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Imkome EU. The double burden of stressful life events among professional nurses: public mass shootings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2025; 20:2504477. [PMID: 40382672 PMCID: PMC12086904 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2025.2504477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores nurses' experiences amid the dual challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and public mass shootings, highlighting the emotional and professional strains they faced while providing care in crisis situations. METHODS This qualitative study used semi-structured, in-depth interviews with a sample of 16 nurses caring for patients who were either injured during a public mass shooting or were infected with COVID-19. The participants were selected through purposeful sampling. Thematic analysis was undertaken, and themes derived from structural understanding illuminated nurses' perceptions of patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Qualitative data analysis revealed five main themes: stressful life events, flashbulb memories, service-oriented mindsets, team collaboration keys, and professional needs. The theoretical interpretation points to multidimensional perceptions of nurses and the need to confirm these perceptions and reconcile them with the psychological impact of stressful life events, making future adjustments and adaptations possible. These results build upon our previous work, first presented as a preprint, which highlighted initial themes and set the foundation for this expanded analysis. CONCLUSIONS The study underscores how crises impact nurses' perceptions, highlighting the need for improved support, teamwork, and ongoing training to address their psychological needs during emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ek-Uma Imkome
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Thammasat University, Klong-luang, Pratumtane, Thailand
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Bruyneel A, Dello S, Dauvergne JE, Kohnen D, Sermeus W. Prevalence and risk factors for burnout, missed nursing care, and intention-to-leave the job among intensive care unit and general ward nurses: A cross-sectional study across six European countries in the COVID-19 era. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2025; 86:103885. [PMID: 39522308 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the prevalence of burnout, missed nursing care, and intention-to-leave the job among nurses working in general care units and intensive care units (ICUs), and to analyse the risk factors for these outcomes between the two groups. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study involving online surveys of nurses at participating hospitals conducted between November 2020 and July 2021 as part of the Magnet4Europe initiative. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample was recruited, consisting of 67 acute care hospitals in 6 countries: Belgium, England, Germany, Ireland, Norway, and Sweden. In total, data for 1,150 ICU nurses and 5,145 general ward nurses (1,901 from surgical wards and 3,250 from medical wards) were analysed. RESULTS The prevalence of burnout was significantly lower among nurses in ICUs (27.1 % vs. 30.3 %), missed care from care was significantly less frequent (65.5 % vs. 75.4 %), while intention-to-leave was similar (28.1 % vs. 29.2 %) compared with nurses in general wards. Nurses working in a better work environment and with lower workloads had statistically significant lower rates of burnout and intention-to-leave their job compared to those working in a poorer work environment and with higher workloads. Country-specific analysis showed a higher burnout rate and the intention-to-leave the job for nurses working in Germany, Ireland, Scandinavia, and the England compared to Belgium. CONCLUSIONS ICU nurses did not have a higher risk of burnout and had significantly lower risks of missing care and intention-to-leave, compared to nurses in general wards. A better work environment and lower perceived workload were consistently associated with reduced risks for all outcomes studied. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE National policies should prioritize creating healthy work environments, reducing workloads, and addressing country-specific challenges to lower burnout rates, minimize missed care, and decrease the intention to leave the job among ICU and general ward nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bruyneel
- Health Economics, Hospital Management and Nursing Research Dept, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Simon Dello
- Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok D bus 7001, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jérôme E Dauvergne
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care at Laënnec Hospital, University Hospital of Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Dorothea Kohnen
- Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok D bus 7001, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Walter Sermeus
- Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 blok D bus 7001, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Johnson W, Searby A, Alexander L. Can Emotionally Intelligent Mental Health Nurse Leaders Influence Workforce Sustainability? A Scoping Review. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2025; 34:e13487. [PMID: 39710629 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024]
Abstract
Due to a global shortage of nursing staff, there is renewed attention on the impact of leadership and management styles on the sustainability of the nursing workforce. Emotional intelligence (EI), the ability to manage both your own emotions and to perceive and understand the emotions of others, has been implicated as a nursing management style impacting reduced turnover and greater nurse wellbeing. Despite these promising findings, there is a dearth of research on the role of emotionally intelligent leadership on the retention of mental health nurses. This scoping review aimed to (1) explore whether the findings from EI leadership in general nursing settings can be contextualised to mental health nurse leaders and (2) whether emotional intelligent leadership can influence the retention of mental health nurses. We used Arksey and O'Malley's framework to conduct this scoping review, locating 987 papers in our initial search. After screening, 30 papers remained; most methodologies were quantitative (n = 20), followed by qualitative (n = 8) and mixed methods (n = 2). This review found that while this concept has been studied extensively in the general nursing context, there is a lack of research into EI as a leadership style in mental health nursing. Where EI was the dominant leadership style, turnover intention was lower. However, despite showing promise in other settings, because of distinct differences between nursing contexts and workforce characteristics, it is difficult to state that emotionally intelligent leadership would be effective in mental health settings. There is therefore an urgent need identified to explore leadership styles in mental health settings to determine whether they impact retention and turnover, which will have significant implications for organisations, staff and consumers. We recommend that mental health nurse leaders be provided with EI training and education to ensure that they are equipped to provide the necessary support and leadership to sustain and grow the mental health nursing workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Johnson
- Alfred Mental & Addiction Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam Searby
- Monash University School of Nursing & Midwifery, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Alexander
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Kim SA, Kim SR, Kim HY. Effect of positive psychological capital on burnout in public hospital nurses: Mediating effect of compassion fatigue is greater than compassion satisfaction. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2024; 21:e12627. [PMID: 39291601 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM Although relationships among positive psychological capital (PsyCap), compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout have been reported, causal relationships among these variables have not been identified. This study examined the influence of positive PsyCap on burnout and confirmed the mediating effects of compassion fatigue and satisfaction among public hospital nurses. METHODS This study adopted a correlational cross-sectional design. We recruited 237 nurses working at a public hospital, using convenience sampling. RESULTS The fit of the hypothetical model was adequate. Positive PsyCap directly affected compassion fatigue and satisfaction, and burnout. It had an indirect effect on burnout. Compassion fatigue and satisfaction directly affect burnout. This finding indicates that compassion fatigue and satisfaction partially mediate between positive PsyCap and burnout. In addition, the mediating effect of compassion fatigue was greater than that of compassion satisfaction on the relationship between positive PsyCap and burnout. Finally, positive PsyCap, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction explained 70.4% of the total variance in burnout scores. The effect size (f2) was 2.38 (large effect size). CONCLUSIONS Burnout should be assessed with positive PsyCap, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction among public hospital nurses. Given that the mediating effect of compassion fatigue was greater than that of compassion satisfaction, interventions for compassion fatigue may be a strategy to reduce burnout, especially among public hospital nurses with low levels of positive PsyCap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Ah Kim
- Department of Nursing, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Reul Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nursing Research, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Salas-Bergüés V, Pereira-Sánchez M, Martín-Martín J, Olano-Lizarraga M. Development of burnout and moral distress in intensive care nurses: An integrative literature review. ENFERMERIA INTENSIVA 2024; 35:376-409. [PMID: 39025685 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfie.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To describe, through an integrative literature review, the factors contributing to the development of burnout and moral distress in nursing professionals working in intensive care units and to identify the assessment tools used most frequently to assess burnout and moral distress. METHODS An integrative literature review was carried out. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SciELO, Dialnet, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were reviewed from January 2012 to February 2023. Additionally, snowball sampling was used. The results were analysed by using integrative synthesis, as proposed by Whittemore et al., the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for literature reviews, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines for quantitative observational studies, and the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for qualitative research were used to evaluate evidence quality. RESULTS Forty-one articles were selected for review: 36 were cross-sectional descriptive articles, and five were literature reviews. The articles were grouped into five-factor categories: 1) personal factors, 2) organisational factors, 3) labour relations factors, 4) end-of-life care factors, and 5) factors related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and the Moral Distress Survey-Revised instruments were the most commonly used to measure burnout and moral distress. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the multiple personal, organisational, relational, situational, and end-of-life factors promoting burnout and moral distress among critical care nurses. Interventions in these areas are necessary to achieve nurses' job satisfaction and retention while improving nurses' quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Salas-Bergüés
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Intensive Care Unit, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Pereira-Sánchez
- Universidad de Navarra, School of Nursing, Department of Nursing Care for Adult Patients, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, ICCP-UNAV (Innovation for a Person-Centred Care Research Group), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Martín-Martín
