo PM, Mondì V, Masturzo B, Manzoni P, Sainaghi PP. Vitamin D Supplementation in Neonatal and Infant MIS-C Following COVID-19 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3712. [PMID: 38612523 PMCID: PMC11011671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still represents a great clinical challenge worldwide, and effective anti-COVID-19 drugs are limited. For this reason, nutritional supplements have been investigated as adjuvant therapeutic approaches in disease management. Among such supplements, vitamin D has gained great interest, due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions both in adult and pediatric populations. Even if there is conflicting evidence about its prevention and/or mitigation effectiveness in SARS-CoV-2 infection, several studies demonstrated a strict correlation between hypovitaminosis D and disease severity in acute COVID-19 and MIS-C (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children). This narrative review offers a resume of the state of the art about vitamin D's role in immunity and its clinical use in the context of the current pandemic, specially focusing on pediatric manifestations and MIS-C. It seems biologically reasonable that interventions aimed at normalizing circulating vitamin D levels could be beneficial. To help clinicians in establishing the correct prophylaxis and/or supportive therapy with vitamin D, well-designed and adequately statistically powered clinical trials involving both adult and pediatric populations are needed. Moreover, this review will also discuss the few other nutraceuticals evaluated in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Rizzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
- IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Avellis
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Alessandro Messina
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Chiara Germano
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
| | - Elena Tavella
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Valentina Dodaro
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Raffaele Vitale
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Alberto Revelli
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Paolo Zola
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Simonetta Picone
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Michele Paolillo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Mondì
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Masturzo
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
| | - Paolo Manzoni
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
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11
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Hassan HA, Ahmed HS, Hassan DF. Free radicals and oxidative stress: Mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Hum Antibodies 2024; 32:151-167. [PMID: 39031349 DOI: 10.3233/hab-240011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free radicals are small extremely reactive species that have unpaired electrons. Free radicals include subgroups of reactive species, which are all a product of regular cellular metabolism. Oxidative stress happens when the free radicals production exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant system in the body's cells. OBJECTIVE The current review clarifies the prospective role of antioxidants in the inhibition and healing of diseases. METHODS Information on oxidative stress, free radicals, reactive oxidant species, and natural and synthetic antioxidants was obtained by searching electronic databases like PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct, with articles published between 1987 and 2023 being included in this review. RESULTS Free radicals exhibit a dual role in living systems. They are toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism that lead to oxidative injury and tissue disorders and act as signals to activate appropriate stress responses. Endogenous and exogenous sources of reactive oxygen species are discussed in this review. Oxidative stress is a component of numerous diseases, including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. Although various small molecules assessed as antioxidants have shown therapeutic prospects in preclinical studies, clinical trial outcomes have been inadequate. Understanding the mechanisms through which antioxidants act, where, and when they are active may reveal a rational approach that leads to more tremendous pharmacological success. This review studies the associations between oxidative stress, redox signaling, and disease, the mechanisms through which oxidative stress can donate to pathology, the antioxidant defenses, the limits of their effectiveness, and antioxidant defenses that can be increased through physiological signaling, dietary constituents, and probable pharmaceutical interference. Prospective clinical applications of enzyme mimics and current progress in metal- and non-metal-based materials with enzyme-like activities and protection against chronic diseases have been discussed. CONCLUSION This review discussed oxidative stress as one of the main causes of illnesses, as well as antioxidant systems and their defense mechanisms that can be useful in inhibiting these diseases. Thus, the positive and deleterious effects of antioxidant molecules used to lessen oxidative stress in numerous human diseases are discussed. The optimal level of vitamins and minerals is the amount that achieves the best feed benefit, best growth rate, and health, including immune efficiency, and provides sufficient amounts to the body.
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12
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SeyedAlinaghi S, Shahidi R, Afzalian A, Paranjkhoo P, Ghorbanzadeh K, Mojdeganlou H, Razi A, Mojdeganlou P, Dashti M, Ghasemzadeh A, Parikhani SN, Pashaei A, Karimi A, Sepide A, Mehraeen E, Hackett D. Probiotics in prevention and treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review of current evidence. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2023; 13:709-722. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-pip-2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
Introduction. Clinical evidence suggests that certain probiotics may help treat and prevent viral infections. To date, the effectiveness of probiotics in the alleviation of COVID-19 has not been established. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Materials and methods. An extensive search of four electronic databases was performed which included Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed from November 2019 to June 2022. After reviewing the references list of related articles additional studies were identified. A multiple combination of keywords validated by MESH were used to search the databases. Study selection was performed according to an inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results. Twenty-three articles met the study inclusion criteria. Six articles were conducted in vitro while the remaining studies were conducted in the human population (in vivo). The type of probiotic was defined in eighteen studies. There were two studies that used supplements (vitamins, herbals, minerals, etc.) in addition to probiotics. The largest sample size was 445 850 participants which were from a study that used an application-based survey. The majority of studies found that probiotics had a positive effect on the COVID-19 disease. The benefits included early remission of COVID-19 symptoms and a shorter duration of sickness (10 studies), lower mortality rates (3 studies), and decreased hospitalization and length of stay (3 studies). Six in vitro studies found that probiotics were beneficial against SARS-CoV-2 through antiviral effects. There were only two studies that found probiotics to be ineffective or caused negative effects when consumed in COVID-19 patients.
Conclusion. Available evidence supports the antiviral role of probiotics on prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The antiviral potential of Lactobacillus paracasei metabolite PlnE and PlnF against SARS-CoV-2 may explain the effectiveness of probiotics on COVID-19.
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13
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Verma G, Dhawan M, Saied AA, Kaur G, Kumar R, Emran TB. Immunomodulatory approaches in managing lung inflammation in COVID-19: A double-edge sword. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1020. [PMID: 37773723 PMCID: PMC10521379 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The novel coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a gigantic problem. The lung is the major target organ of SARS-CoV-2 and some of its variants like Delta and Omicron variant adapted in such a way that these variants can significantly damage this vital organ of the body. These variants raised a few eyebrows as the outbreaks have been seen in the vaccinated population. Patients develop severe respiratory illnesses which eventually prove fatal unless treated early. MAIN BODY Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 causes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α which are mediators of lung inflammation, lung damage, fever, and fibrosis. Additionally, various chemokines have been found to play an important role in the disease progression. A plethora of pro-inflammatory cytokines "cytokine storm" has been observed in severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia that may prove fatal. To counteract cytokine storm-inducing lung inflammation, several promising immunomodulatory approaches are being investigated in numerous clinical trials. However, the benefits of using these strategies should outweigh the risks involved as the use of certain immunosuppressive approaches might lead the host susceptible to secondary bacterial infections. CONCLUSION The present review discusses promising immunomodulatory approaches to manage lung inflammation in COVID-19 cases which may serve as potential therapeutic options in the future and may prove lifesaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Verma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and BiotechnologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of MicrobiologyPunjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaIndia
- Trafford CollegeAltrinchamUK
| | | | - Geetika Kaur
- Department of Opthalmology, Visual and Anatomical SciencesWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Reetesh Kumar
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Applied Sciences and HumanitiesGLA UniversityMathuraIndia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesDaffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer CenterBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States
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14
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Garza-Juárez A, Pérez-Carrillo E, Arredondo-Espinoza EU, Islas JF, Benítez-Chao DF, Escamilla-García E. Nutraceuticals and Their Contribution to Preventing Noncommunicable Diseases. Foods 2023; 12:3262. [PMID: 37685194 PMCID: PMC10486909 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The high rate of deaths around the world from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) (70%) is a consequence of a poor diet lacking in nutrients and is linked to lifestyle and environmental conditions that together trigger predisposing factors. NCDs have increased 9.8% of public health spending worldwide, which has been increasing since 2000. Hence, international organizations such as the WHO, the Pan American Health Organization, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations have been developing strategic plans to implement government and economic policies to strengthen programs in favor of food security and nutrition. A systematic review is presented to document an analysis of the origin and characteristics of obesity, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, and cancers affecting a large part of the world's population. This review proposes a scientifically based report of functional foods including fruits, vegetables, grains, and plants, and how their bioactive compounds called nutraceuticals-when consumed as part of a diet-benefit in the prevention and treatment of NCDs from an early age. Multifactorial aspects of NCDs, such as culture and eating habits, are limitations to consider from the clinical, nutritional, and biochemical points of view of everyone who suffers from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Garza-Juárez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (A.G.-J.)
