|
1
|
Guo M, Li J, Zhang L, Chen C, Wei Y, Shen ZA. Effects of oral supplementation of probiotics on body weight and visceral fat in obese patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Sci Rep 2025; 15:6355. [PMID: 39984625 PMCID: PMC11845779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-90820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 02/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Obesity can mediate the occurrence of many cardiovascular metabolic diseases, such as coronary heart disease and diabetes, which will lead to a significant increase in all-cause mortality in obese people. Visceral fat refers to the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in abdominal organs, which can lead to impaired normal function of organs. In recent years, it has been reported that probiotics can reduce obesity and visceral fat content, and some studies have put forward the opposite conclusion. In order to guide the practice of nutrition, we use Meta-analysis method to analyze these conclusions. The authors searched randomized controlled trials on the effects of oral probiotics on body weight and visceral fat content in obese people published before January 2024 in several public databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and CNKI. The primary outcome was body weight, and the secondary outcomes included BMI, waist circumference, visceral fat content, and low-density lipoprotein levels. This trial has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024521353). A total of 8 randomized controlled trials involving 412 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that the weight loss of the experimental group taking probiotics was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.00001). The reduction of waist circumference in the experimental group taking probiotics was significantly different from that in the control group (P = 0.01). The decrease of visceral fat content in the experimental group taking probiotics was significantly different from that in the control group (P < 0.00001). There was no significant difference in BMI and LDL-C levels between the experimental group and the control group. Oral probiotics can reduce weight loss, waist circumference and visceral fat content in obese patients, which may be a potential nutritional treatment for obese patients in the future. However, whether oral probiotics can reduce BMI and LDL-C levels in obese patients needs to be included in more RCTs and further discussed in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manhou Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, He University, Shenyang, 110163, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Xinjiang Institute of Technology, Aksu, 843100, People's Republic of China
| | - Leyan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchun Wei
- School of Basic Medicine, He University, Shenyang, 110163, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhe-An Shen
- Xinjiang Institute of Technology, Aksu, 843100, People's Republic of China.
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Fallah F, Mahdavi R. Modulatory Effects of Multi-species/Multi-strain Synbiotic and L-carnitine Concomitant Supplementation on Atherogenic-Indices, Body Composition, Visceral Obesity, and Appetite in Metabolically Healthy Women with Obesity: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2025:10.1007/s12602-025-10460-2. [PMID: 39921845 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-025-10460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/10/2025]
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic disease with pandemic proportions, is recognized as a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders due to its association with atherogenic dyslipidemia, a common characteristic attributed to visceral adiposity in patients with obesity. Atherogenic and visceral-obesity indices have been conceded as surrogate cardiovascular diseases (CVD) indicators surpassing the conventional markers due to stronger predictive power for obesity-induced cardiometabolic risk and CVD mortality rate. Nutraceuticals have been suggested as emerging approaches to counteract obesity-associated cardiometabolic disorders. Considering the evidence addressing the ameliorating effects of either L-carnitine or biotics on metabolic indices, also the reports addressing higher efficacy of concomitant supplementation versus single-therapies, this clinical trial was conducted to assess the effects of L-carnitine + multi-species/multi-strain synbiotic combined supplementation compared to L-carnitine mono-therapy on atherogenic-indices, body composition, visceral obesity, and appetite sensations in 46 metabolically healthy women with obesity, randomly assigned to co-supplementation (L-carnitine-tartrate (2 × 500 mg/dl) + synbiotic (one capsule/day)) or mono-therapy (L-carnitine-tartrate (2 × 500 mg/dl) + maltodextrin (one capsule/day)) groups for 8 weeks. L-carnitine + synbiotic co-supplementation led to a significantly greater reduction in atherogenic-indices including atherogenic-index-of-plasma (AIP), Castelli's-risk-index-I (CRI-I), Castelli's-risk-index-II (CRI-II), atherogenic-coefficient (AC), lipoprotein-combine index (LCI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fat-mass (FM) weight/percent, visceral-adiposity index (VAI), waste-to-height ratio (WHtR), body-adiposity index (BAI), and appetite sensation scores compared to L-carnitine mono-therapy. L-carnitine + synbiotic combined supplementation was more efficient in improving atherogenic-indices as cardiovascular risk markers, body composition, visceral obesity, and appetite sensations in metabolically healthy women with obesity. Therefore, simultaneous supplementation of L-carnitine + synbiotic might be considered a promising approach to ameliorate cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy individuals with obesity. Further longer period studies are required to confirm these findings. (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT; https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/28048 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Fallah
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Wu Y, Gao D, Pan Y, Dong Y, Bai Z, Gu S. Modulation of Serum Metabolic Profiles by Bifidobacterium breve BBr60 in Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Foods 2024; 13:3655. [PMID: 39594072 PMCID: PMC11594036 DOI: 10.3390/foods13223655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2024] [Revised: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a prevalent metabolic disorder in youth, leads to complications and economic strain. Gut dysbiosis significantly contributes to obesity and metabolic issues. Bifidobacterium breve, a probiotic strain, may help regulate gut dysbiosis and benefit obese individuals. However, more research is needed on its effect on serum metabolism. A total of 75 overweight or obese young adults (aged 19-45) participated in the current study, and were randomly divided into probiotic and placebo groups using a random number table. Both groups received dietary guidance and underwent twelve weeks of intervention with either oral Bifidobacterium breve BBr60 (BBr60) or a placebo. After the intervention, collection and analysis of fasting serum samples were conducted using mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. Analyses of associations were conducted in order to determine the correlations between key serum metabolites and clinical obesity indicators, aiming to understand the influence of BBr60. Due to 10 participants dropping out for personal reasons, the study included 32 and 33 participants in the placebo and the BBr60 groups, respectively. The BBr60 intervention significantly regulated 134 serum metabolites and influenced crucial metabolic pathways in obesity management (p < 0.05), including ascorbate and aldarate metabolism for oxidative stress reduction, cholesterol metabolism for lipid regulation, parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action for the endocrine system, oxidative phosphorylation for enhanced energy efficiency, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis for glucose metabolism. Analysis showed a positive relationship between fasting blood glucose (FBG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), and the content of 5-Methyl DL-glutamate (p < 0.05). Similarly, body mass index (BMI), weight, and body fat percentage (BFP) were positively linked to serum metabolites (1-Hydroxycyclohexyl) acetic acid, and 5-Oxooctanoic acid (p < 0.05). Significant associations of AST levels with key serum metabolites in cholesterol metabolism pathways further suggest BBr60's potential to improve liver function and overall metabolic health in overweight or obese individuals. These findings support BBr60's effectiveness in modulating serum metabolic profiles and suggest it may improve liver function and BMI in overweight or obese individuals by regulating key serum metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.W.); (D.G.); (Y.P.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Dejiao Gao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.W.); (D.G.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yujia Pan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.W.); (D.G.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yao Dong
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Zhouya Bai
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Material, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Shaobin Gu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China; (Y.W.); (D.G.); (Y.P.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, Luoyang 471000, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Enache RM, Profir M, Roşu OA, Creţoiu SM, Gaspar BS. The Role of Gut Microbiota in the Onset and Progression of Obesity and Associated Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12321. [PMID: 39596385 PMCID: PMC11595101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252212321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a global public health problem, is constantly increasing, so the concerns in preventing and combating it are increasingly focused on the intestinal microbiota. It was found that the microbiota is different in lean people compared to obese individuals, but the exact mechanisms by which energy homeostasis is influenced are still incompletely known. Numerous studies show the involvement of certain bacterial species in promoting obesity and associated diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, etc. Our aim is to summarize the main findings regarding the influence of several factors such as lifestyle changes, including diet and bariatric surgery, on the diversity of the gut microbiota in obese individuals. The second purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential effect of various microbiota modulation techniques on ameliorating obesity and its comorbidities. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database, identifying articles published between 2019 and 2024. Most studies identified suggest that obesity is generally associated with alterations of the gut microbiome such as decreased microbial diversity, an increased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, and increased SCFAs levels. Our findings also indicate that gut microbiota modulation techniques could represent a novel strategy in treating obesity and related metabolic diseases. Although some mechanisms (e.g., inflammation or hormonal regulation) are already considered a powerful connection between gut microbiota and obesity development, further research is needed to enhance the knowledge on this particular topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Mihai Enache
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Monica Profir
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (O.A.R.)
- Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Alexandra Roşu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (O.A.R.)
- Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Creţoiu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (O.A.R.)
| | - Bogdan Severus Gaspar
- Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Surgery Clinic, Bucharest Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Li CP, Chen CC, Hsiao Y, Kao CH, Chen CC, Yang HJ, Tsai RY. The Role of Lactobacillus plantarum in Reducing Obesity and Inflammation: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7608. [PMID: 39062848 PMCID: PMC11276845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has underscored the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) in managing obesity among healthy adults. This meta-analysis reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from major databases up to May 2024, focusing on the effects of L. plantarum on body weight, body mass index (BMI), and metabolic parameters. This study has been registered in PROSPERO (number: CRD 42024531611). The analysis of nine studies revealed significant weight reduction and BMI decreases with L. plantarum supplementation compared to a placebo. Notably, using more than two strains together enhanced these effects. Improvements were also observed in abdominal fat and inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). This meta-analysis synthesizes evidence from nine RCTs to test the hypothesis that L. plantarum supplementation effectively reduces body weight and BMI in healthy adults compared to a placebo. However, variations in study designs, probiotic strains, and intervention durations call for more robust trials to confirm these benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Pi Li
- Department of Nursing, Tung’s Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 43503, Taiwan;
- Department of Public Healthy, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Chang Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yao Hsiao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.H.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Chieh-Hsin Kao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.H.); (C.-H.K.)
| | | | - Hao-Jan Yang
- Department of Public Healthy, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Yin Tsai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Mitchell E, Comerford K, Knight M, McKinney K, Lawson Y. A review of dairy food intake for improving health among black adults in the US. J Natl Med Assoc 2024; 116:253-273. [PMID: 38378306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The adult life stage encompasses a range of new experiences, opportunities, and responsibilities that impact health and well-being. During this life stage, health disparities continue to increase for Black Americans, with Black adults having a disproportionate burden of obesity, chronic diseases, comorbidities, and worse treatment outcomes compared to their White peers. While many of the underlying factors for these disparities can be linked to longstanding sociopolitical factors such as systemic racism, food insecurity, and poor access to healthcare, there are also several modifiable risk factors that are known to significantly impact health outcomes, such as improving diet quality, increasing physical activity, and not smoking. Of all the modifiable risk factors known to impact health, improving dietary habits is the factor most consistently associated with better outcomes for body weight and chronic disease. Of the major food groups recommended by the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) for achieving healthier dietary patterns, dairy foods have a nutrient profile which matches most closely to what Black Americans are inadequately consuming (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium). However, Black adults tend to consume less than half the recommended daily servings of dairy foods, in part, due to issues with lactose intolerance, making higher intake of dairy foods an ideal target for improving diet quality and health in this population. This review examines the current body of evidence exploring the links between dairy intake, obesity, cardiometabolic disease risk, chronic kidney disease, and the most common types of cancer, with a special focus on health and disparities among Black adults. Overall, the evidence from most systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses published in the last decade on dairy intake and health outcomes has been conducted on White populations and largely excluded research on Black populations. The findings from this extensive body of research indicate that when teamed with an energy-restricted diet, meeting or exceeding the DGA recommended 3 daily servings of dairy foods is associated with better body weight and composition outcomes and lower rates of most common chronic diseases than lower intake (<2 servings per day). In addition to the number of daily servings consumed, the specific types (e.g., milk, yogurt, cheese) and subtypes (e.g., low-fat, fermented, fortified) consumed have also been shown to play major roles in how these foods impact health. For example, higher intake of fermented dairy foods (e.g., yogurt) and vitamin D fortified dairy products appear to have the most protective effects for reducing chronic disease risk. Along with lactose-free milk and cheese, yogurt is also generally low in lactose, making it an excellent option for individuals with lactose intolerance, who are trying to meet the DGA recommendations for dairy food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edith Mitchell
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer at Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin Comerford
- OMNI Nutrition Science, California Dairy Research Foundation, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Michael Knight
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Kevin McKinney
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Yolanda Lawson
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Mishra N, Garg A, Ashique S, Bhatt S. Potential of postbiotics for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103921. [PMID: 38382867 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Postbiotics, the next generation of probiotics, are extracts that are free of living and nonviable bacteria and show strong modulatory effects on the gut flora. Examples include vitamin B12, vitamin K, folate, lipopolysaccharides, enzymes, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), representing a subset of essential nutrients commonly found in the human diet. Postbiotics have been observed to demonstrate antiobesity and antidiabetic effects through a variety of mechanisms. These pathways primarily involve an elevation in energy expenditure, a decrease in the formation and differentiation of adipocytes and food intake, modification of lipid and carbohydrate absorption and metabolism, and regulation of gut dysbiosis. Based on these above effects and mechanisms, the use of postbiotics can be considered as potential strategy for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior 474005, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru RamdasKhalsa Institute of Science and Technology (Pharmacy), Jabalpur 483001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Shvetank Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Saadati S, Naseri K, Asbaghi O, Yousefi M, Golalipour E, de Courten B. Beneficial effects of the probiotics and synbiotics supplementation on anthropometric indices and body composition in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13667. [PMID: 38030409 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies have suggested that probiotics and synbiotics can improve body weight and composition. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated mixed results. Hence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics on body weight and composition in adults. We searched PubMed/Medline, Ovid/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane library up to April 2023 using related keywords. We included all RCTs investigating the effectiveness of probiotics and/or synbiotics supplementation on anthropometric indices and body composition among adults. Random-effects models were applied for performing meta-analyses. In addition, we conducted subgroup analyses and meta-regression to explore the non-linear and linear relationship between the length of follow-up and the changes in each outcome. We included a total of 200 trials with 12,603 participants in the present meta-analysis. Probiotics or synbiotics intake led to a significant decrease in body weight (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.91 kg; 95% CI: -1.08, -0.75; p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.28 kg/m2 ; 95% CI: -0.36, -0.21; p < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (WMD: -1.14 cm; 95% CI: -1.42, -0.87; p < 0.001), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (WMD: -0.01; 95% CI: -0.01, -0.00; p < 0.001), fat mass (FM) (WMD: -0.92 kg; 95% CI: -1.05, -0.79; p < 0.001), and percentage of body fat (%BF) (WMD: -0.68%; 95% CI: -0.94, -0.42; p < 0.001) compared to controls. There was no difference in fat-free mass (FFM) and lean body mass (LBM). Subgroup analyses indicated that probiotics or synbiotics administered as food or supplement resulted in significant changes in anthropometric indices and body composition. However, compared to controls, FM and %BF values were only reduced after probiotic consumption. Our results showed that probiotics or synbiotics have beneficial effects on body weight, central obesity, and body composition in adults and could be useful as an add on to weight loss products and medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeede Saadati
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kaveh Naseri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yousefi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Golalipour