- Universidad de Navarra, School of Nursing, Department of Nursing Care for Adult Patients, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - M Olano-Lizarraga
- Universidad de Navarra, School of Nursing, Department of Nursing Care for Adult Patients, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, ICCP-UNAV (Innovation for a Person-Centred Care Research Group), Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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Masoumi B, Heydari F, Boroumand AB, Nasr Isfahani M, Izadi Dastgerdi E, Fereidouni Golsefidi A. Personality Factors Associated with Burnout in the Nursing Profession during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Adv Biomed Res 2024; 13:53. [PMID: 39411704 PMCID: PMC11478782 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_156_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational burnout in a pandemic situation occurs faster for some people than others. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between personality traits and occupational burnout in nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2021. This was carried out on 299 nursing professionals who were taking care of COVID-19 cases. Occupational burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and personality variables were evaluated using the NEO fivefactor inventory. Results Finally, 299 nurses with a mean age of 35.49 ± 8.80 years participated in the study, of which 74.9% were women and 77.3% were married. The mean scores of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA) subscales were 20.44 ± 11.52, 8.75 ± 4.10, and 27.66 ± 5.92, respectively. High and medium DP and EE levels were reported in 75.2% and 54.9% of the nurses and high PA level was found in 87.6%. There were significant differences in job satisfaction and work experience for all burnout subscales scores. DP and EE subscales had a positive relationship with neuroticism and a negative correlation with extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The PA subscale showed a statistically significant positive relationship with extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Conclusions The prevalence of burnout among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic was moderate to high. The five personality characteristics were significantly associated with burnout in nurses and have a key role in developing burnout syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Masoumi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farhad Heydari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Bahador Boroumand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nasr Isfahani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Izadi Dastgerdi
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Isfahan, University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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Wang S, Luo G, Ding X, Ma X, Yang F, Zhang M, Sun G, Wang F, Zhu L, Wang S, Li Z. Factors associated with burnout among frontline nurses in the post-COVID-19 epidemic era: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:688. [PMID: 38438971 PMCID: PMC10913257 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the risk of burnout among frontline nurses. However, the prevalence of burnout and its associated factors in the post-pandemic era remain unclear. This research aims to investigate burnout prevalence among frontline nurses in the post-pandemic period and pinpoint associated determinants in China. METHODS From April to July 2023, a cross-sectional study was carried out across multiple centers, focusing on frontline nurses who had been actively involved in the COVID-19 pandemic. The data collection was done via an online platform. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey was utilized to evaluate symptoms of burnout. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to pinpoint factors associated with burnout. RESULTS Of the 2210 frontline nurses who participated, 75.38% scored over the cut-off for burnout. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that factors like being female [odds ratio (OR) = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.29-0.58] and exercising 1-2 times weekly[OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.42-0.67] were protective factors against burnout. Conversely, having 10 or more night shifts per month[OR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.39-2.84], holding a master's degree or higher[OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.59-5.15], poor health status[OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.93-3.08] and [OR = 2.82, 95%CI = 1.80-4.43], under virus infection[OR = 7.12, 95%CI = 2.10-24.17], and elevated work-related stress[OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.17-2.00] were all associated with an elevated risk of burnout. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that post-pandemic burnout among frontline nurses is influenced by several factors, including gender, monthly night shift frequency, academic qualifications, weekly exercise frequency, health condition, and viral infection history. These insights can inform interventions aimed at safeguarding the mental well-being of frontline nurses in the post-pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China.
| | - Guoshuai Luo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - XiangQian Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuelu Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Mengen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
| | - Guangxin Sun
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Ya'an People's Hospital, Sichuan University, Yaan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongyou Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, China
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Rizzo A, Yıldırım M, Öztekin GG, Carlo AD, Nucera G, Szarpak Ł, Zaffina S, Chirico F. Nurse burnout before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic comparative review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1225431. [PMID: 37732086 PMCID: PMC10507882 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1225431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This review aimed to compare available evidence examining burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) in nurses before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The specific objective was to compare nurse burnout scores in terms of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted for studies on nurses' burnout using the MBI published between 1994 and 2022. In total, 19 studies conducted prior to the pandemic and 16 studies conducted during the pandemic were included and compared using the criteria from the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Results Surprisingly, the results indicated that nurses' burnout scores did not differ significantly before (N = 59,111) and during (N = 18,629) the pandemic. The difference observed was qualitative rather than quantitative. Discussion The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated an already critical situation, and while COVID-19 may serve as an additional triggering factor for staff mental illness, it cannot solely explain the observed burnout levels. These findings underscore the need for long-term clinical and preventive psychological interventions, suggesting that psychological resources should not be limited to emergencies but extended to address the ongoing challenges faced by nurses. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=399628, identifier: CRD42023399628.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Rizzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Türkiye
| | - Gülçin Güler Öztekin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Türkiye
| | - Alessandro De Carlo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nucera
- Department of Emergency, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli and Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Łukasz Szarpak
- Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland
- Research Unit, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland
- Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Salvatore Zaffina
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Scientific Institutes for Research and Care (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Chirico
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Health Service Department, Italian State Police, Ministry of the Interior, Centro Sanitario Polifunzionale, Milan, Italy
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Susanti RD, Yudianto K, Mulyana AM, Amalia IN. A Systematic Scoping Review of Motivations and Barriers in COVID-19 Volunteering Among Health Students: The Potential for Future Pandemic Volunteers. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:1671-1681. [PMID: 37350985 PMCID: PMC10284154 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s411896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The high number of cases of COVID-19 has caused an increase in workload and a shortage of medical personnel in various countries, so volunteers are needed, such as health students. However, becoming a volunteer during a pandemic is influenced by motivational factors and barriers. Purpose This study aims to identify the motivations and barriers of health students as COVID-19 volunteers. Methods This study uses a systematic scoping review. A literature review was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The study was eligible for inclusion if it included articles published from 2020 to 2022, full-text, and primary studies. Studies were excluded if they were not in English. The keywords used in English were "health students OR nursing students OR medical students" AND "motivation OR willingness" AND "Barriers" AND "volunteer OR volunteering OR volunteerism OR voluntary" AND "COVID-19 OR covid-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR COVID-19 pandemic". Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal tool. Results We found 12 articles showing motivational factors and barriers among health students volunteering to control COVID-19. Motivational factors include domain values, understanding, enhancement, career, incentive, government, social, and demographics. In contrast, barriers include fear, lack of training and knowledge, PPE shortage, unpreparedness and role uncertainty, and lack of interest, support, and protection. Conclusion Our findings highlight that eight motivational factors and seven barriers influence health students' involvement in COVID-19 volunteering. However, to optimize the potential of health students, further preparation is essential to ensure that students can volunteer effectively, such as integrating volunteer training programs into the curriculum in preparation for future pandemic mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raini Diah Susanti
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Kurniawan Yudianto
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Aep Maulid Mulyana
- Professional Nursing Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ismah Nur Amalia
- Professional Nursing Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
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Baudewyns V, Bruyneel A, Smith P, Servotte J, Dancot J. Prevalence and factors associated with academic burnout risk among nursing and midwifery students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Open 2023; 10:3232-3242. [PMID: 36565163 PMCID: PMC9880668 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of academic burnout (AB) and its associated factors among nursing and midwifery students during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN A correlational cross-sectional study. METHODS An online survey was distributed from November to December 2020 to nursing and midwifery students in Belgium. The risk of AB was assessed using the MBI-SS Academic Burnout Inventory scale. Factors associated with AB were related to the personal life and level of education of the student and to the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS The prevalence of overall AB risk was 50.0% (95% CI 48.5-53.1). Factors significantly associated with higher risk of AB were having a child, having a job, the level of academic training, working overtime, insufficient personal protective equipment against viral contamination during the last internship, work overload due to the pandemic, personal proven or possible SARS-CoV-2 infection and having a relative who died related to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Baudewyns
- Nursing Department, Haute Ecole GaliléeBrusselsBelgium