| | - Esther Pérez-Carrillo
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Eder Ubaldo Arredondo-Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular y Modelos Biológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 66427, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Islas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (A.G.-J.)
| | - Diego Francisco Benítez-Chao
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (A.G.-J.)
| | - Erandi Escamilla-García
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
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15
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Grinevich VB, Lazebnik LB, Kravchuk YA, Radchenko VG, Tkachenko EI, Pershko AM, Seliverstov PV, Salikova CP, Zhdanov KV, Kozlov KV, Makienko VV, Potapova IV, Ivanyuk ES, Egorov DV, Sas EI, Korzheva MD, Kozlova NM, Ratnikova AK, Ratnikov VA, Sitkin SI, Bolieva LZ, Turkina CV, Abdulganieva DI, Ermolova TV, Kozhevnikova SA, Tarasova LV, Myazin RG, Khomeriki NM, Pilat TL, Kuzmina LP, Khanferyan RA, Novikova VP, Polunina AV, Khavkin AI. Gastrointestinal disorders in post-COVID syndrome. Clinical guidelines. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023:4-68. [DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-208-12-4-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Summary Post- COVID syndrome refers to the long-term consequences of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, which includes a set of symptoms that develop or persist after COVID-19. Symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders in post- COVID syndrome, due to chronic infl ammation, the consequences of organ damage, prolonged hospitalization, social isolation, and other causes, can be persistent and require a multidisciplinary approach. The presented clinical practice guidelines consider the main preventive and therapeutic and diagnostic approaches to the management of patients with gastroenterological manifestations of postCOVID syndrome. The Guidelines were approved by the 17th National Congress of Internal Medicine and the 25th Congress of Gastroenterological Scientifi c Society of Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. B. Lazebnik
- A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K. V. Kozlov
- Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov
| | | | | | | | - D. V. Egorov
- Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov
| | - E. I. Sas
- Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov
| | | | | | - A. K. Ratnikova
- North-West District Scientifi c and Clinical Center named after L. G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency
| | - V. A. Ratnikov
- North-West District Scientifi c and Clinical Center named after L. G. Sokolov Federal Medical and Biological Agency
| | - S. I. Sitkin
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov;
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
| | | | | | | | - T. V. Ermolova
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov
| | | | | | | | - N. M. Khomeriki
- Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute n. a. M. F. Vladimirsky”
| | - T. L. Pilat
- Scientifi c Research Institute of labour medicine named after academician N. F. Izmerov
| | - L. P. Kuzmina
- Scientifi c Research Institute of labour medicine named after academician N. F. Izmerov;
I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | | | | | - A. I. Khavkin
- Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov
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16
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Alanzi AR, Parvez MK, Al-Dosari MS. Structure-based virtual identification of natural inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 and its Delta and Omicron variant proteins. Future Virol 2023; 18:421-438. [PMID: 38051986 PMCID: PMC10241455 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2022-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Structure-based identification of natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2, Delta and Omicron target proteins. MATERIALS & METHODS Several known antiviral natural compounds were subjected to molecular docking and MD simulation against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, Helicase and Spike, including Delta and Omicron Spikes. RESULTS Of the docked ligands, 20 selected for each complex exhibited overall good binding affinities (-7.79 to -5.06 kcal/mol) with acceptable physiochemistry following Lipinski's rule. Finally, two best ligands from each complex upon simulation showed structural stability and compactness. CONCLUSION Quercetin-3-acetyl-glucoside, Rutin, Kaempferol, Catechin, Orientin, Obetrioside and Neridienone A were identified as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, Helicase and Spike, while Orientin and Obetrioside also showed good binding affinities with Omicron Spike. Catechin and Neridienone A formed stable complexes with Delta Spike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah R Alanzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Majumder R, Ghosh S, Singh MK, Das A, Roy Chowdhury S, Saha A, Saha RP. Revisiting the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Insight into Long-Term Post-COVID Complications and Repurposing of Drugs. COVID 2023; 3:494-519. [DOI: 10.3390/covid3040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious and dangerous coronavirus that has been spreading around the world since late December 2019. Severe COVID-19 has been observed to induce severe damage to the alveoli, and the slow loss of lung function led to the deaths of many patients. Scientists from all over the world are now saying that SARS-CoV-2 can spread through the air, which is a very frightening prospect for humans. Many scientists thought that this virus would evolve during the first wave of the pandemic and that the second wave of reinfection with the coronavirus would also be very dangerous. In late 2020 and early 2021, researchers found different genetic versions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in many places around the world. Patients with different types of viruses had different symptoms. It is now evident from numerous case studies that many COVID-19 patients who are released from nursing homes or hospitals are more prone to developing multi-organ dysfunction than the general population. Understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its impact on various organ systems is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies and managing long-term health consequences. The case studies highlighted in this review provide valuable insights into the ongoing health concerns of individuals affected by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Majumder
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Sanmitra Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Manoj K. Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Arpita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Swagata Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Abinit Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Rudra P. Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India
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18
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Datta S, Montoya R, Franco J, Haro M, Tapia P, Pozo C, Quispe J, Lozano A, Quevedo Cruz L, Evans C. A prospective cohort study of economic and nutritional changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban Callao, Lima, Peru. Wellcome Open Res 2023. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18536.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Peru followed strict quarantine measures to control COVID-19 but reported excess mortality rates during the pandemic that were the highest globally. High obesity prevalence in Peru may have contributed to COVID-19 mortality, although economic hardship during the pandemic could have reduced obesity. To investigate these potential associations, we updated surveys of economic status, nutritional status, and risk factors for severe COVID-19 in residents of Callao, in the Lima metropolitan area of Peru. Methods: We attempted in December 2021 to invite members of households selected randomly from a map that had provided data in previous surveys 2016-2018 and 2019-2020 to participate in another survey. Households were contacted by telephone and, if uncontactable, were visited. Demographic, economic, and health-related data were collected using the Kobo toolbox platform. Results. We interviewed 83% (305/369) of censused household members for 65% (90/138) of previously participating households. Dissaving activities were reported by all households during the pandemic, more than 2016-2018 (51%, 95% confidence interval, CI=41-62%) and 2019-2020 (44%, 95%CI=33-53%, both p<0.0001). Moreover, 90% (81/90, 95%CI=82-95%) of households reported inability to afford sufficient food and hunger rates increased 1.4 times compared with 2016-2018 (95%CI=1.02, 2.0, p=0.04). Despite financial and food insecurity during the pandemic, the mean adult body mass index was maintained unchanged from the 2019-2020 survey at 27 kg/m2 (standard deviation, SD=4.5 kg/m2), having increased (p=0.0001) from 26 kg/m2 (SD=4.1 kg/m2) in 2016-2018. Overweight/obesity was the most common risk factor for severe COVID-19, and adults were 3.1 times (95%CI=2.3-4.2, p<0.0001) more likely to be overweight/obese than they were to have a co-morbid illness. There was considerable dietary diversity and only 23% of participants had taken micronutrient supplements and 11% probiotics in the past year. Conclusion: Obesity was the most prevalent risk factor for severe COVID-19 despite economic pressure, food insecurity, and hunger during the pandemic.