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Ahmad J, Khan I, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF. The gut microbiome in the fight against obesity: The potential of dietary factors. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23258. [PMID: 37843880 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300864rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity as a global public health burden has experienced a drastic growing trend recently. The management of obesity is challenging because of its complex etiology, and various factors are involved in its development, such as genetic and environmental factors. Different approaches are available to treat and/or manage obesity, including diet, physical activity, lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery. However, some of these approaches have inherent limitations and are closely associated with adverse effects. Therefore, probing into a novel/safe approach to treat and/or manage obesity is of fundamental importance. One such approach gaining renewed interest is the potential role of gut microbiota in obesity and its effectiveness in treating this condition. However, there is a dearth of comprehensive compilation of data on the potential role of the gut microbiome in obesity, particularly regarding dietary factors as a therapeutic approach. Therefore, this review aims to provide an updated overview of the role of gut microbiota in obesity, further highlighting the importance of dietary factors, particularly diet, prebiotics, and probiotics, as potential complementary and/or alternative therapeutic options. Moreover, the association of gut microbiota with obese or lean individuals has also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Ahmad
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Wu W, Chen Z, Han J, Qian L, Wang W, Lei J, Wang H. Endocrine, genetic, and microbiome nexus of obesity and potential role of postbiotics: a narrative review. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:84. [PMID: 37861729 PMCID: PMC10589153 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a public health crisis, presenting a huge burden on health care and the economic system in both developed and developing countries. According to the WHO's latest report on obesity, 39% of adults of age 18 and above are obese, with an increase of 18% compared to the last few decades. Metabolic energy imbalance due to contemporary lifestyle, changes in gut microbiota, hormonal imbalance, inherent genetics, and epigenetics is a major contributory factor to this crisis. Multiple studies have shown that probiotics and their metabolites (postbiotics) supplementation have an effect on obesity-related effects in vitro, in vivo, and in human clinical investigations. Postbiotics such as the SCFAs suppress obesity by regulating metabolic hormones such as GLP-1, and PPY thus reducing feed intake and suppressing appetite. Furthermore, muramyl di-peptides, bacteriocins, and LPS have been tested against obesity and yielded promising results in both human and mice studies. These insights provide an overview of targetable pharmacological sites and explore new opportunities for the safer use of postbiotics against obesity in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu First People's Hospital, Changshu, 215501, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiani Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacai Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaguan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310005, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Gayathiri E, Prakash P, Pratheep T, Ramasubburayan R, Thirumalaivasan N, Gaur A, Govindasamy R, Rengasamy KRR. Bio surfactants from lactic acid bacteria: an in-depth analysis of therapeutic properties and food formulation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:10925-10949. [PMID: 37401803 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2230491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Healthy humans and animals commonly harbor lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on their mucosal surfaces, which are often associated with food fermentation. These microorganisms can produce amphiphilic compounds, known as microbial surface-active agents, that exhibit remarkable emulsifying activity. However, the exact functions of these microbial surfactants within the producer cells remain unclear. Consequently, there is a growing urgency to develop biosurfactant production from nonpathogenic microbes, particularly those derived from LAB. This approach aims to harness the benefits of biosurfactants while ensuring their safety and applicability. This review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of native and genetically modified LAB biosurfactants, shedding light on microbial interactions, cell signaling, pathogenicity, and biofilm development. It aims to provide valuable insights into the applications of these active substances in therapeutic use and food formulation as well as their potential biological and other benefits. By synthesizing the latest knowledge and advancements, this review contributes to the understanding and utilization of LAB biosurfactants in the food and nutritional areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekambaram Gayathiri
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Guru Nanak College (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Thangaraj Pratheep
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Ramasubburayan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natesan Thirumalaivasan
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arti Gaur
- Department of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajakumar Govindasamy
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (LNPMC), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
Mayta-Tovalino F, Diaz-Arocutipa C, Piscoya A, Hernandez AV. Effects of Probiotics on Intermediate Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072554. [PMID: 37048636 PMCID: PMC10095238 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical trials evaluating the effect of probiotics on cardiovascular intermediate outcomes have been scarce in recent years. We systematically evaluated the efficacy of probiotics on intermediate cardiovascular outcomes in patients with overweight or obesity. Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in four databases (until August 2021) that evaluated the effects of probiotics versus controls on intermediate cardiovascular outcomes. The outcomes were body mass index (BMI), weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Inverse variance random effects meta-analyses were used. The effects were reported as mean difference (MD), with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The quality of evidence (QoE) was assessed with GRADE (grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluations) methodology. Results: A total of 25 RCTs were included (n = 2170), with a range of follow-up from two to six months. Probiotics likely reduced BMI (MD −0.27 kg/m2, 95%CI: −0.35 to −0.19; 17 RCTs; I2 = 26%, QoE: moderate), as well as likely reduced weight (MD −0.61 kg, 95%CI: −0.89 to −0.34; 15 RCTs; I2 = 0%, QoE: moderate), and may have slightly reduce LDL (MD −4.08 mg/dL; 95%CI: −6.99 to −1.17; 9 RCTs; I2 = 87%, QoE: low) in comparison to the controls. However, probiotics had no effect on SBP (MD −0.40 mmHg; 95%CI: −5.04 to 4.25; 7 RCTs; I2 = 100%, QoE: very low), DBP (MD −1.73 mmHg; 95%CI: −5.29 to 1.82; 5 RCTs; I2 = 98%, QoE: very low), glucose (MD −0.07 mg/dL; 95%CI −0.89 to 0.75; I2 = 96%, QoE: very low), HDL (MD −1.83 mg/dL; 95%CI: −4.14 to 2.47; 14 RCTs; I2 = 98%, QoE: very low), or triglycerides (MD −3.29 mg/dL, 95%CI −17.03 to 10.45; 14 RCTs, I2 = 95%, QoE: very low) compared to control arms, and the evidence was very uncertain. Conclusions: In obese or overweight patients, BMI, weight, and LDL were lower in patients who received probiotics compared to those who received controls. Other lipids, glucose, and blood pressure were not affected by the probiotics.
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Porchia LM, Vazquez-Marroquin G, Ochoa-Précoma R, Pérez-Fuentes R, Gonzalez-Mejia ME. Probiotics' effect on visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1646-1656. [PMID: 35418606 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are shown to alter the microbiota, leading to a favorable environment, in which weight loss and metabolic parameters are improve. However, the results on probiotics' effect on specific types of central adipose tissues, mainly visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), are conflicting. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review, aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on VAT and SAT. PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and LILACS databases were searched for studies that investigated the effect of probiotics on VAT and SAT. Fixed effects were used to calculate the pooled difference in means (DM) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Fourteen publications met the inclusion criteria, which consisted of 1523 participants. For VAT, overall, there was a significant decrease (DM = -3.63 cm2, 95% CI: -5.08 to -2.17, p < 0.001). When stratified by type of probiotic, single Bifidobacterium (DM = -4.49 cm2, 95% CI:-7.37 to -1.61, p = 0.002) and single Lactobacillus probiotics (DM = -3.84 cm2, 95% CI:-5.74 to -1.93, p < 0.001) resulted in significant reductions. Mixed probiotics had no effect. For SAT, overall, there was a significant decrease (DM = -2.91 cm2, 95% CI:-4.82 to -1.01, p = 0.003), and when stratified by type of probiotic, single Lactobacillus (DM = -3.39 cm2, 95% CI:-5.90 to -0.88, p = 0.008) and mixed probiotics (DM = -5.97 cm2, 95% CI:-10.32 to -1.62, p = 0.007) resulted in a significant decrease. Single Bifidobacterium probiotics had no effect. Using meta-regression, no association was observed between the total daily probiotic dose and VAT or SAT reduction. This study shows that probiotics have a beneficial effect on central adiposity. Single Lactobacillus-based probiotics reduced VAT and SAT, whereas Bifidobacterium-based probiotics reduce VAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M Porchia
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología en Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de investigación Biomédica de Oriente, IMSS. Delegación Puebla, Carretera Federal Atlixco Metepec Km. 4.5, Colonia Centro, C.P, 74360, Atlixco, Puebla, México
| | - Gabriela Vazquez-Marroquin
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Carretera Federal Tlaxcala, Puebla. S/N; Km. 1.5, Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, 90062, Mexico
| | - Renata Ochoa-Précoma
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Calle 13 Sur 2901, Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología en Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de investigación Biomédica de Oriente, IMSS. Delegación Puebla, Carretera Federal Atlixco Metepec Km. 4.5, Colonia Centro, C.P, 74360, Atlixco, Puebla, México
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Calle 13 Sur 2901, Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M Elba Gonzalez-Mejia
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Calle 13 Sur 2901, Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, México.