- Health Department, Haute Ecole Libre de Bruxelles – Ilya PrigogineBrusselsBelgium
- Research Center for Health Economics, Management of Health Care Institutions and Nursing Sciences (CREGISI),School of Public Health, Université Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Arnaud Bruyneel
- Health Department, Hospital Management and Nursing Research Department, School of Public Health, Université Libre de BruxellesSciensanoBrusselsBelgium
| | - Pierre Smith
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS)Université Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
- Department of Epidemiology and public healthSciensanoBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Jacinthe Dancot
- Nursing Department, Haute Ecole Robert SchumanBelgium
- Department of Public HealthUniversité de LiègeLiegeBelgium
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Majid U, Hussain SAS, Zahid A, Haider MH, Arora R. Mental health outcomes in health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: an umbrella review. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad025. [PMID: 37067168 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As we head into the third year of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increasing need to consider the long-term mental health outcomes of health care workers (HCWs) who have experienced overwhelming work pressure, economic and social deprivation, burnout, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This scoping umbrella review summarizes the mental health outcomes of published evidence syntheses on HCWs worldwide. We analyzed 39 evidence syntheses representing the findings from 1297 primary studies. We found several persistent fears and concerns (job-related fears, fear of stigmatization, worries about the pandemic, and infection-related fears) that shaped HCW experiences in delivering health care. We also describe several risk factors (job-related, social factors, poor physical and mental health, and inadequate coping strategies) and protective factors (individual and external factors). This is the first scoping umbrella review comprehensively documenting the various risk and protective factors that HCWs have faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. HCWs continue to fear the risk that they may infect their family and friends since they regularly interact with COVID-19 patients. This places HCWs in a precarious situation requiring them to balance risk to their family and friends and potential social deprivation from isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Majid
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Methodologists (TMT) Corp. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anas Zahid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azra Naheed Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ritika Arora
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Mao X, Lin X, Liu P, Zhang J, Deng W, Li Z, Hou T, Dong W. Impact of Insomnia on Burnout Among Chinese Nurses Under the Regular COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control: Parallel Mediating Effects of Anxiety and Depression. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605688. [PMID: 37006829 PMCID: PMC10060543 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the mediating effects of anxiety and depression in the relationship between insomnia and burnout among Chinese nurses under the regular COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control.Methods: Convenience sampling was applied to recruit 784 nurses in Jiangsu Province, China. The respondents completed the survey via mobile devices. Demographic questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to assess demographic information, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and burnout, respectively. Hayes PROCESS macro was employed to examine the mediation model.Results: Insomnia, anxiety, depression and burnout were positively and significantly associated with each other. Anxiety and depression played partial mediation effects between insomnia and burnout with the mediation effect of anxiety and depression accounting for 28.87% and 31.69% of the total effect, respectively.Conclusion: Insomnia may lead to burnout through the parallel mediating effects of anxiety and depression in Chinese nurses. Interventions on sleep, anxiety and depression from the hospital management were essential to ameliorate nurses’ burnout status under the regular COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Mao
- Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueru Lin
- Teaching and Research Support Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Dean’s Office, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxi Deng
- Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqiang Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianya Hou
- Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tianya Hou, ; Wei Dong,
| | - Wei Dong
- Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tianya Hou, ; Wei Dong,
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13
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Hoseini Azizi T, Dehghan Nayeri N, Jackson AC, Bahramnezhad F. Mixed-methods study protocol for exploring the perception of nurses' resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic: Designing, implementing and evaluation of intervention. Nurs Open 2023; 10:4111-4119. [PMID: 36790876 PMCID: PMC10170888 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the necessity for interventions to build resilient nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic is recognized, there is disagreement about the effective methods for achieving this. AIM We present our research protocol that describes plans to design and test an interventional program for promoting nurses' resilience. DESIGN This sequential exploratory interventional mixed-methods study is conducted in three phases (qualitative, intervention design, and quantitative). METHODS It was funded from May 2021 for 24 months. In phase 1, we explored strategies for promoting resilience in the COVID-19 pandemic from nurses' perspectives (through semi-structured interviews). In phase 2, we will design an interventional program for promoting nurses' resilience (using the qualitative phase and literature review results). We will assess the program's effectiveness on nurses' resilience in a randomized controlled trial in phase 3. DISCUSSION Given the different experiences of nurses of resilience in COVID-19, our innovative program can guide future research to enhance nurses' resilience based on specific situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Hoseini Azizi
- Department of Critical Care Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Nursing, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Nahid Dehghan Nayeri
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alun C Jackson
- Australian Centre for Heart Health, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre on Behavioural Health, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Fatemeh Bahramnezhad
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Spiritual Health Group, Research Center of Quran, Hadith and Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Sayed A, Ahmed M, El Sayed I, Soliman S, Ali K, Elsherbiney S, Mahmoud A, Fares S. Prevalence and determinants of depression, anxiety, and burnout among Egyptian house officers during the COVID-19 pandemic. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2023; 30:29. [PMCID: PMC10042578 DOI: 10.1186/s43045-023-00302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented international health crisis, which has invoked massive consequence on healthcare workers’ mental health and wellbeing. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and burnout among house officers amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt to assess the effect of this pandemic on their mental health. Results A total of 254 house officers were included in this study, and their responses were analyzed. Anxiety, burnout, and depression were reported among 35%, 32%, and 22% of participants, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis found that higher levels of overall worry were associated with anxiety, but not depression or burnout. Having a good personal protective equipment attitude was a significant predictor of both anxiety and burnout. Participants with depression had a higher likelihood of also having a burnout, but a lower likelihood of having anxiety. Overall worry related to the pandemic, depression, and clinical burnout status were all significantly associated with anxiety. Conclusions The study found that anxiety, depression, and burnout are highly prevalent among house officers, who are newly graduated medical professionals. These findings suggest the need for specific programs to address the wellbeing of these individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Sayed
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286AKasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ahmed
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286AKasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Inas El Sayed
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286AKasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saeed Soliman
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286AKasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karim Ali
- grid.476980.4Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Samar Fares
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286AKasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Association of burnout and intention-to-leave the profession with work environment: A nationwide cross-sectional study among Belgian intensive care nurses after two years of pandemic. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 137:104385. [PMID: 36423423 PMCID: PMC9640385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are at an increased risk of burnout and may have an intention-to-leave their jobs. The COVID-19 pandemic may increase this risk. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of burnout risk and intention-to-leave the job and nursing profession among ICU nurses and to analyse the relationships between these variables and the work environment after two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN A national cross-sectional survey of all nurses working in Belgian ICUs was conducted between December 2021 and January 2022 during the 4th and 5th waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium. The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) was used to measure the work environment, intention-to-leave the hospital and/or the profession was assessed. The risk of burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale including emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and reduced personal accomplishment. SETTING Nurses in 78 out of 123 Belgian hospital sites with an ICU participated in the survey. PARTICIPANTS 2321 out of 4851 nurses (47.8%) completed the entire online survey. RESULTS The median overall risk of burnout per hospital site (high risk in all three subdimensions) was 17.6% [P25: 10.0 - P75: 28.8] and the median proportion of nurses with a high risk in at least one subdimension of burnout in Belgian ICUs was 71.6% [56.7-82.7]. A median of 42.9% [32.1-57.1] of ICU nurses stated that they intended-to-leave the job and 23.8% [15.4-36.8] stated an intent-to-leave the profession. The median overall score of agreement with the presence of positive aspects in the work environment was 49.0% [44.8-55.8]. Overall, nurses working in the top 25% of best-performing hospital sites with regard to work environment had a statistically significant lower risk of burnout and intention-to-leave the job and profession compared to those in the lowest performing 25% of hospital sites. Patient-to-nurse ratio in the worst performing quartile was associated with a higher risk for emotional exhaustion (OR = 1.53, 95% CI:1.04-2.26) and depersonalisation (OR = 1.48, 95% CI:1.03-2.13) and intention-to-leave the job (OR = 1.46, 95% CI:1.03-2.05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, a high prevalence of burnout risk and intention-to-leave the job and nursing profession was observed after two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, there was substantial variation across hospital sites which was associated with the quality of the work environment. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT "Burnout & intention to leave was high for Belgian ICU nurses after 2 years of COVID, but wellbeing was better with high quality work environments and more favourable patient to nurse ratios".