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19
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Abstract
Acute rhinopharyngitis, usually called common cold, is a widespread disease, mainly in childhood and adolescence. The use of common cold relievers is, therefore, prevalent as documented by the market data. A well-established tradition considers natural remedies an effective and safe way to relieve the common cold. Hundreds of products for treating the common cold contain non-pharmacological components. Nevertheless, a few studies investigated the role of non-pharmacologic remedies for the common cold. The current study reported the most common non-pharmacological remedies for the common cold, including herbal medicines and other substances. As ancient people used traditional herbs to treat and prevent the common cold, various herbs are widely used to clear viral infections. The herbal agents include polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, glucosides, and alkaloids. Moreover, other non-pharmacological agents are widely used in real-life. Many multi- or monocomponent dietary supplements or medical devices contain these substances and are available in the market as tablets, syrups, drops, nasal or oral sprays, and nebulization solutions. Many products are available in the market. However, there is some evidence only for some substances. Consequently, further rigorous studies should confirm natural products' efficacy and safety to relieve the common cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Ciprandi
- Outpatients Department, Allergy Clinic, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, Genoa, Italy -
| | - Maria A Tosca
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy Center, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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20
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Zyoud SH, Shakhshir M, Abushanab AS, Koni A, Shahwan M, Jairoun AA, Al-Jabi SW. Mapping the output of the global literature on the links between gut microbiota and COVID-19. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:3. [PMID: 36653831 PMCID: PMC9847460 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00346-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term "human microbiota" refers to populations of microorganisms that live harmoniously in co-existence with humans. They contribute significantly to the host's immunological response when confronted with a respiratory viral infection. However, little is known about the relationship between the human microbiome and COVID-19. Therefore, our objective is to perform a bibliometric analysis to explore the overall structure and hotspots of research activity on the links between microbiota and COVID-19 at the global level. METHODS The research literature on the microbiota and COVID-19 published between 2020 and 2022 was obtained from the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis and network visualization were performed with VOSviewer. RESULTS Of the 701 publications selected, the USA contributed the most (n = 157, 22.40%), followed by China (n = 118, 16.83%) and Italy (n = 82, 11.70%). Hotspots in this field were "COVID-19 is associated with an altered upper respiratory tract microbiome," "the effect of antibiotics on the gut microbiome," as well as "patient nutrition and probiotic therapy in COVID-19." CONCLUSIONS The links between microbiota and COVID-19 remain an urgent concern at present, and the use of probiotics or/and antibiotics during the pandemic needs to be further improved. This landscape analysis of the links between the microbiota and COVID-19 will provide a basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa’ed H. Zyoud
- Poison Control and Drug Information Center (PCDIC), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
- Clinical Research Centre, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
| | - Muna Shakhshir
- Department of Nutrition, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
| | - Amani S. Abushanab
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
| | - Amer Koni
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Hematology and Oncology Pharmacy Department, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ammar A. Jairoun
- Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samah W. Al-Jabi
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839 Palestine
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21
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Vitale E, Mea R. Associations between sampling characteristics, nutritional supplemental taking and the SARS-CoV-2 infection onset in a cohort of Italian nurses. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.4081/itjm.2022.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to analyze any relations existed between sampling characteristics and the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, also by considering the number of times that it occurred in a cohort of Italian nurses interviewed. Additionally, by considering the nutritional supplemental taking, this research wanted to assess any differences both in the onset and in the number of times which the infection occurred among participants.
Method: An observational cohort study was carried out thorough all Italian nurses by advertising the questionnaire through some professional internet pages.
Results: Work typology (p=0.021), ward Covid-19 (p=0.002) and regular meal assumption (p=0.019) significantly associated to the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most of nurses who contracted the SARS-CoV-2 infection worked during the night shift (53.7%), 44.3% worked in a no-Covid-19 ward and 53% declared to have a regular meals’ assumption. Ward typology significantly associated to the times of the SARS-CoV-2 onset (p=0.003), as most of nurses who contracted almost one time the SARS-CoV-2 infection were employed in a no-Covid-19 ward (55.5%) and 54.1% of them declared to have a regular meals’ assumption. The onset of the Sars-CoV-2 infection seemed to be more present in the most part of the sample collect.
Conclusion: The present study could be considered as pilot in this sense and also more studies will be performed in order to better relate the function of supplemental food intakes with a better functioning of the immune system.
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22
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Soni S, Paari KA. A review on the immunomodulatory properties of functional nutraceuticals as dietary interventions for children to combat COVID-19 related infections. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2023; 5:17. [PMCID: PMC10076816 DOI: 10.1186/s43014-023-00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a significant threat to humanity in the present day due to the rapid increase in the number of infections worldwide. While most children may be spared of the direct mortality effects of the disease, those with weak immune systems are prone to adverse effects. Child mortality increases due to the stress caused to the health care system that disrupts essential health care needs such as immunisation and antenatal care. The use of functional foods (FF) aids in disease-prevention as they are known to have protective effects against COVID-19 by boosting children’s cellular and humoral immunity. Plant components such as glycyrrhizin, epigallocatechin gallate, allicin, and fucoidan exhibit antiviral properties against various viruses, including SARS-CoV 2. Microbial foods that are made of probiotics, can enhance immunity against various respiratory viruses. Food enriched with additives such as lactoferrin, piperine, and zinc can boost immunity against COVID-19. With proper definitive drug therapy not available for treating COVID-19 and most of the disease management tools rely on symptoms and non-specific supportive care, developing a functional paediatric formulation will prevent further deterioration in infant health. It is wise to investigate the toxicological aspects of Functional Foods components especially when formulating for children. The safe limits of ingredients should be strictly followed during FFs formulation. Stronger regulations with advanced analytical techniques can help to formulate functional foods into the mainstream in child nutraceuticals. The purpose of this review is to compile collective information on the functional nutraceuticals specifically for infants and children up to the age of 10 years that could confer immunity against COVID-19 and other related viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Soni
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be) University, Central Campus, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Kuppusamy Alagesan Paari
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be) University, Central Campus, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029 India
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23
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Heriansyah T, Dimiati H, Hadi TF, Umara DA, Riandi LV, Fajri F, Santosa SF, Wihastuti TA, Kumboyono K. Ascorbic Acid vs Calcitriol in Influencing Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Nitric Oxide, Superoxide Dismutase, as Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: In Vivo Study in Atherosclerosis Rat Model. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:139-144. [PMID: 36936550 PMCID: PMC10019521 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s401521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ascorbic acid and calcitriol were frequently utilized in conjunction as therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic, and individuals with minor symptoms had notable improvements. There have been a few studies, often with conflicting findings, that examine the use of them for endothelium restoration and numerous clinical trial studies that failed to establish the efficacy. The aim of this study was to find the efficacy of ascorbic acid compared to calcitriol on the inflammatory markers monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as protective agents which play an important role in the early stages of atherosclerosis formation. This study was an experimental in vivo study. Methods The total of 24 male Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, namely: control/normal group (N), atherosclerosis group (DL) given atherogenic diet, atherosclerosis group given atherogenic diet and ascorbic acid (DLC), and atherosclerosis group given atherogenic diet and calcitriol (DLD) treatment for 30 days. Results Ascorbic acid and calcitriol treatment was significantly effective (P<0.05) in lowering expression of MCP-1 and increasing NO and SOD level. Calcitriol was superior to ascorbic acid in increasing SOD (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between ascorbic acid and calcitriol in decreasing MCP-1 and increasing NO (P>0.05). Discussion Both treatments could reduce MCP-1, and increase NO and SOD by increasing antioxidants. In this study calcitriol was superior to ascorbic acid in increasing SOD, but not NO and decreasing MCP-1. According to the theory, it was found that calcitriol through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) causes a direct increase in the amount of SOD. Nrf2 is an emerging regulator of cellular resistance to oxidants. Conclusion Ascorbic acid and calcitriol treatment was able to reduce MCP-1 and increase NO and SOD in atherosclerosis rat. Calcitriol was significantly superior in increasing SOD levels compared to ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teuku Heriansyah
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Herlina Dimiati
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Tjut Farahiya Hadi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
- Correspondence: Tjut Farahiya Hadi, Email
| | - Dimas Arya Umara
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Lian Varis Riandi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Fauzan Fajri
- Department of Animal Model, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Sukmawan Fajar Santosa
- Integrated Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Titin Andri Wihastuti
- Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Kumboyono Kumboyono
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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24
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. The Role of Vitamin C in Human Immunity and Its Treatment Potential Against COVID-19: A Review Article. Cureus 2023; 15:e33740. [PMID: 36793827 PMCID: PMC9925039 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has left clinicians around the world searching for viable prevention and treatment options to use against the virus. The important physiologic properties of vitamin C have been well documented regarding its use by immune cells and its role as an antioxidant. It has previously shown potential as a prophylactic and treatment option for other respiratory viruses, and because of this, there has been intrigue into whether these positive outcomes translate into a cost-effective prevention and treatment option for COVID-19. To this point, there have only been a few clinical trials performed to assess the validity of this notion, with very few showing definitive positive outcomes when vitamin C has been incorporated into prophylactic or treatment protocols to use against coronavirus. When being used to specifically treat the severe complications that arise from COVID-19, vitamin C is a reliable option to treat COVID-19-induced sepsis but not pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As a treatment option, high-dose therapy has shown flashes of promise in a few studies although investigators in these studies often subject the testing group to multimodal therapies that include vitamin C as opposed to just vitamin C alone. Given the role that vitamin C has shown to uphold regarding the human immune response, it is currently advised for all individuals to maintain a normal physiologic range of plasma vitamin C through diet or supplements for adequate prophylactic protection against the virus. More research with definitive outcomes will be needed before it is recommended to provide high-dose vitamin C therapy to prevent or treat COVID-19.