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Li W, Song Y, Cao Y, Zhang L, Zhao G, Wu D, Zou L. Total saponins from quinoa bran alleviate high-fat diet-induced obesity and systemic inflammation via regulation of gut microbiota in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3876-3889. [PMID: 36348812 PMCID: PMC9632199 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, biologically active ingredients derived from natural plants or functional foods have raised considerable interests for its anti-obesity effect. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a traditional staple food in the Andean regions of Peru which contains a variety of bioactive components. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of total saponins extracted from quinoa bran (TSQ) on obese rats and explore whether the underlying mechanism is related to intestinal microbiota. Results showed that TSQ could decrease the body weight gain and visceral fat accumulation in the obese rats. Moreover, trends in ameliorating insulin resistance and improved glucose tolerance were observed. Indeed, Pearson's correlations analysis revealed that the variation in gut microbial composition was highly correlated to insulin resistance, IL-6, and LPS levels. Collectively, these results suggest that the prevention of obesity and inflammation by TSQ may be mediated by the modulation of gut microbial composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Preclinical MedicineChengdu UniversityChengduChina
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ya‐Nan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Le‐Le Zhang
- School of Preclinical MedicineChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ding‐Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Qiu X, Wu Q, Li W, Tang K, Zhang J. Effects of Lactobacillus supplementation on glycemic and lipid indices in overweight or obese adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1787-1797. [PMID: 35820261 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota may represent an important factor to affect the development of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Although several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have explored the ability of Lactobacillus to improve metabolic parameters in adults who are overweight or obese, their findings have been inconsistent and require further analysis. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the ability of Lactobacillus supplementation to improve glycemic control, the lipid profile, and blood pressure in adults who are overweight or obese. METHODS Seven electronic databases and two trial registers were searched up to April 2022 to identify eligible RCTs evaluating the effects of Lactobacillus supplementation in overweight or obese adults. Mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS Nine eligible RCTs with 598 participants were included. We found that Lactobacillus supplementation significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD -5.27 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI] -8.28, -2.25; P = 0.0006) and total cholesterol (MD -4.84 mg/dL; 95% CI -8.29, -1.39; P = 0.006), particularly when taken in capsule, powder, or tablet form, for 12 weeks, as ≥1 × 1010 colony forming units/day, or as part of a normal diet. Benefits of Lactobacillus on fasting plasma glucose were seen after 12 weeks of supplementation (MD -1.81 mg/dL; 95% CI -3.08, -0.54; P = 0.005) and on triglycerides when taking a normal diet (MD -14.14 mg/dL; 95% CI -24.38, -3.91; P = 0.007). Lactobacillus had only a short-term beneficial effect on fasting plasma insulin and blood pressure and no significant beneficial effect on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus supplementation has a beneficial effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol in adults who are overweight or obese, and also on fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides under certain conditions. Therefore, Lactobacillus supplementation represents a promising approach in the management of obesity-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Qiu
- Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kairan Tang
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Bourebaba Y, Marycz K, Mularczyk M, Bourebaba L. Postbiotics as potential new therapeutic agents for metabolic disorders management. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113138. [PMID: 35717780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and related metabolic disorders has been steadily increasing in the past few decades. Apart from the establishment of caloric restrictions in combination with improved physical activity, there are no effective pharmacological treatments for most metabolic disorders. Many scientific-studies have described various beneficial effects of probiotics in regulating metabolism but others questioned their effectiveness and safety. Postbiotics are defined as preparation of inanimate microorganisms, and/or their components, which determine their safety of use and confers a health benefit to the host. Additionally, unlike probiotics postbiotics do not require stringent production/storage conditions. Recently, many lines of evidence demonstrated that postbiotics may be beneficial in metabolic disorders management via several potential effects including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-proliferative, and hypocholesterolaemia properties that enhance both the immune system and intestinal barrier functions by acting directly on specific tissues of the intestinal epithelium, but also on various organs or tissues. In view of the many reports that demonstrated the high biological activity and safety of postbiotics, we summarized in the present review the current findings reporting the beneficial effects of various probiotics derivatives for the management of metabolic disorders and related alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Bourebaba
- Laboratoire de Biomathématique, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria.
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95516, USA
| | - Malwina Mularczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Malin, 55-114 Wisznia Mała, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
|
17
|
Effects of Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 on Overweight and the Gut Microbiota in Humans: Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122484. [PMID: 35745214 PMCID: PMC9228474 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are closely related to diet, and the gut microbiota play an important role in body weight and human health. The aim of this study was to explore how Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 supplementation alleviate obesity by modulating the human gut microbiome. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 72 individuals with overweight. Over a 12-week period, probiotic groups consumed 1 × 1010 colony-forming units of HY7601 and KY1032, whereas the placebo group consumed the same product without probiotics. After treatment, the probiotic group displayed a reduction in body weight (p < 0.001), visceral fat mass (p < 0.025), and waist circumference (p < 0.007), and an increase in adiponectin (p < 0.046), compared with the placebo group. Additionally, HY7601 and KY1032 supplementation modulated bacterial gut microbiota characteristics and beta diversity by increasing Bifidobacteriaceae and Akkermansiaceae and decreasing Prevotellaceae and Selenomonadaceae. In summary, HY7601 and KY1032 probiotics exert anti-obesity effects by regulating the gut microbiota; hence, they have therapeutic potential for preventing or alleviating obesity and living with overweight.
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Han H, Zhong R, Zhou Y, Xiong B, Chen L, Jiang Y, Liu L, Sun H, Tan J, Tao F, Zhao Y, Zhang H. Hydroxytyrosol Benefits Boar Semen Quality via Improving Gut Microbiota and Blood Metabolome. Front Nutr 2022; 8:815922. [PMID: 35111800 PMCID: PMC8802763 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.815922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Semen quality is one of the most important factors for the success of artificial insemination which has been widely applied in swine industry to take the advantages of the superior genetic background and higher fertility capability of boars. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a polyphenol, has attracted broad interest due to its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Sperm plasma membrane contains a large proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids which is easily impaired by oxidative stress and thus to diminish semen quality. In current investigation, we aimed to explore the effects of dietary supplementation of HT on boar semen quality and the underlying mechanisms. Dietary supplementation of HT tended to increase sperm motility and semen volume/ejaculation. And the follow-up 2 months (without HT, just basal diet), the semen volume was significantly more while the abnormal sperm was less in HT group than that in control group. HT increased the “beneficial microbes” Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Intestinimonas, Coprococcus, and Butyricicoccus, however, decreased the relative abundance of “harmful microbes” Streptococcus, Oscillibacter, Clostridium_sensu_stricto, Escherichia, Phascolarctobacterium, and Barnesiella. Furthermore, HT increased plamsa steroid hormones such as testosterone and its derivatives, and antioxidant molecules while decreased bile acids and the derivatives. All the data suggest that HT improves gut microbiota to benefit plasma metabolites then to enhance spermatogenesis and semen quality. HT may be used as dietary additive to enhance boar semen quality in swine industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yexun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bohui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqing Sun
- YangXiang Joint Stock Company, Guigang, China
| | - Jiajian Tan
- YangXiang Joint Stock Company, Guigang, China
| | - Fuping Tao
- Hangzhou Viablife Biotech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhao ;
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hongfu Zhang
| |
Collapse
|
|
19
|
He D, Su Y, Meng D, Wang X, Wang J, Ye H. A pilot study optimizing metabolomic and lipidomic acquisition in serum for biomarker discovery in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2021; 22:17-25. [PMID: 34939051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The worldwide prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has stimulated work to identify biomarkers and develop effective treatments. Metabolomics is an emerging tool that has been widely applied to discover biomarkers and simultaneously uncover pathological mechanisms. Here, we aim to optimize metabolomic acquisition with the goal of obtaining a systemic metabolic profile to unravel the potential link between dysregulated metabolism and NAFLD. Methods We analyzed serum samples collected from healthy subjects (n = 8) and NAFLD patients (n = 8) via an integrative analytical workflow using two orthogonal separation modes with T3 and amide columns and two ionization polarity modes on a UPLC-ESI-Q/TOF. Data dependent acquisition was employed for data acquisition. Differentially expressed metabolites and lipids were identified by comparing the collected metabolic and lipidomic profiles between the healthy subjects and NAFLD patients. Results The integrative LC-MS/MS analytical workflow employed here features an improved coverage of metabolites and lipids, which leads to the identification of 20 potential biomarkers of NAFLD, including lipids, acylcarnitines, and organic acids. Conclusions This pilot study has identified potential biomarkers for NAFLD and revealed corresponding dysregulated metabolic pathways related to NAFLD's occurrence and progression, establishing a molecular basis for NAFLD diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACN, acetonitrile
- Acylcarnitines
- DGs, diacylglycerols
- EICs, extracted ion chromatograms
- ESI− and ESI+, ionization polarity modes
- FA, Formic acid
- FC, fold change
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HILIC, hydrophilic interaction chromatography
- LE, Leucine enkephalin
- LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- Lipids
- MCD, methionine-choline-deficient
- MGs, monoacylglycerols
- MS, mass spectrometry
- Metabolic biomarkers
- Metabolomics
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis
- PCs, phosphorylcholines
- PEs, phosphatidylethanolamines
- PKC∊, protein kinase C∊
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic
- RPLC, reversed-phase liquid chromatography
- T3-neg, T3 column-based reverse phase separation plus the negative ion mode
- T3-pos, T3 column-based reverse phase separation plus the positive ion mode
- TIC, total ion chromatogram
- VIP, variable importance
- amide-neg, amide column-based HILIC separation plus the negative ion mode
- amide-pos, amide column-based HILIC separation plus the positive ion mode
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan He
- Experimental Center of Molecular and Cellular Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Su
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Duanyue Meng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Nanjing First Hospital, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210001, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang #24, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
20
|
Impact of combined consumption of fish oil and probiotics on the serum metabolome in pregnant women with overweight or obesity. EBioMedicine 2021; 73:103655. [PMID: 34740110 PMCID: PMC8577343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND If a pregnant woman is overweight, this can evoke metabolic alterations that may have health consequences for both mother and child. METHODS Pregnant women with overweight/obesity (n = 358) received fish oil+placebo, probiotics+placebo, fish oil+probiotics or placebo+placebo from early pregnancy onwards. The serum metabolome was analysed from fasting samples with a targeted NMR-approach in early and late pregnancy. GDM was diagnosed by OGTT. FINDINGS The intervention changed the metabolic profile of the women, but the effect was influenced by their GDM status. In women without GDM, the changes in nine lipids (FDR<0.05) in the fish oil+placebo-group differed when compared to the placebo+placebo-group. The combination of fish oil and probiotics induced changes in more metabolites, 46 of the lipid metabolites differed in women without GDM when compared to placebo+placebo-group; these included reduced increases in the concentrations and lipid constituents of VLDL-particles and less pronounced alterations in the ratios of various lipids in several lipoproteins. In women with GDM, no differences were detected in the changes of any metabolites due to any of the interventions when compared to the placebo+placebo-group (FDR<0.05). INTERPRETATION Fish oil and particularly the combination of fish oil and probiotics modified serum lipids in pregnant women with overweight or obesity, while no such effects were seen with probiotics alone. The effects were most evident in the lipid contents of VLDL and LDL only in women without GDM. FUNDING State Research Funding for university-level health research in the Turku University Hospital Expert Responsibility Area, Academy of Finland, the Diabetes Research Foundation, the Juho Vainio Foundation, Janssen Research & Development, LLC.