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16
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Osei EA, Oti-Boadi E, Agyeman-Yeboah J, Hennor E, Ofosuwaa B, Agyeiwaa J, Elikplem R. Psychosocial experiences of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a teaching hospital in Ghana. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221144859. [PMID: 36561148 PMCID: PMC9768531 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221144859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The number of people affected with COVID-19 keeps rising globally resulting in increasing fear and anxiety among patients and their families. However, literature on the psychosocial experiences of these patients with COVID-19 in Africa is limited. Hence, this research explored the psychosocial experiences of patients infected with COVID-19 and undergoing treatment. Methods The study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach. The sampling technique chosen for this study was purposive with a sample size of 34 determined by data saturation. Participants were selected from Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana, and were interviewed face-face using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Results Two main themes and seven sub-themes were generated from this study. The two themes included emotional burden of COVID-19 patients and effects of COVID-19 on patients and relatives. Sub-themes formulated under the emotional burden were reactions to COVID-19 diagnosis, suicidal thoughts, and sadness by fear of the unknown. Social restriction/isolation, stigmatization and disclosure, effect of COVID-19, and positive attitudes of staff emerged under the effect of COVID-19 on patients and relatives. Conclusion Even though the recovery rate of COVID-19 has improved since the introduction of the COVID-19 vaccine, there is generally a global surge with respect to the incidence of the condition and an increasing number of patients on admission. Most interventions are targeted at the prevention of the disease than the effect of the psychosocial experience on the quality of life of the individuals affected which is equally essential. It is therefore recommended that current studies focus on improving the quality of life of those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans Appiah Osei
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Valley View University, Oyibi, Ghana,Evans Appiah Osei, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Valley View University, Box DT 595, Oyibi 00233, Ghana.
| | - Ezekiel Oti-Boadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Valley View University, Oyibi, Ghana
| | | | - Emilia Hennor
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Valley View University, Oyibi, Ghana
| | - Bertha Ofosuwaa
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Valley View University, Oyibi, Ghana
| | - Joyce Agyeiwaa
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Al Hadid LAE, Al Barmawi MA, Alnjadat R, Farajat LA. The impact of stress associated with caring for patients with COVID-19 on career decisions, resilience, and perceived self-efficacy in newly hired nurses in Jordan: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e899. [PMID: 36304762 PMCID: PMC9595341 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The decision to stay in nursing has been challenged by the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. New nurses joined the workforce and provided care to patients with COVID-19 although they received limited training, which could have influenced their intention to stay in nursing. We aimed in this study to examine the impact of caring for patients with COVID-19 on career decisions, resilience, and perceived self-efficacy among newly hired nurses in Jordan. It also tested the predictors of intentions to stay among new nurses. Methods This cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted using an online electronic questionnaire form. The sample included newly hired nurses (n = 300) working in public hospitals and providing care to patients with COVID-19 in different levels of acuity units. The perceived stress scale and Connor-Davidson resilience scale 25 were used to measure stress and resilience among nurses. Results The majority chose nursing as their career, but they were not satisfied with the current work conditions or autonomy in decision-making. Many nurses reported having moderate to high work-related stress and low to moderate resilience. Among all variables in this study, financial income predicted mild intention to stay in nursing. Conclusions Nurses expressed the presence of work-related stress and low to moderate levels of resilience. As new nurses, exposure to these stress levels might lead to burnout. Nursing managers should take necessary measures to promote better work conditions and improve resilience to avoid nurses leaving the profession at times when there is a shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafi Alnjadat
- Irbid University CollegeAl Balqa' Applied UniversitySaltJordan
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18
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Tomaszewska K, Majchrowicz B, Snarska K, Telega D. Stress and Occupational Burnout of Nurses Working with COVID-19 Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912688. [PMID: 36231988 PMCID: PMC9566059 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic brings many challenges to the daily work of nurses. While carrying out professional tasks for patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, nurses experience tremendous psychological pressure due to their workload in a high-risk environment. This causes severe stress and leads to occupational burnout. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of stress and occupational burnout among surveyed nurses working with patients with COVID-19. A total of 118 nurses working with patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus participated in the study. Among the respondents, there were 94.9% women and 5.1% men. The average age of the respondents was 38.1 +/- 2.1. The survey was conducted between April and May 2022. The research tool was a survey questionnaire, consisting of three parts: sociodemographic data and self-administered survey questionnaire containing questions about the specifics of working with COVID-19 patients. The third part was a standardized tool: the MBI Burnout Questionnaire by Christina Maslach. Participation in the study was anonymous and voluntary. Statistical analysis for independence of variables used the Chi-square test. On the other hand, coefficients based on the Phi test and Kramer's V test, as well as non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test (for 2 samples) and Kruskal-Wallis test (for more than 2 samples) were used to determine the strength of the relationship. During these analyses, in addition to standard statistical significance, the corresponding "p" values were calculated using the Monte Carlo method. The results obtained allow us to conclude that surveyed nurses working with COVID-19 patients are exposed to various stressors leading to occupational burnout. The vast majority of respondents, i.e., 90.7%, believe that stress is an integral part of the nursing profession and the average of MBI burnout among respondents was 55.67 +/- 9.77 pts., emotional exhaustion 24.74 +/- 6.11, depersonalization 12.42 +/- 2.99 and a sense of personal achievement 18.52 +/- 4.50 which means that only slightly more than half of the nurses surveyed noticed symptoms of occupational burnout themselves. The research has revealed that working with a patient who is positive for COVID-19 is a cause of stress and is related to experiencing symptoms of burnout in the group of surveyed nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Tomaszewska
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Health Protection, The Bronisław Markiewicz State Higher School of Technology and Economics, 37-500 Jarosław, Poland
| | - Bożena Majchrowicz
- Department of Nursing, Institute of Social and Health Sciences, East European State Higher School in Przemyśl, 37-700 Przemyśl, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Snarska
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - Donata Telega
- Institute of Health Protection, The Bronisław Markiewicz State Higher School of Technology and Economics, 37-500 Jarosław, Poland
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19
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Luceño‐Moreno L, Talavera‐Velasco B, Martín‐García J. Predictors of burnout in female nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Nurs Pract 2022; 28:e13084. [PMID: 35922058 PMCID: PMC9538264 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictors of burnout in female nurses during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also sought to evaluate the relationship between each of the variables studied (anxiety, depression, sociodemographic and COVID-19 variables) and the dimensions of the burnout. BACKGROUND One of the groups of health care workers worst affected by the COVID-19 crisis has been women working as nursing staff, due to the high percentage they account for at a global level and their direct contact with infected patients. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional, quantitative study. METHODS Four hundred forty-four Spanish female nurses from hospital and primary health care centres took part in the study. The data were obtained in 2020 by means of an online survey. RESULTS Symptoms of depression are a common predictor variable to all the dimensions of burnout, whereas symptoms of anxiety predict emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Age and years of experience in the job predict depersonalization, whereas the probability of contracting the infection is a predictor variable of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment. CONCLUSION Predictor variables should be considered in the creation of prevention and intervention plans to reduce the levels of burnout in female nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Luceño‐Moreno
- Department of Social and Work Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of PsychologyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Beatriz Talavera‐Velasco
- Department of Social and Work Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of PsychologyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Jesús Martín‐García
- Department of Social and Work Psychology and Individual Differences, Faculty of PsychologyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
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20
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Kimpe V, Sabe M, Sentissi O. No increase in burnout in health care workers during the initial COVID-19 outbreak: Systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Meta-Anal 2022; 10:206-219. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v10.i4.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades and before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, for health care workers (HCWs) burnout can be experienced as an upsetting confrontation with their self and the result of a complex a multifactorial process interacting with environmental and personal features.