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Sharun K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Natesan S, Megawati D, Singh KP, Michalak I, Dhama K. A comprehensive review on pharmacologic agents, immunotherapies and supportive therapeutics for COVID-19. NARRA J 2022; 2:e92. [PMID: 38449903 PMCID: PMC10914132 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v2i3.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected many countries throughout the world. As urgency is a necessity, most efforts have focused on identifying small molecule drugs that can be repurposed for use as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Although several drug candidates have been identified using in silico method and in vitro studies, most of these drugs require the support of in vivo data before they can be considered for clinical trials. Several drugs are considered promising therapeutic agents for COVID-19. In addition to the direct-acting antiviral drugs, supportive therapies including traditional Chinese medicine, immunotherapies, immunomodulators, and nutritional therapy could contribute a major role in treating COVID-19 patients. Some of these drugs have already been included in the treatment guidelines, recommendations, and standard operating procedures. In this article, we comprehensively review the approved and potential therapeutic drugs, immune cells-based therapies, immunomodulatory agents/drugs, herbs and plant metabolites, nutritional and dietary for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Mohd I. Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Opp to Airforce station HQ, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dewi Megawati
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Karam P. Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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26
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Cavarretta E, D'Angeli I, Giammarinaro M, Gervasi S, Fanchini M, Causarano A, Costa V, Manara M, Terribili N, Sciarra L, Calò L, Fossati C, Peruzzi M, Versaci F, Carnevale R, Biondi-Zoccai G, Frati G. Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 lockdown in professional football players. Panminerva Med 2022; 64:497-505. [PMID: 33565761 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.21.04340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic with the stay-at-home orders and lockdown has dramatically forced athletes to stop team training and competitions, causing deep changes in habits and lifestyle. Aim of this study was to evaluate in a retrospective single center study the cardiovascular (CV) health and fitness of elite football player after COVID-19 lockdown in Italy and to compare such findings with the 2019 off-season period, in order to identify potential differences in the CV features and outcomes. METHODS All 29 professional football players of the first male team were enrolled before resuming training and competition after COVID-19 lockdown and underwent several exams including physical examination, resting and stress electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, spirometry and blood tests. RESULTS Median age was 27 years (23; 31), with no athlete being COVID-19 positive at the time of the evaluation. In comparison with the usual off-season 2-month detraining, significant differences were found for left ventricular (LV) mass (189 g [172; 212] vs. 181 g [167; 206], P=0.024) and LV Mass Index for body surface area (94 g/m2 [85; 104] vs. 88 g/m2 [79.5; 101.5], P=0.017), while LV mass/fat free mass remained unchanged (2.8 g/kg [2.6; 2.9] vs. 2.9 g/kg [2.6; 3.2], P=0.222). Respiratory function and metabolic profile were improved, while no significant changes were found in ECG findings, at rest and during exercise. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged abstinence from training and competitions induced by lockdown elicited significant changes in comparison with off-season in parameters ascribable to detraining, as the changes in LV mass, in respiratory function and in metabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy -
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy -
| | - Ilaria D'Angeli
- Villa Stuart Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Giammarinaro
- Villa Stuart Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gervasi
- Villa Stuart Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Rome, Italy
- Sports Medicine Unit, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Noemi Terribili
- Villa Stuart Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Sciarra
- Division of Cardiology, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Calò
- Division of Cardiology, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Villa Stuart Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
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27
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Kumar S, S. Moodithaya S, K. A, Kumar Chatterjee P. Micronutrients- The crucial dietary elements in Covid-19 pandemic: A review. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2022. [DOI: 10.51248/.v42i5.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which cause person-to-person transmission, is the pivotal reason for the pandemic outbreak in the year 2020. Infection symptoms include fever, dry cough, lethargy, severe pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, and death. COVID-19 induces a systemic inflammatory reaction that impairs the immune system, commonly known as cytokine release syndrome. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are abundant in COVID-19 sufferers' bodies. COVID-19 has a disproportionate impact on the elderly, both directly and through several comorbidities associated with age. Nutrition is without hesitation, a crucial factor in maintaining good health. Some nutrients are essential for the immune system's health and function, exhibiting synergistic actions in critical immune response steps. Vitamin D, C, and Zinc stand out among these nutrients because they have immunomodulatory properties and help to maintain physical tissue barriers. Considering the viability of the virus, nutrients that boost the immunity henceforth the severity of viral infections declines with improved prognosis become important. As a result, the purpose of this review is to provide a complete outline of vitamins D, C, and zinc's involvement during the immune response towards infection, and to enlighten their commensal action of maintaining physical barriers including integument and mucous membrane. Appropriate vitamin D, C, and zinc consumption may represent a feasible pharmacological intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the high surge in population interaction and the commencement of inflammation.
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28
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Ośko J, Szewczyk A, Berk P, Prokopowicz M, Grembecka M. Assessment of the Mineral Composition and the Selected Physicochemical Parameters of Dietary Supplements Containing Green Tea Extracts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223580. [PMID: 36429172 PMCID: PMC9689700 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the mineral composition as well as the physicochemical quality of green tea-based dietary supplements (capsules and tablets) with respect to average weight, size and shape, friability, breaking force and disintegration time. Products were analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry for Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb and Cd. Approximately 60% of the analysed supplements met the requirements of European and Polish regulations. The dietary supplements passed weight variation tests, but not all products had compliant capsule sizes. One product in tablet form failed the friability test, and eleven dietary supplements in tablet form failed the disintegration test. The supplements were characterised by a varied elemental composition, with the highest values found for Ca, Fe, Zn and Mn. The recommended daily allowance realisation for Fe and Zn in two dietary supplements (capsule form) exceeded 100%. As a result of the estimation of the monthly intake of toxic metals, it was concluded that the tested products do not pose a risk to consumer health. Significant relationships (p < 0.001) were found for K, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The application of factor and cluster analyses allowed the verification of the similarity of green tea extracts contained in dietary supplements to the natural raw material, green tea leaves, used as a reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Ośko
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adrian Szewczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Berk
- Student Scientific Circle at the Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Prokopowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grembecka
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera Avenue 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence:
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29
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Estrada-Luna D, Carreón-Torres E, González-Reyes S, Martínez-Salazar MF, Ortiz-Rodríguez MA, Ramírez-Moreno E, Arias-Rico J, Jiménez-Osorio AS. Nutraceuticals for Complementary Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Perspective from Their Use in COVID-19. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101652. [PMID: 36295088 PMCID: PMC9605437 DOI: 10.3390/life12101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been widely reported in some children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. Clinical signs of MIS-C are manifested at 2 to 4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, where elevated biomarkers of inflammation and cardiac dysfunction are the hallmark of this syndrome when infection or exposure to SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed. However, after two years of acknowledgment, MIS-C treatment is still under research to reach safety and effectiveness in the acute phase in children. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the potential use of natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to reduce collateral damage caused by hyperinflammation in MIS-C pathology for new research in treatment and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Estrada-Luna
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Susana González-Reyes
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Martínez-Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad No. 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - María Araceli Ortiz-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Iztaccíhuatl 100 Col. Los Volcanes, Cuernavaca 62350, Mexico
| | - Esther Ramírez-Moreno
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - José Arias-Rico
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Angélica Saraí Jiménez-Osorio
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hidalgo, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-771-717-2000 (ext. 4323)
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Norton JC, Politis MD, Bimali M, Vyas KS, Bircan E, Nembhard WN, Amick BC, Koturbash I. Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic on Supplement Usage and Its Combination with Self-Medication within the State of Arkansas. J Diet Suppl 2022; 20:171-198. [PMID: 36178162 PMCID: PMC10033323 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2128500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that can lead to severe respiratory distress requiring hospitalization and can be fatal. Media have reported that various dietary supplements (DS) or their combination with different medications can prevent infection or decrease disease severity. Here, we analyzed data collected from 15,830 patient follow-up telephone interviews from the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences COVID-19 testing sites from March 15 to August 1, 2020. Within the REDCap database, we recorded patient demographics and DS and medication use. In total, data on DS and medication use was available for 8,150 study participants, of whom 21.9% and 4.1% reported using DS or medications, respectively, to either prevent or treat COVID-19. The majority of respondents were female (64%) and non-Hispanic whites (44.5%). Most individuals (64.5%) who took DS were younger than 50 years of age. Products such as vitamin C (1,013, 33.2%), multivitamins (722, 23.6%), and vitamin D (294, 9.6%) were the most commonly used DS among the responders. Analysis of the DS use and symptom scores association did not provide a strong evidence of beneficial health effects of DS. The results of this study demonstrate that a significantly higher proportion of study participants considered usage of DS to mitigate or prevent COVID-19-related symptoms compared to those who preferred medications. However, lack of observable health benefits associated with ingestion of DS suggests that more rigorous research is needed to substantiate the label claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Corbin Norton