Collapse
|
|
21
|
Obesity as the 21st Century's major disease: The role of probiotics and prebiotics in prevention and treatment. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
|
22
|
Pontes KSDS, Guedes MR, Cunha MRD, Mattos SDS, Barreto Silva MI, Neves MF, Marques BCAA, Klein MRST. Effects of probiotics on body adiposity and cardiovascular risk markers in individuals with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4915-4931. [PMID: 34358838 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Evidence suggests that gut microbiota is a potential factor in the pathophysiology of both obesity and related metabolic disorders. While individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the effects of probiotics on adiposity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in subjects with overweight and obesity, the results are inconsistent. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on body weight, body adiposity and CVD risk markers in overweight and obese subjects. METHODS A systematic search for RCTs published up to December 2020 was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus and LILACS. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model was chosen to analyze the impact of combined trials. RESULTS Twenty-six RCTs (n = 1720) were included. Data pooling showed a significant effect of probiotics in reducing body weight (MD:-0.70 kg; 95%CI:-1.04,-0.35 kg; P < 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (MD:-0.24 kg/m2; 95%CI:-0.35,-0.12 kg/m2; P = 0.0001), waist circumference (WC) (MD:-1.13 cm; 95%CI:-1.54,-0.73 cm; P < 0.0001), fat mass (MD:-0.71 kg; 95%CI:-1.10,-0.32 kg; P = 0.0004), tumor necrosis factor-α (MD:-0.16 pg/ml; 95%CI:-0.24,-0.08 pg/ml; P = 0.0001), insulin (MD:-0.85mcU/ml; 95%CI:-1.50,-0.21mcU/ml; P = 0.010), total cholesterol (MD:-0.16 mmol/l; 95%CI:-0.26,-0.05 mmol/l; P = 0.003) and LDL (MD:-0.09 mmol/l; 95%CI:-0.16,-0.03 mmol/l; P = 0.006) compared with control groups. There was a significant decrease in body weight, BMI and WC in studies using both single and multi-bacterial species. Decreases in body adiposity parameters were only observed in studies using a probiotic dose of ≥ 1010 CFU and for ≥8 weeks duration. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggests that probiotics consumption may be helpful for improving body weight, body adiposity and some CVD risk markers in individuals with overweight and obesity. The review was registered on PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews): CRD42020183136.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Scanci da Silva Pontes
- Post-Graduation Program in Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Professor Manuel de Abreu, 444, Térreo - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Marcella Rodrigues Guedes
- Post-Graduation Program in Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Professor Manuel de Abreu, 444, Térreo - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Rabello da Cunha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Samanta de Souza Mattos
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Maria Inês Barreto Silva
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 12º Andar, Bloco D, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20559-900, Brazil; Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Av. Pasteur, 296, Botafogo, 3º Andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-250, Brazil.
| | - Mario Fritsch Neves
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Cristina Antunes Alves Marques
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av.Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 77 Sala 329, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Av. Binário do Porto, 831, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20081-250, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Regina Simas Torres Klein
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 - Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 12º Andar, Bloco D, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20559-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
|
23
|
Garcia-Gonzalez N, Battista N, Prete R, Corsetti A. Health-Promoting Role of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Isolated from Fermented Foods. Microorganisms 2021; 9:349. [PMID: 33578806 PMCID: PMC7916596 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation processes have been used for centuries for food production and preservation. Besides the contribution of fermentation to food quality, recently, scientific interest in the beneficial nature of fermented foods as a reservoir of probiotic candidates is increasing. Fermented food microbes are gaining attention for their health-promoting potential and for being genetically related to human probiotic bacteria. Among them, Lactiplantibacillus (Lpb.) plantarum strains, with a long history in the food industry as starter cultures in the production of a wide variety of fermented foods, are being investigated for their beneficial properties which are similar to those of probiotic strains, and they are also applied in clinical interventions. Food-associated Lpb. plantarum showed a good adaptation and adhesion ability in the gastro-intestinal tract and the potential to affect host health through various beneficial activities, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidative, antigenotoxic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, in several in vitro and in vivo studies. This review provides an overview of fermented-associated Lpb. plantarum health benefits with evidence from clinical studies. Probiotic criteria that fermented-associated microbes need to fulfil are also reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberta Prete
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (N.G.-G.); (N.B.); (A.C.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
24
|
Davoodvandi A, Marzban H, Goleij P, Sahebkar A, Morshedi K, Rezaei S, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Tarrahimofrad H, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Effects of therapeutic probiotics on modulation of microRNAs. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:4. [PMID: 33430873 PMCID: PMC7798223 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00668-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that exist within the human gut, and which are also present in different food products and supplements. They have been investigated for some decades, due to their potential beneficial impact on human health. Probiotics compete with pathogenic microorganisms for adhesion sites within the gut, to antagonize them or to regulate the host immune response resulting in preventive and therapeutic effects. Therefore, dysbiosis, defined as an impairment in the gut microbiota, could play a role in various pathological conditions, such as lactose intolerance, gastrointestinal and urogenital infections, various cancers, cystic fibrosis, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, and can also be caused by antibiotic side effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner. miRNAs are biochemical biomarkers that play an important role in almost all cellular signaling pathways in many healthy and disease states. For the first time, the present review summarizes current evidence suggesting that the beneficial properties of probiotics could be explained based on the pivotal role of miRNAs. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Havva Marzban
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouya Goleij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology,Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Korosh Morshedi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rezaei
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Tarrahimofrad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
|
25
|
Sohn M, Na GY, Chu J, Joung H, Kim BK, Lim S. Efficacy and Safety of Lactobacillus plantarum K50 on Lipids in Koreans With Obesity: A Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:790046. [PMID: 35126309 PMCID: PMC8807682 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.790046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only few studies have investigated the role of probiotics in the development of obesity. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of an intake of Lactobacillus plantarum K50 (LPK) on body fat and lipid profiles in people with obesity. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial involved 81 adults with a body mass index of 25-30 kg/m2 who were assigned randomly to a diet including 4 × 109 colony-forming unit of LPK or a placebo. Changes in body fat, anthropometric parameters, and biomarkers of obesity were compared using a linear mixed-effect model. RESULTS After 12 weeks of treatment, body weight, fat mass, and abdominal fat area did not change significantly in the two groups. However, total cholesterol levels decreased from 209.4 ± 34.4 mg/dL to 203.5 ± 30.9 mg/dL in the LPK group, but increased from 194.7 ± 37.5 mg/dL to 199.9 ± 30.7 mg/dL in the placebo group (P = 0.037). Similarly, triglyceride levels decreased from 135.4 ± 115.8 mg/dL to 114.5 ± 65.9 mg/dL in the LPK group, with a significant difference between groups. LPK supplementation also tended to decrease leptin levels compared with placebo. It also changed the distribution of gut microbiota significantly, with an increase in L. plantarum and a decrease in Actinobacteria, both of whose changes in abundance were correlated with changes in visceral adiposity, with borderline significance. CONCLUSION A 12-week consumption of LPK reduced the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly with favorable alterations in microbiota, suggesting potential benefits for controlling blood lipid profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minji Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ga Yoon Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jaeryang Chu
- Microbiome Research Laboratory, Chong Kun Dang BiO Corporation (CKD BiO Corp.) Research Institute, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Hyunchae Joung
- Microbiome Research Laboratory, Chong Kun Dang BiO Corporation (CKD BiO Corp.) Research Institute, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Byung-Kook Kim
- Head of Probiotics & Microbiome Part, Chong Kun Dang Bio Corporation (CKD BiO Corp.) Research Institute, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Soo Lim,
| |
Collapse
|
|
26
|
Effects of probiotic supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
|
27
|