AIM To literature review and meta-analysis was to obtain a comprehensive understanding of burnout and work-related stress in health care workers around the world during the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS We performed a database search of Embase, Google Scholar and PubMed from June to October 2020. We analysed burnout risk factors and protective factors in included studies published in peer-reviewed journals as of January 2020, studying a HCW population during the first COVID-19 wave without any geographic restrictions. Furthermore, we performed a meta-analysis to determine overall burnout levels. We studied the main risk factors and protective factors related to burnout and stress at the individual, institutional and regional levels.
RESULTS Forty-one studies were included in our final review sample. Most were cross-sectional, observational studies with data collection windows during the first wave of the COVID-19 surge. Of those forty-one, twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. Of the 27907 health care professionals who participated in the reviewed studies, 70.4% were women, and two-thirds were either married or living together. The most represented age category was 31-45 years, at 41.5%. Approximately half of the sample comprised nurses (47.6%), and 44.4% were working in COVID-19 wards (intensive care unit, emergency room and dedicated internal medicine wards). Indeed, exposure to the virus was not a leading factor for burnout. Our meta-analytic estimate of burnout prevalence in the HCW population for a sample of 6784 individuals was 30.05%.
CONCLUSION There was a significant prevalence of burnout in HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic, and some of the associated risk factors could be targeted for intervention, both at the individual and organizational levels. Nevertheless, COVID-19 exposure was not a leading factor for burnout, as burnout levels were not notably higher than pre-COVID-19 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Kimpe
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva 1208, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michel Sabe
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Othman Sentissi
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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Sun J, Sarfraz M, Ivascu L, Iqbal K, Mansoor A. How Did Work-Related Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Hamper Healthcare Employee Performance during COVID-19? The Mediating Role of Job Burnout and Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10359. [PMID: 36011994 PMCID: PMC9408233 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study objective was to examine the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of healthcare employees. The study was informed by a theoretical framework that incorporates different psychological issues (i.e., stress, depression, and anxiety) that influence healthcare workers' performance through the mediating roles of job burnout and mental health. The study data was gathered through structured questionnaires from 669 participants working in the healthcare sector in Pakistan. A structured equation modeling (SEM) technique was used for data analysis and hypothesis development. It was found that stress, depression, and anxiety positively affected healthcare employees' job performance during COVID-19. Psychological factors had a positive and significant impact on job burnout and mental health. Job burnout and mental health mediated the relationship between stress, anxiety, depression, and employee performance. The ongoing repercussions of COVID-19 include their impact on employee performance in the healthcare sector. Healthcare worker performance is critical to fostering industrial economic growth. Elevated levels of stress, depression, and anxiety have profoundly exacerbated employee mental health issues. COVID-19 has created challenging working conditions in organizations requiring that they address the growing psychological issues which impact negatively on worker performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Sun
- School of Management, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Muddassar Sarfraz
- School of Management, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Larisa Ivascu
- Faculty of Management in Production and Transportation, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300191 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Kashif Iqbal
- School of Business, Shanghai Dianji University, Nanhui Xincheng Town, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Athar Mansoor
- Division of Public Policy, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
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22
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Ruiz-Fernández MD, Alarcón-Ortega C, Ventura-Miranda MI, Ortega-Galán ÁM, Alcaráz-Córdoba A, Berenguel-Marínez A, Lirola-Manzano MJ. Burnout in Specialized Care Nurses during the First COVID-19 Outbreak in Spain. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1282. [PMID: 35885809 PMCID: PMC9323609 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the most outstanding consequences of the pandemic is the impact it had on the mental health of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in specialised services. Aim: The aim was to analyse the burnout levels of nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in specialised care and their relationship with variables of the socio-occupational context. Method: This was a quantitative, descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study, which included a sample of 355 nursing professionals. The instrument used was a questionnaire (Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS)). Results: A mean score of 27.44 (SD = 12.01) was obtained in the subscale "Emotional exhaustion"; in "Depersonalisation", the mean score was 7.26 (SD = 6.00); and, finally, in "Personal fulfilment", the mean score was 38.27 (SD = 7.04). Statistically significant differences were found in the subscale "Emotional exhaustion", which is higher in women than in men. The subscale "Personal Accomplishment" was higher in the age group 51-65 years. Regarding the "Depersonalisation" subscale, statistically significant differences were found with respect to the years of experience in the current service, which is higher in the group aged 39 years or more. Conclusion: Intervention programmes are required in healthcare systems to improve the emotional well-being of nursing professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Ruiz-Fernández
- Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.D.R.-F.); (A.A.-C.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Cristina Alarcón-Ortega
- Andalucian Health Service, Av. de la Constitucion 18, 41071 Sevilla, Spain; (C.A.-O.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - María Isabel Ventura-Miranda
- Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.D.R.-F.); (A.A.-C.)
| | | | - Andrea Alcaráz-Córdoba
- Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.D.R.-F.); (A.A.-C.)
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Khan Y, Bruyneel A, Smith P. Determinants of the risk of burnout among nurses during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium: A cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:1125-1135. [PMID: 35403282 PMCID: PMC9115243 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the prevalence of burnout risk among nurses during the peak of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium and to identify risk groups and protective and risk factors. BACKGROUND Nurses are at high risk of burnout, and this can have negative consequences for them, patients and health care systems. The pandemic may have changed their working conditions and increased their risk of burnout. METHODS The risk of burnout was assessed through the Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale. Information on socio-demographic and working conditions during the pandemic was also collected. We obtained 4552 respondents through convenience sampling. RESULTS A high risk of burnout was found in 70% of respondents. The main risk factors of burnout were the lack of personal protective equipment, changes in perceived workload and working with COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS An uneven workload for nurses is an underlying problem during the COVID-19 pandemic and a significant risk factor for their burnout. The decreased workload is a risk factor for burnout as important as increased workload and repeated exposure to COVID-19. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Burnout prevention and treatment interventions must target the correct risk factors and identify nurses at risk to be cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Khan
- Faculty of Public HealthWoluwe‐Saint‐LambertBelgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Primary CareGhent University, Campus UZ‐GhentGhentBelgium
| | - Arnaud Bruyneel
- Health Economics, Hospital Management and Nursing Research DeptSchool of Public Health, Université Libre de BruxellesBelgium
| | - Pierre Smith
- Department Epidemiology and Public HealthSciensanoBrusselsBelgium
- School of Public Health, Erasme CampusBrusselsBelgium
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS)Université Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