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman
College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
AR, 72205, USA
| | - Maria D. Politis
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of
Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205,
USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Milan Bimali
- Department of Biostatistics, Fay W. Boozman College of
Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205
USA
| | - Keyur S. Vyas
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal
Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little
Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Emine Bircan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of
Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205,
USA
| | - Wendy N. Nembhard
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of
Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205,
USA
| | - Benjamin C. Amick
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of
Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205,
USA
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman
College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
AR, 72205, USA
- Center for Dietary Supplements Research, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
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Tadbir Vajargah K, Zargarzadeh N, Ebrahimzadeh A, Mousavi SM, Mobasheran P, Mokhtari P, Rahban H, Găman MA, Akhgarjand C, Taghizadeh M, Milajerdi A. Association of fruits, vegetables, and fiber intake with COVID-19 severity and symptoms in hospitalized patients: A cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:934568. [PMID: 36245547 PMCID: PMC9557193 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.934568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fruits and vegetables are rich in fiber and a good source of anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. We investigated the association between fruits, vegetables, and fiber intake and severity of COVID-19 and related symptoms in hospitalized patients. METHODS A total of 250 COVID-19 hospitalized patients aged 18 to 65 years were recruited for this cross-sectional study in Kashan, Iran, between June and September of 2021. Dietary intakes were assessed using an online validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). COVID-19 severity and symptoms were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines. Moreover, we examined COVID-19 symptoms, inflammatory biomarkers, and additional factors. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 44.2 ± 12.1 years, and 46% had severe COVID-19. Patients with higher consumption of fruits (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.14-0.58, P-trend <0.001), vegetables (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.16-0.69, P-trend <0.001), and dietary fiber (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12-0.53, P-trend <0.001) had lower odds of having severe COVID-19. In addition, they had shorter hospitalization and convalescence periods, lower serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and a reduced risk of developing COVID-19 symptoms such as sore throat, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea, myalgia, cough, weakness, fever, and chills. CONCLUSION Higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, and fiber was inversely linked with COVID-19 severity, clinical symptoms, hospitalization and convalescence duration, and CRP concentrations. The results should be interpreted with caution in light of the limitations, and prospective cohort studies are required to further evaluate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikan Zargarzadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Ebrahimzadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnia Mobasheran
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Pari Mokhtari
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Habib Rahban
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation of Southern California, Beverly Hills, CA, United States
- Southern California Medical Education Consortium, Temecula Valley Hospital, Universal Health System, Temecula, CA, United States
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camellia Akhgarjand
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Catalano A, Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Maio ACD, Basile G, Giuzio F, Bonomo MG, Aquaro S, Walsh TJ, Sinicropi MS, Saturnino C, Geronikaki A, Salzano G. Are Nutraceuticals Effective in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Prevention and Treatment? Foods 2022; 11:2884. [PMID: 36141012 PMCID: PMC9498392 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The beginning of the end or the end of the beginning? After two years mastered by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, we are now witnessing a turnaround. The reduction of severe cases and deaths from COVID-19 led to increasing importance of a new disease called post-COVID syndrome. The term post-COVID is used to indicate permanency of symptoms in patients who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Immune, antiviral, antimicrobial therapies, as well as ozone therapy have been used to treat COVID-19 disease. Vaccines have then become available and administered worldwide to prevent the insurgence of the disease. However, the pandemic is not over yet at all given the emergence of new omicron variants. New therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In this view, great interest was found in nutraceutical products, including vitamins (C, D, and E), minerals (zinc), melatonin, probiotics, flavonoids (quercetin), and curcumin. This review summarizes the role of nutraceuticals in the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 disease and post-COVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Azzurra Chiara De Maio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Giovanna Basile
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Federica Giuzio
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Aquaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, VA 23223, USA
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Clerbaux LA, Fillipovska J, Muñoz A, Petrillo M, Coecke S, Amorim MJ, Grenga L. Mechanisms Leading to Gut Dysbiosis in COVID-19: Current Evidence and Uncertainties Based on Adverse Outcome Pathways. J Clin Med 2022; 11:5400. [PMID: 36143044 PMCID: PMC9505288 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration in gut microbiota has been associated with COVID-19. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we outlined three potential interconnected mechanistic pathways leading to gut dysbiosis as an adverse outcome following SARS-CoV-2 presence in the gastrointestinal tract. Evidence from the literature and current uncertainties are reported for each step of the different pathways. One pathway investigates evidence that intestinal infection by SARS-CoV-2 inducing intestinal inflammation alters the gut microbiota. Another pathway links the binding of viral S protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to the dysregulation of this receptor, essential in intestinal homeostasis-notably for amino acid metabolism-leading to gut dysbiosis. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 could induce gut dysbiosis by infecting intestinal bacteria. Assessing current evidence within the Adverse Outcome Pathway framework justifies confidence in the proposed mechanisms to support disease management and permits the identification of inconsistencies and knowledge gaps to orient further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amalia Muñoz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | | | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Maria-Joao Amorim
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oerias, Portugal
- Católica Medical School, Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lucia Grenga
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris-Saclay, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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Bizzoca ME, Leuci S, Mignogna MD, Muzio EL, Caponio VCA, Muzio LL. Natural compounds may contribute in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection: a narrative review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022; 11:1134-1142. [PMID: 38621001 PMCID: PMC9160299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus pandemic infection is the most important health issue worldwide. Coronavirus disease 2019 is a contagious disease characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. To date, excluding the possibility of vaccination, against SARS-CoV-2 infection it is possible to act only with supportive care and non-virus-specific treatments in order to improve the patient's symptoms. Pharmaceutical industry is investigating effects of medicinal plants, phytochemical extracts and aromatic herbs to find out natural substances which may act as antiviral drugs. Several studies have revealed how these substances may interfere with the viral life cycle, viral entry, replication, assembly or discharge, as well as virus-specific host targets or stimulating the host immune system, reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response. A natural compound can be used as a prophylaxis by people professionally exposed to the risk of contagion and/or positive patients not in intensive care. The aim of this paper is to perform a narrative review of current literature in order to summarize the most studied natural compounds and their modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleonora Bizzoca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Stefania Leuci
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Michele Davide Mignogna
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lo Muzio
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
- C.I.N.B.O. (Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Bio-Oncologia), Chieti 66100, Italy
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Dietary supplements and nutraceuticals in the recovery of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. NUTR CLIN METAB 2022; 36:173-181. [PMCID: PMC9288960 DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of nSARS-CoV2 in December 2019 turned into a global pandemic and is still underway. Infection with nSARS-CoV2 resulted in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and was named COVID-19. COVID-19 requires the intervention of a series of therapeutics, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating molecules. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that nutraceuticals offer a promising impact in fast recovery and boosting immunity. Here, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the scientific evidence examining the effectiveness of nutraceuticals. A detailed search of scientific literature was conducted utilizing the most relevant scientific studies published during 2019–2022 on the intervention of nutraceuticals in the management of COVID-19. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scielo databases were explored for the most relevant studies. Meta-analysis was carried out using the MedCalC tool as per PRISMA guidelines for odds ratio among the studies along with risk factor analysis and relative risk. A total of 1,308 original records were identified, where 1,268 studies were collected from different databases, and 40 additional records were obtained from non-pre-defined sources. Odds ratio, risk analysis, and risk difference analysis showed nutraceuticals intervention reported effective (P < 0.001) in COVID-19 patient over control. Nutraceuticals-based interventions had improved immunity, short-term duration, and fast recovery of COVID-19 patients.