Cabral LQT, Ximenez JA, Moreno KGT, Fernandes R. Probiotics have minimal effects on appetite-related hormones in overweight or obese individuals: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1776-1787. [PMID: 33143930 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Overweight and obese individuals show changes in mechanisms related to appetite due to several factors, including excess fat and gut microbiota imbalance. Probiotics have been presented as a strategy for modulating gut microbiota and regulating these mechanisms. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of probiotics on appetite-related hormones in overweight or obese individuals. METHODS A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was performed in nine electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, PsycINFO, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov and Open Grey) and in a manual search of studies until March 20, 2020. The risk of bias of each study was appraised using the RoB 2.0 tool. All research stages were carefully based on PRISMA recommendations. RESULTS Twenty-four studies (1587 participants) were included in this systematic review. The outcomes related to appetite assessed in the included studies were: leptin, insulin, adiponectin, resistin, nesfatin-1, adropin, omentin-1, GLP-1, GLP-2 and glucagon. Compared to the control group after supplementation, four studies involving 272 participants reported statistically significant reduction in fasting insulin. On the other hand, one study involving 56 participants reported statistically significant increase in adropin and omentin-1. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics have minimal effects on appetite-related hormones in overweight or obese individuals. However, knowledge in this area is progressing and further studies with a low risk of bias may help to clarify the role of probiotics in appetite control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Post-Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
|
28
|
Dixon A, Robertson K, Yung A, Que M, Randall H, Wellalagodage D, Cox T, Robertson D, Chi C, Sun J. Efficacy of Probiotics in Patients of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:74. [PMID: 32860083 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-01080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis examined the effect of probiotics on outcomes associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors (high blood pressure, overweight BMI, high cholesterol and triglycerides, elevated HbA1c and serum glucose). All randomised controlled trials publish on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Grey Literature and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from 1990 to 2020 were systematically searched. The PEDro scale was used to assess the quality of studies. A total of 34 studies with 2177 adults were selected for inclusion in the analysis. The mean difference and effect size with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were analysed for the pooled results. Statistically significant pooled effects of probiotics were found in the reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-C, serum glucose, HbA1C and BMI; and elevation of HDL-C. No significant changes were observed in the outcome of triglycerides. Subgroup analysis revealed statistically significant effects of probiotics on the treatment of risk factors, with results favouring longer duration of treatment (> 1.5 months), use of alternate formulations (kefir and powder), higher dosage of probiotics (> 1.0 × 109 CFU), lower rate of study attrition (< 15%), double blinding of the study, diabetic patients and female populations. In summary, our meta-analysis showed a highly significant reduction in SBP, DBP associated with type 2 diabetes and in patients with diabetes mellitus, milk intake and more than 1.5 months duration intake. The effect on the reduction of total cholesterol LDL-C was associated with diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, yoghurt intake and less than 1.5 months probiotic intake. The effect on the reduction of glucose and HbA1c was associated with diabetes, small dosage of probiotics, milk type and less than 1.5 months duration intake. Additionally, probiotic supplement had a beneficial effect in reducing BMI associated with obesity, higher dosage intake of probiotics and more than 1.5 months duration of intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asher Dixon
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Q4222, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,St Paul's College Graduate House, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kai Robertson
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Amanda Yung
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Que
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Hayden Randall
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,St Paul's College Graduate House, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Don Wellalagodage
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,St Paul's College Graduate House, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Tynan Cox
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Q4222, Australia
| | - Dylan Robertson
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Q4222, Australia
| | - Cheng Chi
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Q4222, Australia
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Q4222, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
|
29
|
Wiciński M, Gębalski J, Gołębiewski J, Malinowski B. Probiotics for the Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Humans-A Review of Clinical Trials. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081148. [PMID: 32751306 PMCID: PMC7465252 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 400 million people are obese, and over 1.6 billion adults are overweight worldwide. Annually, over 2.8 million people die from obesity-related diseases. The incidence of overweight and obesity is steadily increasing, and this phenomenon is referred to as a 21st-century pandemic. The main reason for this phenomenon is an easy access to high-energy, processed foods, and a low-activity lifestyle. These changes lead to an energy imbalance and, as a consequence, to the development of body fat. Weight gain contributes to the development of heart diseases, skeletal system disorders, metabolic disorders such as diabetes, and certain types of cancer. In recent years, there have been many works linking obesity with intestinal microbiota. Experiments on germ-free animals (GFs) have provided much evidence for the contribution of bacteria to obesity. The composition of the gut microbiota (GM) changes in obese people. These changes affect the degree of energy obtained from food, the composition and secretory functions of adipose tissue, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism in the liver, and the activity of centers in the brain. The study aimed to present the current state of knowledge about the role of intestinal microbiota in the development of obesity and the impact of supplementation with probiotic bacteria on the health of overweight and obese patients.
Collapse
|
|
30
|
Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Kaczmarczyk M, Śliwa-Dominiak J, Maciejewska D, Janda K, Stachowska E, Łoniewska B, Malinowski D, Borecki K, Marlicz W, Łoniewski I. The Effect of Probiotics and Synbiotics on Risk Factors Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases in Healthy People-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061788. [PMID: 32521799 PMCID: PMC7357153 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of probiotic/synbiotic formulations to counteract cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in healthy people not receiving adjunctive medication. The systematic search (PubMed/MEDLINE/Embase) until 1 August 2019 was performed for randomized controlled trials in >20 adult patients. Random-effect meta-analysis subgroup and meta-regression analysis of co-primary (haemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), glucose, insulin, body weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides, and blood pressure) and secondary outcomes (uric acid, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-PAI-1, fibrinogen, and any variable related to inflammation/endothelial dysfunction). We included 61 trials (5422 persons). The mean time of probiotic administration was 67.01 ± 38.72 days. Most of probiotic strains were of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. The other strains were Streptococci, Enterococci, and Pediococci. The daily probiotic dose varied between 106 and 1010 colony-forming units (CFU)/gram. Probiotics/synbiotics counteracted CMR factors (endpoint data on BMI: standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.156, p = 0.006 and difference in means (DM) = -0.45, p = 0.00 and on WC: SMD = -0.147, p = 0.05 and DM = -1.21, p = 0.02; change scores on WC: SMD = -0.166, p = 0.04 and DM = -1.35, p = 0.03) in healthy persons. Overweight/obese healthy people might additionally benefit from reducing total cholesterol concentration (change scores on WC in overweight/obese: SMD: -0.178, p = 0.049). Poor quality of probiotic-related trials make systematic reviews and meta-analyses difficult to conduct and draw definite conclusions. "Gold standard" methodology in probiotic studies awaits further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | | | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | | | - Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Janda
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Beata Łoniewska
- Department of Neonatal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Borecki
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (I.Ł.); Tel.: +48-91-425-3231 (W.M.)
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (K.S.-Ż.); (D.M.); (K.J.); (E.S.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (I.Ł.); Tel.: +48-91-425-3231 (W.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
31
|
A randomised controlled study shows supplementation of overweight and obese adults with lactobacilli and bifidobacteria reduces bodyweight and improves well-being. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4183. [PMID: 32144319 PMCID: PMC7060206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In an exploratory, block-randomised, parallel, double-blind, single-centre, placebo-controlled superiority study (ISRCTN12562026, funded by Cultech Ltd), 220 Bulgarian participants (30 to 65 years old) with BMI 25-34.9 kg/m2 received Lab4P probiotic (50 billion/day) or a matched placebo for 6 months. Participants maintained their normal diet and lifestyle. Primary outcomes were changes in body weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), blood pressure and plasma lipids. Secondary outcomes were changes in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), the diversity of the faecal microbiota, quality of life (QoL) assessments and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Significant between group decreases in body weight (1.3 kg, p < 0.0001), BMI (0.045 kg/m2, p < 0.0001), WC (0.94 cm, p < 0.0001) and WtHR (0.006, p < 0.0001) were in favour of the probiotic. Stratification identified greater body weight reductions in overweight subjects (1.88%, p < 0.0001) and in females (1.62%, p = 0.0005). Greatest weight losses were among probiotic hypercholesterolaemic participants (-2.5%, p < 0.0001) alongside a significant between group reduction in small dense LDL-cholesterol (0.2 mmol/L, p = 0.0241). Improvements in QoL and the incidence rate ratio of URTI (0.60, p < 0.0001) were recorded for the probiotic group. No adverse events were recorded. Six months supplementation with Lab4P probiotic resulted in significant weight reduction and improved small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) profiles, QoL and URTI incidence outcomes in overweight/obese individuals.