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Gisilanbe Vetbuje B, Farmanesh P, Sousan A. Relationship between perceived threat of COVID-19 and burnout among frontline nurses: A mediation analysis. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2601. [PMID: 35506363 PMCID: PMC9226795 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout of nurses during the Coronavirus of 2019 pandemic can end up extremely expensive for societies. It is found that positive religious coping (PRC) and a secure God attachment are effective for shielding against the adverse consequences of being exposed to stressful situations. METHODS This research explores the relationships among God attachment, religious coping, and burnout among nurses who are confronted with COVID-19 as a perceived threat through a model based on the combination of attachment theory and the Job Demands-Resources model. Analysis was done using SMART-PLS. RESULTS The results reveal that perceived threat of COVID-19 (PTC) positively correlates with burnout among nurses and that secure attachment to God and PRC can buffer this relationship, while insecure attachment to God, including anxious and avoidant attachment, along with negative religious coping positively mediates the relationship between PTC and burnout. CONCLUSION Finally, this study suggests managerial implications of these findings for healthcare organizations and a recommendation for helping out staff to help them manage such threats and their attachment to God.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panteha Farmanesh
- International Business Department, Girne American University, Girne Cyprus
| | - Arman Sousan
- Faculty of Business and EconomicsGirne American University Girne CyprusHRMOrganizational Psychology
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Kamali M, Azizi M, Moosazadeh M, Mehravaran H, Ghasemian R, Reskati MH, Elyasi F. Occupational burnout in Iranian health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:365. [PMID: 35643438 PMCID: PMC9143709 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Health care workers (HCWs), mostly frontliners, are encountering numerous physical and psychosocial stressors, and even managing some conflicts over the course of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this respect, the present study was to investigate the prevalence rate of occupational burnout (OB) in such workers during this pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 6 and May 30, 2020, via an online survey in 31 provinces of Iran, on HCWs selected based on convenience sampling method. For data collection, a socio-demographic information form and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was utilized. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and multivariate regression analysis were also applied to test the research hypotheses. RESULTS In total, 7626 HCWs participated in the present study. Accordingly, 73.2 and 26.8% of the workers were female and male, respectively. As well, 57.8% of the respondents were nurses and 14.4% of the cases were clinicians. Moreover, 44.8% of the participants had thus far worked in isolation wards and 40.3% of these individuals reported working for 4-8 hours with COVID-19 patients. The prevalence rate of OB was 18.3%. Besides, 34.2, 48.7, and 56.1% of the respondents had severe levels of emotional exhaustion (EE), higher depersonalization (DP), and decreased sense of personal accomplishment (PA), respectively. Besides, the HCWs at the age range of 20 to 30, having female gender, no children, and a bachelor's degree, and working in isolation wards showed the higher levels of OB with reference to the Chi-square test results (p < 0.001). Accordingly, the statistical test outcomes demonstrated that a history of physical illnesses (p = 0.001) and psychiatric disorders (p = 0.044) could be the best predictor of OB throughout the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION Regarding the high prevalence rate of OB among the HCWs and the remaining COVID-19 journey in Iran, health care managers are recommended to orient the required management and coping strategies toward improving mental health in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Kamali
- grid.411623.30000 0001 2227 0923Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Marzieh Azizi
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411623.30000 0001 2227 0923Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- grid.411623.30000 0001 2227 0923Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Mehravaran
- grid.411623.30000 0001 2227 0923Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Roya Ghasemian
- grid.411623.30000 0001 2227 0923Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Hasannezhad Reskati
- grid.411623.30000 0001 2227 0923Educational Psychology, Research Ethics Committee, Imam khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Forouzan Elyasi
- Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. .,Psychosomatic Ward, Imam Khomeini General Hospital, Razi Ave, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
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Zhen B, Yao B, Zhou X. Acute stress disorder and job burnout in primary and secondary school teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating effect of sense of control. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-8. [PMID: 35502364 PMCID: PMC9045882 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study aim was to examine the relationship between acute stress disorder and job burnout among primary and secondary school teachers, and to explore the moderating effect of sense of control on this relationship. A total of 751 teachers completed self-report questionnaires during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that acute stress disorder, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization were significantly lower in female teachers than in male teachers. Age was positively associated with acute stress disorder and negatively associated with inefficacy. Acute stress disorder was significantly and positively associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimensions of job burnout. The relation between acute stress disorder and inefficacy was moderated by sense of control: acute stress disorder was positively associated with inefficacy when the sense of control was strong and was negatively associated with inefficacy when the sense of control was weak. These findings demonstrate that acute stress disorder is a risk factor for job burnout, and that sense of control is a protective factor for some aspects of job burnout. However, in individuals with a strong sense of control, acute stress disorder is associated with greater inefficacy, suggesting that sense of control can both positively and negatively affect burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Zhen
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000 China
| | - Benxian Yao
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000 China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028 China
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The Relationship between Flow Experience and Burnout Symptoms: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073865. [PMID: 35409547 PMCID: PMC8998023 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: In today’s performance-oriented society, burnout symptoms, defined as consequences of chronic work stress, are an increasing problem. To counteract this development, the important aims are (1) to find protective and modifiable factors that reduce the risk of developing and harboring burnout symptoms and (2) to understand the underlying mechanisms. A phenomenon potentially furthering both aims is flow experience. Based on the earlier literature, we developed a psycho-physiological “Flow-Burnout-Model”, which postulates positive or negative associations between flow and burnout symptoms, depending on the prevailing situational and personal conditions. Methods: To test our Flow-Burnout-Model, we conducted a systematic literature search encompassing flow and burnout symptoms. Eighteen empirical studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Results: The findings of the systematic review as a whole suggest a negative association between flow and burnout symptoms, both cross-sectional and longitudinal. According to the findings from longitudinal studies, flow can be interpreted as a protective factor against burnout symptoms, and burnout symptoms can be interpreted as a factor inhibiting flow. In our conclusion, we maintain the assumption of a bidirectional association between flow and burnout symptoms in the Flow-Burnout-Model but modify the initially suggested positive and negative associations between flow and burnout symptoms towards a predominantly negative relationship. Discussion: Mindful of the heterogeneous findings of earlier studies, the resulting comprehensive Flow-Burnout-Model will lay the foundations for future hypothesis-based research. This includes physiological mechanisms explaining the relationship between flow and burnout symptoms, and likewise, the conditions of their longitudinal association.
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Sullivan D, Sullivan V, Weatherspoon D, Frazer C. Comparison of Nurse Burnout, Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nurs Clin North Am 2022; 57:79-99. [PMID: 35236610 PMCID: PMC8576118 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pandemics are not new, but our global community allows the spread of disease to occur much more rapidly than ever before. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has placed nurses on the frontlines caring for contagious and acutely ill patients. Nurse burnout is not new either; however, these demands have put a strain on nurses, and nurse burnout has been reported as being at high levels. This article looks at a history of pandemics and examines the research related to nurse burnout during previous and the current COVID-19 pandemic. The authors conclude this article with recommendations for evidence-based interventions to decrease factors associated with nurse burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Sullivan
- College of Nursing, Walden University, 100 Washington Avenue South, Suite 1210, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA.