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Severino P, D’Amato A, Prosperi S, Myftari V, Labbro Francia A, Önkaya M, Notari C, Papisca I, Canuti ES, Yarden Revivo M, Birtolo LI, Celli P, Galardo G, Maestrini V, d’Ettorre G, Mancone M, Fedele F. The Mutual Relationship among Cardiovascular Diseases and COVID-19: Focus on Micronutrients Imbalance. Nutrients 2022; 14:3439. [PMID: 36014944 PMCID: PMC9416353 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients are ions and vitamins humbly required by the human body. They play a main role in several physiological mechanisms and their imbalance is strongly associated with potentially-fatal complications. Micronutrient imbalance is associated with many cardiovascular diseases, such as arrythmias, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease. It has been also observed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly in most severe patients. The relationship between cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19 is mutual: the latter triggers cardiovascular disease onset and worsening while patients with previous cardiovascular disease may develop a more severe form of COVID-19. In addition to the well-known pathophysiological mechanisms binding COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases together, increasing importance is being given to the impact of micronutrient alterations, often present during COVID-19 and able to affect the balance responsible for a good functioning of the cardiovascular system. In particular, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, and hypocalcemia are strongly associated with worse outcome, while vitamin A and D deficiency are associated with thromboembolic events in COVID-19. Thus, considering how frequent the cardiovascular involvement is in patients with COVID-19, and how it majorly affects their prognosis, this manuscript provides a comprehensive review on the role of micronutrient imbalance in the interconnection between COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Severino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea D’Amato
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Prosperi
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Myftari
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Labbro Francia
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Merve Önkaya
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Notari
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Papisca
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Sofia Canuti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mia Yarden Revivo
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ilaria Birtolo
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Celli
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Galardo
- Medical Emergency Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Mancone
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fedele
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
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S FA, Madhu M, Udaya Kumar V, Dhingra S, Kumar N, Singh S, Ravichandiran V, Murti K. Nutritional Aspects of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: an Insight. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 8:350-364. [PMID: 35966952 PMCID: PMC9362559 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-022-00301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review elaborates the role of malnutrition in PLHIV (people living with HIV) in the context of COVID-19 and emphasis the need of supplementation, dietary intervention, and nutritional counselling in the post-COVID era. One of the most critical challenges among HIV/AIDS patients is malnutrition since it weakens the immune system and increases risk to opportunistic infections. In HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection, weight loss is prevalent due to reduced nutritional consumption, malabsorption, abnormal metabolism, and antiretroviral therapy. Sufficient nutrition is required for optimal immune function, as a result, food therapy is now considered an important adjuvant in the treatment of HIV patients. Recent Findings Nutritional intervention, such as the use of dietary supplements, can help to prevent nutrient deficiency, lowering the death risk among malnourished HIV population. Immunocompromised individuals are at very high risk for COVID-19 and malnutrition increases the risk of infection by multiple folds. Interventions, such as nutrition education and counselling are important, to improve the condition of HIV Patients by optimising their nutritional status. Summary A balanced diet should be one of the most important priorities in preventing PLHIV against the potentially deadly consequences of COVID-19. It is to be ensured that HIV-positive persons continue to get enough and appropriate assistance, such as nutrition and psychological counselling, in the context of COVID-19 infection. The use of telemedicine to maintain nutritional intervention can be beneficial. To meet their nutritional needs and minimise future difficulties, PLHIV infected with COVID-19 should get specialised nutritional education and counselling. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima A. S
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar 844102 India
| | - Maxima Madhu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar 844102 India
| | - V Udaya Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar 844102 India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar 844102 India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar 844102 India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar 844102 India
| | - V. Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar 844102 India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar 844102 India
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Vieira TDC, Pinto VRA, Rocha F, Pires ACDS, Minim VPR, Vidigal MCTR. New insights into perceptions of technology claims in greek-style yogurt: A view in the COVID-19 pandemic. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111822. [PMID: 36192891 PMCID: PMC9419437 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has strongly impacted people's lives and the food industry. In this sense, food products claiming nutritional and health-promoting benefits due to the presence of bioactive peptides and probiotics, such as Greek-style yogurt, have been in demand. The objective of this work was to investigate, through word association, the perception of the consumers regarding the seven concepts related to Greek-style yogurt (traditional, ultra-creamy, zero fat, high content proteins, zero lactose, light and with no added sugars), in the context of social isolation due to Covid-19. In this online survey, 346 participants completed a questionnaire. The participants were divided according to health concerns (increased, not changed, or decreased) and eating habits (improved, not changed, or worsened) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Chi-square and prototypical analysis were used as statistical tests. During the Covid-19 pandemic, based on self-report, around 66% of the participants had their eating habits and their concerns about health changed. The general associations were related to the categories pleasure, health, creamy, pleasant texture, food restriction, and loss of sensory quality. 'Health' and 'pleasure' were negatively associated with the conceptualization of Greek-style yogurt. For the zero-fat, light, and sugar-free Greek-style yogurts, the terms creamy and ultra-creamy are sensory appealing to the consumers. In general, the price and concerns about health are factors that strongly influence the purchase intention of Greek-style yogurts. The yogurts were associated with sensory and non-sensory characteristics, which can be useful for marketing strategies for of different product concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís do Carmo Vieira
- Food Science Department, Federal University of Vicosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, 36570- 900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Rocha
- Food Science Department, Federal University of Vicosa, Peter Henry Rolfs Avenue, 36570- 900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil
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Rossi RE, Chen J, Caplin ME. The Role of Diet and Supplements in the Prevention and Progression of COVID-19: Current Knowledge and Open Issues. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:137-149. [PMID: 35919576 PMCID: PMC9309075 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.2.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy diet and dietary supplements have gained attention as potential co-adjuvants in managing and preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper critically reviews the current evidence regarding the impact of diet and supplements on the prevention and progression of COVID-19. According to available data, a healthy diet and normal weight are considered protective factors. Regarding dietary supplementation, the most robust results from human studies are for vitamin C, which appears to decrease inflammatory markers and suppress cytokine storm. A small, randomized trial showed that a high dose of vitamin D significantly reduced the need for intensive care unit treatment of patients requiring hospitalization for COVID-19. According to retrospective human studies, there is limited evidence for vitamin E and selenium supplements. Animal studies have investigated the effects of green tea and curcumin. Xanthohumol and probiotics, interesting for their antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory properties, need formal clinical study. In summary, there is promising evidence supporting the role of diet and supplements as co-adjuvants in the treatment of COVID-19. Further studies and properly designed clinical trials are necessary to draw more robust conclusions; however, it is not unreasonable to take a pragmatic approach and promote the use of appropriate diet and supplements to counter the effects of COVID-19, ideally with a mechanism to assess outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Elisa Rossi
- Hepatology and Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, MI 20133, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, MI 20122, Italy
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Martyn Evan Caplin
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Nayebi A, Navashenaq JG, Soleimani D, Nachvak SM. Probiotic supplementation: A prospective approach in the treatment of COVID-19. Nutr Health 2022; 28:163-175. [PMID: 34747257 PMCID: PMC9160438 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211049631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Despite strategies based on social distancing, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) expands globally, and so far, many attempts have been made to achieve effective treatment for patients with COVID-19. This disease infects the lower respiratory tract and may lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). COVID-19 also can cause gastrointestinal infections. Therefore, COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms are more likely to be complicated by SARS-CoV. In this disease, acquired immune responses are impaired, and uncontrolled inflammatory responses result in cytokine storms, leading to acute lung injury and thrombus formation. Probiotics are living microorganisms that contribute to the health of the host if administered in appropriate doses. Aim: This study aimed to provide evidence to show the importance of gut dysbiosis in viral disease, especially COVID-19. Therefore, we have focused on the impact of probiotics consumption on preventing severe symptoms of the disease. Methods: We have entirely searched SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases to collect evidence regarding the relationship between probiotics and viral infections to expand this relationship to the COVID-19. Results: It has been shown that probiotics directly counteract SARS-CoV in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Moreover, probiotics suppress severe immune responses and prevent cytokine storms to inhibit pathologic inflammatory conditions in the body via modulation of immune responses. Conclusion: According to available evidence based on their antiviral and respiratory activities, using probiotics might be an adjuvant therapy to reduce the burden and severity of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Nayebi
- Student Research Committee, Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Davood Soleimani
- Student Research Committee, Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Student Research Committee, Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Brahmi F, Vejux A, Ghzaiel I, Ksila M, Zarrouk A, Ghrairi T, Essadek S, Mandard S, Leoni V, Poli G, Vervandier-Fasseur D, Kharoubi O, El Midaoui A, Atanasov AG, Meziane S, Latruffe N, Nasser B, Bouhaouala-Zahar B, Masmoudi-Kouki O, Madani K, Boulekbache-Makhlouf L, Lizard G. Role of Diet and Nutrients in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Incidence on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Status and Viral Production. Nutrients 2022; 14:2194. [PMID: 35683996 PMCID: PMC9182601 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus illness (COVID-19) is an infectious pathology generated by intense severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This infectious disease has emerged in 2019. The COVID-19-associated pandemic has considerably affected the way of life and the economy in the world. It is consequently crucial to find solutions allowing remedying or alleviating the effects of this infectious disease. Natural products have been in perpetual application from immemorial time given that they are attested to be efficient towards several illnesses without major side effects. Various studies have shown that plant extracts or purified molecules have a promising inhibiting impact towards coronavirus. In addition, it is substantial to understand the characteristics, susceptibility and impact of diet on patients infected with COVID-19. In this review, we recapitulate the influence of extracts or pure molecules from medicinal plants on COVID-19. We approach the possibilities of plant treatment/co-treatment and feeding applied to COVID-19. We also show coronavirus susceptibility and complications associated with nutrient deficiencies and then discuss the major food groups efficient on COVID-19 pathogenesis. Then, we covered emerging technologies using plant-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We conclude by giving nutrient and plants curative therapy recommendations which are of potential interest in the COVID-19 infection and could pave the way for pharmacological treatments or co-treatments of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Brahmi
- Laboratory Biomathématique, Biochimie, Biophysique et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (K.M.); (L.B.-M.)