Collapse
|
|
32
|
Pongpirul K, Janchot K, Dai Y. Single strain probiotics for dyslipidemia, fatty liver, and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Meta-Anal 2019; 7:323-338. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v7.i6.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of non-systematic reviews on the effects or mechanisms of probiotics on improving dyslipidemia, fatty liver, and obesity have been available but inconclusive to determine the independent effects of probiotics on each of the three conditions.
AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on potential benefits of probiotics among individuals with fatty liver or obesity or hyperlipidemia.
METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase. Adult participants of any gender without major comorbidities who received probiotics were considered following these criteria: (1) Studies on a single genus of probiotics with or without prebiotics; (2) Studies specifying the probiotic dosage into colony-forming units (CFUs); and (3) Studies on food-based probiotics were excluded. The primary outcome measures for fatty liver, obesity, and dyslipidemia were fibrosis score (kPa), body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), and serum lipid profiles (mg/dL), respectively. The secondary outcome measures for fatty liver and obesity were liver enzymes (U/L) and subcutaneous fat area (cm2).
RESULTS A total of 13 articles, published between 1997 and 2018, fulfilled the selection criteria. Three probiotics were included, of which Lactobacillus was the most commonly studied (10 studies), followed by Bifidobacterium (two studies) and Pediococcus (one study). Probiotics significantly reduced BMI (P = 0.013), total cholesterol (P = 0.011), and low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.006) while increased high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.028); high heterogeneities were observed. Only Lactobacillus could decrease triglyceride level (P = 0.005) with low heterogeneity. No included studies reported fibrosis score, liver functions, subcutaneous fat outcomes.
CONCLUSION Single probiotics, especially Lactobacillus, have a potentially beneficial effect on improving obesity and dyslipidemia. Evidence on the fatty liver is limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krit Pongpirul
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | | | - Yudi Dai
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
|
33
|
A Review on Role of Microbiome in Obesity and Antiobesity Properties of Probiotic Supplements. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3291367. [PMID: 31211135 PMCID: PMC6532319 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3291367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are now recognized for several health benefits and they have been recommended as a complementary therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders. Obesity is an altered health condition, which is a resultant of irregular energy intake and energy balance, changes in gut microbiota, and improper diet with the influence of genetic makeup and environmental factors. Several studies revealed the influence of probiotic supplementation on obesity-associated consequences in vitro, in vivo, and in human clinical studies. The current manuscript discussed the factors influencing the occurrence of obesity, the interplay between microbiome and obesity, the effect of the probiotic intervention on the health status of obese people, and possible mechanism of antiobesity activity of probiotics. The literature survey revealed that the antiobese activity of probiotics might be associated with their ability to alter the intestinal microbiota, remodeling of energy metabolism, alter the expression of genes related to thermogenesis, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism, and change the parasympathetic nerve activity. Further intense research is necessary to figure out the best probiotic or synbiotic mixture and optimum dosage and duration of the intervention to reduce obesity and prevent the recurring of obese condition.
Collapse
|
|
34
|
The Potential Role of Probiotics in Controlling Overweight/Obesity and Associated Metabolic Parameters in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3862971. [PMID: 31118956 PMCID: PMC6500612 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3862971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of overweight/obesity in adults is raised to 39%, which is nearly tripled more than 1975. The alteration of the gut microbiome has been widely accepted as one of the main causal factors. To find an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of overweight/obesity, a systematic review and meta-analysis were designed. Methods In this study, we systematically reviewed the article published from January 2008 to July 2018 and conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effects of probiotics on body weight control, lipid profile, and glycemic control in healthy adults with overweight or obesity. The primary outcomes were body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass, fat percentages, plasma lipid profiles, and glucose metabolic parameters. Results We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science and identified 1248 articles, and 7 articles which were manually searched by the references of included studies and previously systematic reviews. Twelve randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including 821 participants, were included in the meta-analysis via full-text screening. Probiotics supplementation resulted in a statistical reduction in body weight (WMD [95% CI]; -0.55 [-0.91, -0.19] kg), BMI (WMD [95% CI]; -0.30 [-0.43, -0.18] kg m−2), waist circumference (WMD [95% CI]; -1.20 [-2.21, -0.19] cm), fat mass (WMD [95% CI]; -0.91 [-1.19, -0.63] kg), and fat percentage (WMD [95% CI]; -0.92 [-1.27, -0.56] %) compared with control groups. As expected, the metabolic parameters were improved significantly, with a pooled standardized mean difference in TC (SMD [95% CI]; -0.43 [-0.80, -0.07]), LDL-C (SMD [95% CI]; -0.41 [-0.77, -0.04]), FPG (SMD [95% CI]; -0.35 [-0.67, -0.02]), insulin (SMD [95% CI]; -0.44 [-0.84, -0.03]), and HOMA-IR (SMD [95% CI]; -0.51 [-0.96, -0.05]), respectively. The changes in TG (SMD [95% CI]; 0.14 [-0.23, 0.50]), HDL-C (SMD [95% CI]; -0.31 [-0.70, 0.07]), and HbA1c (SMD [95% CI]; -0.23 [-0.46, 0.01]) were not significant. Conclusion This study suggests that the probiotics supplementation could potentially reduce the weight gain and improve some of the associated metabolic parameters, which may become an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity in adult individuals.
Collapse
|
|
35
|
Weight loss probiotic supplementation effect in overweight and obesity subjects: A review. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:694-704. [PMID: 30987812 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obese individuals present adverse changes in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, leading to alterations in energy balance, lipid metabolism, endocrine disturbances, and low-grade chronic systemic inflammation increases. Probiotic supplementation appears to change gut microbiota by decrease gut permeability, inflammation, and metabolic disorders, creating a promising environment to weight loss. This revision resumes the main findings of probiotic supplementation and weight loss that contributed to building the current background linking changes in gut microbiota profile and with obesity.