| | - Virginia Sullivan
- General Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 110 Magnolia Circle, Room 407A, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Deborah Weatherspoon
- College of Nursing, Walden University, 100 Washington Avenue South, Suite 1210, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA
| | - Christine Frazer
- College of Nursing, Walden University, 100 Washington Avenue South, Suite 1210, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA
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Mohamadzadeh Tabrizi Z, Mohammadzadeh F, Davarinia Motlagh Quchan A, Bahri N. COVID-19 anxiety and quality of life among Iranian nurses. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:27. [PMID: 35057763 PMCID: PMC8771181 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed nurses, who are a very important group involved in the care of these patients, to many stresses that may affect their quality of life. This study aimed to determine the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and the quality of life among Iranian nurses. METHOD This online cross-sectional study enrolled 1,131 of Iranian nurses working at the time of the COVID-19 outbreak in treatment centers in different parts of Iran from April to May 2020. The convenience sampling strategy was used. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS). The stepwise multiple linear regression models were used to examine the relationships among self-reported anxiety concerning COVID-19 and SF-36 quality of life, its components, and subscales. Partial r was used as an estimate of effect size. RESULT The mean SF-36 score was 65.2 (SD=17.6). The mean score of the mental component summary (MCS) (M=56.8, SD=22.3) was lower than the mean score of the physical component summary (PCS) (M=71.6, SD=17.5). The mean score of COVID-19 anxiety was 17.8 (SD=10.5). Of the participants, 378 (33.4%; 95% CI [30.7%, 36.3%]), and 152 (13.4%; 95% CI [11.5%, 15.6%]) reported moderate and severe anxiety, respectively. According to the results of stepwise multiple linear regression model, after adjusting for possible confounding variables, the SF-36 quality of life was still significantly negatively associated with COVID-19 anxiety, with a large effect size (The partial r = -0.515, p < 0.001). The relationship between the SF-36 components and COVID-19 anxiety were also significant, and moderate to large effect sizes were observed (The partial r for (PCS; COVID-19 anxiety) = -0.404; p < 0.001, and for (MCS; COVID-19 anxiety) = -0.521; p < 0.001). In addition, significant correlation coefficients for every subscale of the SF-36 were found for COVID-19 anxiety and its two components, with small to large effect sizes (The partial correlations= -0.211 to -0.524, all ps< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results showed that higher COVID-19 anxiety in nurses decreases their quality of life. In order to increase nurses' quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is recommended to design and implement programs to reduce their COVID-19 anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | - Narjes Bahri
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Zakeri MA, Rahiminezhad E, Salehi F, Ganjeh H, Dehghan M. Burnout, Anxiety, Stress, and Depression Among Iranian Nurses: Before and During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:789737. [PMID: 34899542 PMCID: PMC8654725 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.789737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nurses are the major healthcare workforce in an epidemic and have the most contact with patients. Frontline nurses face many health challenges during the COVID-19 epidemic, are directly at risk when treating and caring for COVID-19 patients, and thus experience severe stress and problems in the workplace leading to physical, mental, and social disorders, as well as burnout, anxiety, stress, and depression. The purpose of this study was to compare burnout, anxiety, stress, and depression in nurses before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a cross sectional study. We assessed 266 frontline nurses before and 242 frontline nurses during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic with one year apart in 2019 and 2020 (two-stage sampling). The data were collected using demographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) in public hospitals in Southern Iran. Results: There were no significant differences between groups in subscales of burnout (p > 0.05). Anxiety, stress and depression scores significantly increased during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before the COVID-19 outbreak (p < 0.05). There were significant differences between groups in level of anxiety (p < 0.001) and stress (p = 0.04). Before the COVID-19 outbreak, burnout predicted 11, 15, and 13% of the variance of anxiety, stress and depression, respectively. In addition, stress, monthly working hours and shift were variables that predicted 16% of the variance of burnout before COVID-19. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that burnout during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic did not change significantly compared with before COVID-19. Anxiety, stress and depression increased significantly first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Zakeri
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Determinants of Health Research Centre, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Rahiminezhad
- Student Research Committee, Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Salehi
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Ganjeh
- Clinical Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahlagha Dehghan
- Nursing Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Butera S, Brasseur N, Filion N, Bruyneel A, Smith P. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Burnout Risk Among Intensive Care and Emergency Nurses Before and During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Belgium. J Emerg Nurs 2021; 47:879-891. [PMID: 34635345 PMCID: PMC8599942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess (1) the prevalence of burnout risk among nurses working in intensive care units and emergency department before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and (2) the individual and work-related associated factors. METHODS Data were collected as part of a cross-sectional study on intensive care unit and emergency nurses in Belgium using 2 self-administered online questionnaires distributed just before the pandemic (January 2020, N = 422) and during the first peak of the pandemic (April 2020, N = 1616). Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale. RESULTS The overall prevalence of burnout risk was higher among emergency nurses than intensive care unit nurses but was not significantly different after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (from 69.8% to 70.7%, χ² = 0.15, P = .68), whereas it increased significantly among intensive care unit nurses (from 51.2% to 66.7%, χ² = 23.64, P < .003). During the pandemic, changes in workload and the lack of personal protective equipment were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of burnout risk, whereas social support from colleagues and from superiors and management were associated with a lower likelihood of burnout risk. Several determinants of burnout risk were different between intensive care unit and emergency nurses. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that nurses in intensive care unit and emergency department were at risk of burnout but their experience during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was quite different. Therefore, it is important to implement specific measures for these 2 groups of nurses to prevent and manage their risk of burnout.
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Mohamed SA, Hendy A, Ezzat Mahmoud O, Mohamed Mohamed S. Mattering perception, work engagement and its relation to burnout amongst nurses during coronavirus outbreak. Nurs Open 2021; 9:377-384. [PMID: 34581505 PMCID: PMC8685778 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the mattering perception, feelings of burnout and work engagement amongst nurses during coronavirus outbreak. DESIGN Cross-sectional research design. METHODS It conducted at Zagazig fever hospital and chest hospital on 280 nurses. A self-administered questionnaire containing four parts; characteristics, mattering at Work Scale, Burnout scale and Engagement scale. RESULTS The present study reported that more than half of studied nurses had moderate mattering level and more than one-quarter of them had low mattering. More than two-fifth of studied nurses had moderate level and slight less than one-third of them had low engagement. More than two-fifth of studied nurses had moderate level of burnout, whilst slight less than one-third of them had high burnout, and one-quarter of them had low burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Ahmed Mohamed
- Nursing Administration, Faculty of Nursing, Beni_Suef_ University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz Hendy
- Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omaima Ezzat Mahmoud
- Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Beni_Suef_ University, Cairo, Egypt
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BAYER N, ÇANKAYA M. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL LABOR, ORGANIZATIONAL LOYALTY, AND TURNOVER INTENTION IN NURSES. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.927145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lavoie-Tremblay M, Gélinas C, Aubé T, Tchouaket E, Tremblay D, Gagnon MP, Côté J. Influence of caring for COVID-19 patients on nurse's turnover, work satisfaction and quality of care. J Nurs Manag 2021; 30:33-43. [PMID: 34448520 PMCID: PMC8646604 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim This study aims to examine, through the lens of the Job Demands‐Resources model, the influence of caring for COVID‐19 patients on nurse's perception of chronic fatigue, quality of care, satisfaction at work and intention to leave their organisation and the profession. Background Studies have examined how fear of COVID‐19 contributes to the mental, physical and work adjustment among nurses. To date, few studies have been conducted examining how caring for patients with COVID‐19 contributes to work outcomes among nurses. Methods This is a cross‐sectional survey involving 1705 frontline nurses and licensed practical nurses in Quebec, Canada. From these, 782 reported caring for COVID‐19 patients. Results High chronic fatigue, poor quality of care, lower work satisfaction and higher intention to leave their organisation were found for nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients. Poorly prepared and overwhelmed nurses showed higher turnover intention than those well prepared and in control. Conclusions There is an urgent need to provide support to nurses during the pandemic, with a long‐term strategy to increase their retention. Implications for Nursing Management Nurse administrators play an important role in supporting their nurses during a pandemic in the form of education, training and policy development to positively impact quality of care and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Gélinas
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thalia Aubé
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Tchouaket
- Nursing Department, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - José Côté
- Faculty of Nursing, Montreal University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
Background: Nurses working in treating patients with COVID-19 are exposed to various stressors, such as fear of COVID-19, stress, and high workload, leading to burnout. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the level of burnout and its predictors in nurses working in hospitals for COVID-19 patients. Methods: Participants in this study were nurses working in 11 hospitals for COVID-19 patients in the Fars province of Iran. The Maslach burnout and the UK Health and Safety stress questionnaires were used to assess burnout and stress, respectively. Analysis, using multiple regression in the SPSS21 software, aimed to identify the factors affecting burnout. Findings: The mean level of burnout in the nurses at the COVID-19 hospitals was 57 out of 120, and burnout was affected by workload (β = 0.69, p < 0.001), job stress (β = 0.25, p < 0.001) and inadequate hospital resources for the prevention of COVID-19 (β = –0.16, p < 0.001). These three variables explained 87% of the variance in burnout. Conclusions: The burnout of nurses directly exposed to COVID-19 patients is more than nurses in other wards, and workload is the most significant cause of burnout in them. Therefore, necessary measures such as hiring more nurses, reducing working hours and increasing rest periods are necessary to reduce workload. In addition, the job stress of these nurses should be managed and controlled, and the hospital resources needed to prevent this disease should be provided.