| | - Anne Vejux
- Department of Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.V.); (I.G.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (N.L.)
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Department of Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.V.); (I.G.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (N.L.)
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, University Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Mohamed Ksila
- Department of Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.V.); (I.G.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (N.L.)
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (T.G.); (O.M.-K.)
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutrition-Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, University Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (T.G.); (O.M.-K.)
| | - Soukena Essadek
- Department of Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.V.); (I.G.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (N.L.)
- Laboratory Neuroscience and Biochemistry, University of Hassan 1st, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Stéphane Mandard
- Lipness Team and LipSTIC LabEx, UFR Sciences de Santé, INSERM/University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté LNC UMR1231, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Brianza ASST-Brianza, Desio Hospital, Via Mazzini 1, 20833 Desio, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano (Turin), Italy;
| | - Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur
- Team OCS, Institute of Molecular Chemistry of University of Burgundy (ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Omar Kharoubi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biotoxicology, Biodepollution and Phytoremediation, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University Oran 1 ABB, Oran 31000, Algeria;
| | - Adil El Midaoui
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;
| | - Smail Meziane
- Institut Européen des Antioxydants, 1b Rue Victor de Lespinats, 54230 Neuves-Maison, France;
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Department of Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.V.); (I.G.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (N.L.)
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory Neuroscience and Biochemistry, University of Hassan 1st, Settat 26000, Morocco;
| | - Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia;
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (T.G.); (O.M.-K.)
| | - Khodir Madani
- Laboratory Biomathématique, Biochimie, Biophysique et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (K.M.); (L.B.-M.)
- Centre de Recherche en Technologie des Industries Agroalimentaires, Route de Targua Ouzemour, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf
- Laboratory Biomathématique, Biochimie, Biophysique et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (K.M.); (L.B.-M.)
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Department of Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.V.); (I.G.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (N.L.)
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Wang B, Zhang L, Wang Y, Dai T, Qin Z, Zhou F, Zhang L. Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID-19: potential mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:143. [PMID: 35487886 PMCID: PMC9052735 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently ongoing. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A high proportion of COVID-19 patients exhibit gastrointestinal manifestations such as diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. Moreover, the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are the primary habitats of human microbiota and targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection as they express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) at high levels. There is accumulating evidence that the microbiota are significantly altered in patients with COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). Microbiota are powerful immunomodulatory factors in various human diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, cancers, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and certain viral infections. In the present review, we explore the associations between host microbiota and COVID-19 in terms of their clinical relevance. Microbiota-derived metabolites or components are the main mediators of microbiota-host interactions that influence host immunity. Hence, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which microbiota-derived metabolites or components modulate the host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we review and discuss a variety of possible microbiota-based prophylaxes and therapies for COVID-19 and PACS, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, prebiotics, microbiota-derived metabolites, and engineered symbiotic bacteria. This treatment strategy could modulate host microbiota and mitigate virus-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, 325200, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Tong Dai
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, 325200, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Ziran Qin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, 325200, Suzhou, PR China.
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Wiegers C, van de Burgwal LHM, Larsen OFA. Probiotics for the Management of Infectious Diseases: Reviewing the State of the Art. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:877142. [PMID: 35572661 PMCID: PMC9096241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.877142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide insight into the potential of probiotics as a clinical modality targeted at infectious diseases by creating a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of research and development efforts as shown by patents and clinical trials of the past 20 years. Data were retrieved from patent and clinical trial databases to reflect the long- and short-term developments of probiotics research. The data were analyzed to extract information on the total number of patents and trials for each indication, application date and location, and applicant/sponsor type. A total of 80 infectious diseases were investigated, precipitating in 789 patents and 602 clinical trials for 67 indications studied as targets of probiotics. An increasing trend was seen for the number of patents and clinical trials that were applied for since 1999 with the highest number of patents and clinical trials targeted to digestive tract, respiratory, and urogenital indications. Overall, research demonstrated a substantial interest in probiotics targeting infectious diseases, which was in line with reported unmet needs and global probiotics sales estimates. However, the declining rate of translation from patents to clinical trials indicates that there are some barriers obstructing the research process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cato Wiegers
- Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Functional Foods. Foods 2022; 11:foods11081107. [PMID: 35454694 PMCID: PMC9030530 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a tree cultivated originally in northern India, whose ancient use as a medicine has demonstrated its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Due to its richness in minerals and macronutrients, the antioxidant capacity and the mineral bioaccesibility were assessed. In addition, the chemical composition, amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral content were also evaluated. The performed analysis reported a high content of proteins and low content of lipids in the chemical composition. Regarding the mineral content, Ca and Fe presented high bioaccessibility; K, S, Ca, and Fe being the most concentrated elements. The obtained values using FRAP, ABTS, and ORAC methods showed high antioxidant capacity, directly related to the increased content of phenolic compounds. In view of the results, Moringa oleifera can be incorporated into the diet as a functional ingredient or as a fortifier of any kind of food. The important source of minerals, phenolics, proteins, unsaturated fats, and folates make it an excellent extract with beneficial properties.
