• hemangioma
• nanoparticle
• nanotechnology
• pharmaceutical preparations

• Angiogenesis
• Apoptosis
• Hedgehog signaling pathway
• Hemangioma
• Itraconazole
• Proliferation

• 3D microtumor
• Infantile hemangioma
• Pathogenesis
• Transplantation model

• Infant
• Humans
• Hemangioma/therapy
• Hemangioma/pathology
• Treatment Outcome

• 1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence Clinical Research Incubation Project, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
• National Natural Science Foundation of China
• Key Project in the Science & Technology Program of Sichuan Province
• Project of ‘0 to 1’ of Sichuan University
• Med-X Center for Informatics Funding Project
• Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province

Infantile haemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign soft tissue tumours in children. Usually, they evolve without clinical incurrences and regression of the lesion can occur spontaneously in the first years of life. The decision for treatment is dependent upon the intrinsic characteristics of the lesion such as location, extension, functional compromise and complications.

We present the case of a newborn who was clinically accessed during ambulatory routine consultation when a lesion with 5x5 centimetres compatible with an IH was first observed. Inflammatory signs with no active bleeding were present and the newborn displayed signs of discomfort during a diaper change and manipulation of the anogenital area. For this reason, a referral was made for observation in a central hospital with specialised paediatrics, paediatric surgery and dermatology support. A 10-day antibiotic course with flucloxacillin and local topical care with silver sulfadiazine cream and barrier cream with zinc oxide were adopted, achieving a good clinical outcome. Laboratory workup, cardiovascular assessment, imagiological investigation with abdominopelvic and spinal cord ultrasonography as well as lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging were all normal.

Ulceration is the most prevalent complication of IHs and it is associated with pain, recurrent bleeding, infection and difficult scarring, thus early recognition and directed treatment are essential to achieve a good clinical outcome.

• Congenital hemangioma
• Infantile hemangioma
• Lipoma
• Pyogenic granuloma
• Senile angioma

• Adipose Tissue
• Granuloma, Pyogenic
• Hemangioma
• Humans
• Skin
• Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
• Skin Neoplasms/therapy

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common childhood benign tumors, showing distinctive progression characteristics and outcomes. Due to the high demand for aesthetics among parents of IH babies, early intervention is critical in some cases. β-Adrenergic blockers and corticosteroids are first-line medications for IHs, while itraconazole, an antifungal medicine, has shown positive results in recent years.

In the present study, itraconazole was applied to treat two IH cases. The therapeutic course lasted 80-90 d, during which the visible lesion faded by more than 90%. Moreover, no obvious side effects were reported, and the compliance of the baby and parents was desirable.

Although these outcomes further support itraconazole as an effective therapeutic choice for IHs, large-scale clinical and basic studies are still warranted to improve further treatment.

• Infant
• Hemangiomas
• Therapeutics
• Itraconazole
• Oral
• Case report

Hepatic hemangioma (HH) is a congenital vascular anomaly comprising networks of abnormal blood and/or lymphatic vessels with endothelial cell proliferation. Their pathophysiology is not fully understood, and no specific drug is available to treat them. Conservative management, which limits observation, is preferred for most patients. A HH larger than 4 cm is considered a giant HH that may be treated using surgery ranging from embolization to hepatic resection or liver transplantation. Here, we describe a case with multiple and giant HHs that regressed significantly after treatment with azithromycin (AZM). A systematic literature review of HH and the effects of AZM on angiogenesis was then conducted.

• azithromycin
• case repot
• congenital vascular anomalies
• giant hepatic hemangioma
• vascular endothelial growth factor