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Fernandez R, Lord H, Moxham L, Middleton R, Halcomb E. Anxiety among Australian nurses during COVID-19. Collegian 2021; 28:357-358. [PMID: 34093060 PMCID: PMC8162815 DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritin Fernandez
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, Level 1 Research and Education Building, St George Hospital, South Street, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Heidi Lord
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Centre for Research in Nursing and Health, Level 1 Research and Education Building, St George Hospital, South Street, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Lorna Moxham
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Keiraville, Australia
| | - Rebekkah Middleton
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Halcomb
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Keiraville, Australia
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Bruyneel A, Smith P, Tack J, Pirson M. Prevalence of burnout risk and factors associated with burnout risk among ICU nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in French speaking Belgium. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2021; 65:103059. [PMID: 33875341 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Burnout is a global work-related phenomenon. Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are at risk of burnout and the COVID-19 pandemic may increase this risk. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of burnout risk and identify risk factors among ICU nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Web-based survey performed during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in French speaking Belgium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Risk of burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale. RESULTS A total of 1135 ICU nurses responded to the questionnaire. The overall prevalence of burnout risk was 68%. A total of 29% of ICU nurses were at risk of depersonalisation (DP), 31% of reduced personal accomplishment (PA), and 38% of emotional exhaustion (EE). A 1:3 nurse-to-patient ratio increased the risk of EE (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.07-2.95) and DP (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.09-2.40). Those who reported having a higher perceived workload during the COVID-19 pandemic were at higher risk for all dimensions of burnout. Shortage of personal protective equipment increased the risk of EE (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.35-3.34) and nurses who reported having symptoms of COVID-19 without being tested were at higher risk of EE (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.68-1.87). CONCLUSIONS Two-thirds of ICU nurses were at risk of burnout and this risk was associated with their working conditions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We recommend monitoring the risk of burnout and implementing interventions to prevent and manage it, taking into account the factors identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bruyneel
- Health Economics, Hospital Management and Nursing Research Dept, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium; SIZ Nursing, A Society of Intensive Care Nurses, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Smith
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Tack
- Health Economics, Hospital Management and Nursing Research Dept, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium; Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Magali Pirson
- Health Economics, Hospital Management and Nursing Research Dept, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
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Prelicensure Nursing Students' COVID-19 Attitude Impact on Nursing Career Decision during Pandemic Threat in Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063272. [PMID: 33809956 PMCID: PMC8004179 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic may cause a nursing shortage. Prelicensure nursing students who are exposed to high-stress COVID-19 events are related to defective career decision-making. This study validated the COVID-19 attitude scale and clarified how their attitudes about COVID-19 affected their behavioral intentions toward career decision-making. We conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited a convenience sample of 362 prelicensure nursing students from Northern and Central Taiwan. Two measurements were applied, including the Nursing Students Career Decision-making instrument and COVID-19 attitude scale. We used AMOS (version 22.0) to perform a confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach α of the COVID-19 attitude scale was 0.74 and consisted of four factors. The most positive attitude was the nursing belief factor, and the least positive factor was emotional burden. Prelicensure nursing students' COVID-19 attitudes were significantly positively associated with their career decision-making attitudes and perceived control (ß = 0.41 and ß = 0.40, respectively; p < 0.001). All the key latent variables explained significantly 23% of the variance in the career decision-making behavioral intentions module. In conclusion, the COVID-19 attitude scale is valid. Although the prelicensure nursing students' COVID-19 attitudes had no direct effect on career decision-making intentions, they had a direct effect on career decision-making attitudes and the perceived control.
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Liu Y, Aungsuroch Y, Gunawan J, Zeng D. Job Stress, Psychological Capital, Perceived Social Support, and Occupational Burnout Among Hospital Nurses. J Nurs Scholarsh 2021; 53:511-518. [PMID: 33646610 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the structural relationships among nurses' occupational burnout, job stress, psychological capital, and perceived support from society. DESIGN A cross-sectional design was performed to collect data from 766 registered nurses in three general tertiary Class A hospitals from March to August 2018. METHODS Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the proposed model. FINDINGS The research data supported the proposed model. Psychological capital, job stress, and perceived social support significantly influenced occupational burnout. Job stress indirectly influenced burnout through perceived social support and psychological capital. The influencing factors accounted for 49% of the variance in explaining burnout. CONCLUSIONS The findings identified structural relationships among the four studied variables. This study provides new information regarding the preventive role of perceived social support and psychological capital, which perform the mediating role between job stress and occupational burnout. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nursing administrators should provide a healthy work environment, effective psychological capital training, and assistance to reduce nurses' occupational burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Phi Omega at Large, Assistant professor, School of Nursing, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China, and Post-doctor, Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yupin Aungsuroch
- Phi Omega at Large, Associate Professor and Director of PhD in Nursing Science Program, Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joko Gunawan
- Post-doctor, Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dejian Zeng
- PhD candidate, Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hongkong, Hongkong, China
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VITALE E, CASOLARO S. Anxiety, Burnout and Depression Levels According to Sex and Years of Work Experience in Italian Nurses Engaged in the Care of Covid-19 Patients. JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHOTHERAPIES 2021. [DOI: 10.24193/jebp.2021.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
"Aim: To evaluate burnout, anxiety and depression levels in nurses directly
involved in the care of Covid-19 patients. Furthermore, particular attention
was paid to the existence of any differences between male and female nurses
to evaluate whether the variables considered can be influenced by the gender
variable.
Design: A cohort case-report study was carry out.
Sample: All Italian nurses who were at front line in the care of the Covid-19
patients were involved.
Measurement: The on line questionnaire collected data as regards: gender and years of work experience; the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire (MBI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire.
Results: Certainly the experience of the pandemic was very emotional for
nurses engaged in the front line in the care of Covid-19 patients. However,
anxiety and depression levels turned out to be normal, while some nurses
experienced them in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and
depersonalization of the burnout rating scale.
Conclusion: The practical implication was the implementation of support
policies for nurses in tackling the problem of burnout more than that of
anxiety or depression."
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa VITALE
- Registered Nurse at the Department of Mental Health, ASL Bari, Italy. Contract professor for the basic and specialist degree course in nursing at the University of Bari
| | - Salvatrice CASOLARO
- Healthcare Assistant. Organizational Position of the Metapontine District Area, Policoro Materan Hill, Matera Health Company, Matera, Italy
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Salari N, Khazaie H, Hosseinian-Far A, Khaledi-Paveh B, Kazeminia M, Mohammadi M, Shohaimi S, Daneshkhah A, Eskandari S. The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression within front-line healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-regression. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2020; 18:100. [PMID: 33334335 PMCID: PMC7745176 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-020-00544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress, anxiety, and depression are some of the most important research and practice challenges for psychologists, psychiatrists, and behavioral scientists. Due to the importance of issue and the lack of general statistics on these disorders among the Hospital staff treating the COVID-19 patients, this study aims to systematically review and determine the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression within front-line healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients. METHODS In this research work, the systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression approaches are used to approximate the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression within front-line healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients. The keywords of prevalence, anxiety, stress, depression, psychopathy, mental illness, mental disorder, doctor, physician, nurse, hospital staff, 2019-nCoV, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 and Coronaviruses were used for searching the SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI) and Google Scholar databases. The search process was conducted in December 2019 to June 2020. In order to amalgamate and analyze the reported results within the collected studies, the random effects model is used. The heterogeneity of the studies is assessed using the I2 index. Lastly, the data analysis is performed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. RESULTS Of the 29 studies with a total sample size of 22,380, 21 papers have reported the prevalence of depression, 23 have reported the prevalence of anxiety, and 9 studies have reported the prevalence of stress. The prevalence of depression is 24.3% (18% CI 18.2-31.6%), the prevalence of anxiety is 25.8% (95% CI 20.5-31.9%), and the prevalence of stress is 45% (95% CI 24.3-67.5%) among the hospitals' Hospital staff caring for the COVID-19 patients. According to the results of meta-regression analysis, with increasing the sample size, the prevalence of depression and anxiety decreased, and this was statistically significant (P < 0.05), however, the prevalence of stress increased with increasing the sample size, yet this was not statistically significant (P = 0.829). CONCLUSION The results of this study clearly demonstrate that the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression within front-line healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients is high. Therefore, the health policy-makers should take measures to control and prevent mental disorders in the Hospital staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Hosseinian-Far
- Department of Business Systems & Operations, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Behnam Khaledi-Paveh
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kazeminia
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Alireza Daneshkhah
- School of Computing, Electronics and Maths, Coventry University, London, UK
| | - Soudabeh Eskandari
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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