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Mukherjee PK, Efferth T, Das B, Kar A, Ghosh S, Singha S, Debnath P, Sharma N, Bhardwaj PK, Haldar PK. Role of medicinal plants in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 and in the management of post-COVID-19 complications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153930. [PMID: 35114450 PMCID: PMC8730822 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide corona virus disease outbreak, generally known as COVID-19 pandemic outbreak resulted in a major health crisis globally. The morbidity and transmission modality of COVID-19 appear more severe and uncontrollable. The respiratory failure and following cardiovascular complications are the main pathophysiology of this deadly disease. Several therapeutic strategies are put forward for the development of safe and effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2 virus from the pharmacological view point but till date there are no specific treatment regimen developed for this viral infection. PURPOSE The present review emphasizes the role of herbs and herbs-derived secondary metabolites in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 virus and also for the management of post-COVID-19 related complications. This approach will foster and ensure the safeguards of using medicinal plant resources to support the healthcare system. Plant-derived phytochemicals have already been reported to prevent the viral infection and to overcome the post-COVID complications like parkinsonism, kidney and heart failure, liver and lungs injury and mental problems. In this review, we explored mechanistic approaches of herbal medicines and their phytocomponenets as antiviral and post-COVID complications by modulating the immunological and inflammatory states. STUDY DESIGN Studies related to diagnosis and treatment guidelines issued for COVID-19 by different traditional system of medicine were included. The information was gathered from pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions approaches. The gathered information sorted based on therapeutic application of herbs and their components against SARSCoV-2 and COVID-19 related complications. METHODS A systemic search of published literature was conducted from 2003 to 2021 using different literature database like Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science to emphasize relevant articles on medicinal plants against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and Post-COVID related complications. RESULTS Collected published literature from 2003 onwards yielded with total 625 articles, from more than 18 countries. Among these 625 articles, more than 95 medicinal plants and 25 active phytomolecules belong to 48 plant families. Reports on the therapeutic activity of the medicinal plants belong to the Lamiaceae family (11 reports), which was found to be maximum reported from 4 different countries including India, China, Australia, and Morocco. Other reports on the medicinal plant of Asteraceae (7 reports), Fabaceae (8 reports), Piperaceae (3 reports), Zingiberaceae (3 reports), Ranunculaceae (3 reports), Meliaceae (4 reports) were found, which can be explored for the development of safe and efficacious products targeting COVID-19. CONCLUSION Keeping in mind that the natural alternatives are in the priority for the management and prevention of the COVID-19, the present review may help to develop an alternative approach for the management of COVID-19 viral infection and post-COVID complications from a mechanistic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulok K Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India; School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bhaskar Das
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Amit Kar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | - Suparna Ghosh
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Seha Singha
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Pradip Debnath
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | | | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
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Zhao S, Feng P, Meng W, Jin W, Li X, Li X. Modulated Gut Microbiota for Potential COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:811176. [PMID: 35308540 PMCID: PMC8927624 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.811176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has gained global attention. SARS-CoV-2 identifies and invades human cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, which is highly expressed both in lung tissues and intestinal epithelial cells. The existence of the gut-lung axis in disease could be profoundly important for both disease etiology and treatment. Furthermore, several studies reported that infected patients suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms. The gut microbiota has a noteworthy effect on the intestinal barrier and affects many aspects of human health, including immunity, metabolism, and the prevention of several diseases. This review highlights the function of the gut microbiota in the host's immune response, providing a novel potential strategy through the use of probiotics, gut microbiota metabolites, and dietary products to enhance the gut microbiota as a target for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Intersection Laboratory of Life Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengya Feng
- Intersection Laboratory of Life Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Intersection Laboratory of Life Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Altooq N, Humood A, Alajaimi A, Alenezi AF, Janahi M, AlHaj O, Jahrami H. The role of micronutrients in the management of COIVD-19 and optimizing vaccine efficacy. HUMAN NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2022; 27:200141. [PMID: 38620928 PMCID: PMC8788090 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2022.200141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Since COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic, a race between researchers has begun to deeply examine the mechanism of the virus and how to combat it. Few clinical investigations and studies have paid attention to the role of micronutrients in the disease's course and how it may affect the disease outcomes. Micronutrients have a noticeable effect on the host immune system regulation, as well as micronutrients insufficiencies where they can affect the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 by, for example, altering the production and the function of the inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IFN-α, TNF and interleukins. Recent studies have shown that low levels of vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin A, zinc, selenium, copper and magnesium have a great clinical impact on COVID-19 patients, where, they are linked to prolong hospital stay, increase the mortality rate and raise the complications rate related not only to the respiratory system but also to the other systems. Optimizing the need for these micronutrients will act as a productive factor by decreasing the incidence of COVID-19 infection, lowering the rate of complications, and improving the disease prognosis and outcomes. Optimal micro-nutrition supports and contributes to the efficiency of COVID-19 vaccine. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of different micronutrients in the management of COVID-19 and optimizing vaccines, and to revile the clinical effects of micronutrients deficiencies on patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Altooq
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ali Humood
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ahmed Alajaimi
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ahmad F Alenezi
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Mohamed Janahi
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Omar AlHaj
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
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Chavda VP, Patel AB, Vihol D, Vaghasiya DD, Ahmed KMSB, Trivedi KU, Dave DJ. Herbal Remedies, Nutraceuticals, and Dietary Supplements for COVID-19 Management: An Update. CLINICAL COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 2:100021. [PMID: 36620357 PMCID: PMC8816850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccmp.2022.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the world is facing a Coronavirus pandemic with a grave deficiency of specific therapy for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Moreover, scientists attempt to discover the most refined approach to prevent this condition. Regarding COVID-19 infection, herbal medicines with immunomodulatory effects may offer patients a promising preventive treatment option. Several ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are effective during this worrisome Coronavirus pandemic i.e. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers, Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Curcuma longa L. etc. TCM was shown to be utilized with over 90% efficacy when the COVID-19 pandemic broke out in early 2020. In addition to herbal treatments and nutraceutical drugs, dietary supplements such as vitamins and amino acid derivatives also play a significant part in COVID-19 management. Diet can assist in regulating inflammation, while nutraceuticals can aid in the prevention of viral invasion. Functional amino acids (e.g., arginine, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, taurine, and tryptophan) and glutathione, which are all abundant in animal-sourced foodstuffs, are crucial for optimum immunity and health in humans and animals. The goal of this article is to thoroughly evaluate recent statistics on the effectiveness of herbal medicines in COVID-19, the antiviral activity of nutraceuticals, and the significance of these results in creating dietary supplements that would enhance innate immunity and contribute as preventive measures against severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharm. Technology, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhinagar 382023, Gujarat, India
| | - Aayushi B Patel
- Pharmacy Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Disha Vihol
- Pharmacy Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Darsh D Vaghasiya
- Pharmacy Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Kushal U Trivedi
- Pharmacy Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Divyang J Dave
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharm. Technology, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhinagar 382023, Gujarat, India
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Foolchand A, Ghazi T, Chuturgoon AA. Malnutrition and Dietary Habits Alter the Immune System Which May Consequently Influence SARS-CoV-2 Virulence: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2654. [PMID: 35269795 PMCID: PMC8910702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a major pandemic that the world is fighting. SARS-CoV-2 primarily causes lung infection by attaching to the ACE2 receptor on the alveolar epithelial cells. However, the ACE2 receptor is also present in intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting a link between nutrition, virulence and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Respiratory viral infections perturb the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is shaped by our diet; therefore, a healthy gut is important for optimal metabolism, immunology and protection of the host. Malnutrition causes diverse changes in the immune system by repressing immune responses and enhancing viral vulnerability. Thus, improving gut health with a high-quality, nutrient-filled diet will improve immunity against infections and diseases. This review emphasizes the significance of dietary choices and its subsequent effects on the immune system, which may potentially impact SARS-CoV-2 vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (A.F.); (T.G.)
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Matteucci A, Bonanni M, Versaci F, Frati G, Peruzzi M, Sangiorgi G, Biondi-Zoccai G, Massaro G. Cardiovascular medicine: a year in review. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2022; 70:40-55. [PMID: 34713681 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.21.05816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular medicine is facing several challenges in the current era, dominated by the rapid spread of a previously unknown virus around the world. Indeed, the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic set the course of cardiovascular science and education in an extraordinary way, hogging the attention of the medical community. Notably, while COVID-19 impacted research progress, there has been considerable effort in exploring topics of great interest, from the management of acute coronary syndromes to new horizons in the treatment of heart failure, from novelties in the surgical treatment of cardiovascular disease to new data on implantable cardiac devices, and from new diagnostic applications of multimodal imaging techniques to relevant basic science findings. Minerva Cardiology and Angiology, formerly Minerva Cardioangiologica, has strived to inform its readers on these topics and novelties, aiming for a succinct yet poignant melding of timeliness and accuracy. Accordingly, the purpose of this narrative review is to highlight and summarize the major research and review articles published during 2020. In particular, we provide a broad overview of the novelties identifying six major areas of interest in the field of cardiovascular sciences in which new evidences have contributed to improving prevention, diagnosis and treatment of heart and vessels diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Matteucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Michela Bonanni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Versaci
- Unit of Intensive Care, Hemodynamics, and Cardiology, S. Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome
- IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sangiorgi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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