Collapse
|
|
36
|
Koutnikova H, Genser B, Monteiro-Sepulveda M, Faurie JM, Rizkalla S, Schrezenmeir J, Clément K. Impact of bacterial probiotics on obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease related variables: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e017995. [PMID: 30928918 PMCID: PMC6475231 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the effect of oral intake of bacterial probiotics on 15 variables related to obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, EMBASE and COCHRANE from 1990 to June 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (≥14 days) excluding hypercholesterolaemia, alcoholic liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome and children <3 years. RESULTS One hundred and five articles met inclusion criteria, representing 6826 subjects. In overweight but not obese subjects, probiotics induced improvements in: body weight (k=25 trials, d=-0.94 kg mean difference, 95% CI -1.17 to -0.70, I²=0.0%), body mass index (k=32, d=-0.55 kg/m², 95% CI -0.86 to -0.23, I²=91.9%), waist circumference (k=13, d=-1.31 cm, 95% CI -1.79 to -0.83, I²=14.5%), body fat mass (k=11, d=-0.96 kg, 95% CI -1.21 to -0.71, I²=0.0%) and visceral adipose tissue mass (k=5, d=-6.30 cm², 95% CI -9.05 to -3.56, I²=0.0%). In type 2 diabetics, probiotics reduced fasting glucose (k=19, d=-0.66 mmol/L, 95% CI -1.00 to -0.31, I²=27.7%), glycated haemoglobin (k=13, d=-0.28 pp, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.11, I²=54.1%), insulin (k=13, d=-1.66 mU/L, 95% CI -2.70 to -0.61, I²=37.8%) and homeostatic model of insulin resistance (k=10, d=-1.05 pp, 95% CI -1.48 to -0.61, I²=18.2%). In subjects with fatty liver diseases, probiotics reduced alanine (k=12, d=-10.2 U/L, 95% CI -14.3 to -6.0, I²=93.50%) and aspartate aminotransferases (k=10, d=-9.9 U/L, 95% CI -14.1 to -5.8, I²=96.1%). These improvements were mostly observed with bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium breve, B. longum), Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, L. delbrueckii) containing mixtures and influenced by trials conducted in one country. CONCLUSIONS The intake of probiotics resulted in minor but consistent improvements in several metabolic risk factors in subjects with metabolic diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016033273.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernd Genser
- BGStats Consulting, Vienna, Austria
- Mannheimer Institut fur Public Health, Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Milena Monteiro-Sepulveda
- Nutrition Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière hospital, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Salwa Rizkalla
- Nutrition Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière hospital, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jürgen Schrezenmeir
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Universitatsmedizin, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière hospital, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), NutriOmiCs team, UMR S 1269, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
|
37
|
Suzumura EA, Bersch-Ferreira ÂC, Torreglosa CR, da Silva JT, Coqueiro AY, Kuntz MGF, Chrispim PP, Weber B, Cavalcanti AB. Effects of oral supplementation with probiotics or synbiotics in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized trials. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:430-450. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erica A Suzumura
- Research Institute at Hospital do Coração, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Audrey Y Coqueiro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
38
|
Heeney DD, Zhai Z, Bendiks Z, Barouei J, Martinic A, Slupsky C, Marco ML. Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriocin is associated with intestinal and systemic improvements in diet-induced obese mice and maintains epithelial barrier integrity in vitro. Gut Microbes 2018; 10:382-397. [PMID: 30409105 PMCID: PMC6546331 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1534513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriocin plantaricin EF (PlnEF) system for its contributions to L. plantarum mediated benefits in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) were administered a rifampicin resistant mutant of L. plantarum NCMIB8826 (NICMB8826-R) or an isogenic ΔplnEFI mutant strain, LM0419, every 48 h for nine weeks. Mice fed wild-type L. plantarum, but not LM0419, reduced their consumption of the HFD starting three weeks into the study and exhibited an overall 10% reduction in weight gain. The responses were independent of glucose homeostasis, as both NCMIB8826-R and LM0419 fed mice had improved oral glucose tolerance compared to sham controls. Although bacteriocins have antibacterial properties, the ileal, cecal, and fecal microbiota and cecocolic metabolomes were unchanged between mice fed either wild-type L. plantarum or the ΔplnEFI mutant. Instead, only mice fed NCMIB8826-R showed an increased production of ZO-1 in ileal tissues. To verify a potential role for the plantaricin EF system in supporting intestinal epithelial function, synthesized PlnEF peptides were applied to Caco-2 cell monolayers challenged with TNF-α and IFN-γ. The combination of PlnE and PlnF were required to prevent sustained cytokine-induced losses to Caco-2 cell para- and transcellular permeability and elevated IL-8 levels. In conclusion, this study shows that probiotic L. plantarum ameliorates the effects of obesogenic diets through a mechanism that involves the plantaricin EF system and likely includes L. plantarum - induced fortification of the intestinal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin D. Heeney
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Zhai
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zach Bendiks
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Javad Barouei
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alice Martinic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn Slupsky
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria L. Marco
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA,CONTACT Maria L. Marco Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
| |
Collapse
|
|
39
|
Chung HJ, Sim JH, Min TS, Choi HK. Metabolomics and Lipidomics Approaches in the Science of Probiotics: A Review. J Med Food 2018; 21:1086-1095. [PMID: 30004273 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microflora plays important roles in the health of the host, such as nutrient processing and the modulation of intestinal immune responses. The constituents of the diet greatly affect the composition of the microbiota and its metabolites. The human intestinal microbiota is made up of around 100 trillion microbial cells encompassing at least 300 species. Consuming probiotics may lead to changes in the intestinal microflora that influence host health. Metabolomics is a powerful tool for revealing metabolic changes in biofluids, tissues, and organs of hosts induced by the consumption of probiotics, and lipidomics in particular is a technical approach that focuses on the analysis of lipids in various cells and biofluids. Metabolomics and lipidomics have been used to investigate intracellular and extracellular metabolites as well as for the nontargeted profiling and fingerprinting of metabolites. Based on metabolomics and lipidomics investigations, we reviewed the effects of consuming probiotics on metabolic profiles in controlled intestinal environments. We also discuss the associations between metabolic changes and human diseases after consuming probiotics in uncontrolled intestinal environments. In addition, we review the metabolic changes that take place within the food matrix during probiotic fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Jin Chung
- 1 College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul, Korea.,2 Korea Yakult Co., Ltd. , Yongin, Korea
| | | | - Tae-Sun Min
- 3 Faculty of Biotechnology, SARI, Jeju National University , Jeju, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
40
|
Martinic A, Barouei J, Bendiks Z, Mishchuk D, Heeney DD, Martin R, Marco ML, Slupsky CM. Supplementation of Lactobacillus plantarum Improves Markers of Metabolic Dysfunction Induced by a High Fat Diet. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2790-2802. [PMID: 29931981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent chronic condition in many developed and developing nations that raises the risk for developing heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Previous studies have shown that consuming particular probiotic strains of Lactobacillus is associated with improvement in the obese and diabetic phenotype; however, the mechanisms of these beneficial effects are not well understood. In this study, C57BL/6J male mice were fed a lard-based high fat diet for 15 weeks with Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation NCIMB8826 (Lp) between weeks 10 and 15 ( n = 10 per group). Systemic metabolic effects of supplementation were analyzed by NMR metabolomics, protein expression assays, gene transcript quantification, and 16S rRNA marker gene sequencing. Body and organ weights were not significantly different with Lp supplementation, and no microbiota community structure changes were observed in the cecum; however, L. plantarum numbers were increased in the treatment group according to culture-based and 16S rRNA gene quantification. Significant differences in metabolite and protein concentrations (serum, liver, and colon), gene expression (ileum and adipose), and cytokines (colon) were observed between groups with increases in the gene expression of tight junction proteins in the ileum and cecum and improvement of some markers of glucose homeostasis in blood and tissue with Lp supplementation. These results indicate Lp supplementation impacts systemic metabolism and immune signaling before phenotypic changes and without large-scale changes to the microbiome. This study supports the notion that Lp is a beneficial probiotic, even in the context of a high fat diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roy Martin
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center , USDA , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
41
|
John GK, Wang L, Nanavati J, Twose C, Singh R, Mullin G. Dietary Alteration of the Gut Microbiome and Its Impact on Weight and Fat Mass: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9030167. [PMID: 29547587 PMCID: PMC5867888 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary alteration of the gut microbiome is an important target in the treatment of obesity. Animal and human studies have shown bidirectional weight modulation based on the probiotic formulation used. In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature and performed a meta-analysis to assess the impact of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics on body weight, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass in adult human subjects. We searched Medline (PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Library and the Web of Science to identify 4721 articles, of which 41 were subjected to full-text screening, yielding 21 included studies with 33 study arms. Probiotic use was associated with significant decreases in BMI, weight and fat mass. Studies of subjects consuming prebiotics demonstrated a significant reduction in body weight, whereas synbiotics did not show an effect. Overall, when the utilization of gut microbiome-modulating dietary agents (prebiotic/probiotic/synbiotic) was compared to placebo, there were significant decreases in BMI, weight and fat mass. In summary, dietary agents for the modulation of the gut microbiome are essential tools in the treatment of obesity and can lead to significant decreases in BMI, weight and fat mass. Further studies are needed to identify the ideal dose and duration of supplementation and to assess the durability of this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Wang
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Julie Nanavati
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Claire Twose
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | | | - Gerard Mullin
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
42
|
Evidences of a New Psychobiotic Formulation on Body Composition and Anxiety. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5650627. [PMID: 29147070 PMCID: PMC5632987 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5650627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota is implied in obesity, because of its ability to harvest energy from diet, and in the regulation of behavior. Given the link between gut microbiota, body composition, obesity, and anxiety, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new psychobiotic formulation. Methods Eligible patients were randomly divided into three groups: psychobiotics oral suspension group (POSG); dietary treatment group (DTG); combined treatment group (CTG). All subjects underwent body composition and psychological profile evaluation. Results Significant changes in body composition parameters in each group were relieved after all treatments. Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A) highlighted a significant reduction of the total score for all study population after treatments in POSG (p = 0.01) and CTG (p = 0.04). A reduction of HAM-A total score in anxious subjects in POSG or CTG and a significant reduction of positive subjects for HAM-A in POSG (p = 0.03) and in CDG (p = 0.01) were shown. Discussion Three-week intake of selected POS represents a good approach to solve problems related to obesity and behavior disorders. However, new clinical trials need to be performed on a larger population and for a longer period of treatment before definitive conclusions can be made. This trial is registered with NCT01890070.
Collapse
|