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Kanaujia R, Jamir I, Arora N, Biswal M, Sharma N, Ray P, Pannu AK, Angrup A. Risk factors and clinical outcomes in patients with colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection: A retrospective analysis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2025; 56:100882. [PMID: 40412808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2025] [Accepted: 05/22/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increase in the incidence of colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae (ColR) necessitates the study of risk factors responsible for its emergence. The current study aims to investigate the risk factors and clinical outcomes in ColR patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in India over 18 months (March 2021 to August 2022). We included patients >18 years (41 male, 38 female), with ColR and colistin-intermediate (ColI) strains. These patients were assessed for demographics, underlying diseases, antimicrobial treatment, clinical scores (APACHE II, SOFA), and outcome. RESULTS The presence of a central venous catheter (CVC) was a significantly associated risk factor for ColR infections (p = 0.011). Additionally, prior antibiotic exposure within 3 months (p = 0.049) and CVC presence (p = 0.034) were associated with non-survival among ColR patients. Higher APACHE II and SOFA scores were associated with mortality among ColI patients. The presence of CCI >3 (p = 0.040) and previous history of ICU stay (p = 0.032) emerged as significant factors associated with the isolation of ColR K. pneumoniae among patients with previous history of colistin/polymyxin intake. CONCLUSION The study highlights the risk factors associated with ColR K. pneumoniae. These findings underscore the need for prudent antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imola Jamir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Navneet Arora
- Department of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Manisha Biswal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Navneet Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
| | | | - Archana Angrup
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
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AbdelHalim MM, El Sherbini SA, Ahmed ESS, Gharib HAA, Elgendy MO, Ibrahim ARN, Abdel Aziz HS. Management of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Caused by Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter Organisms in a Pediatric Center: A Randomized Controlled Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:2098. [PMID: 39768977 PMCID: PMC11676743 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60122098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2024] [Revised: 11/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
A dangerous infection contracted in hospitals, ventilator-associated pneumonia is frequently caused by bacteria that are resistant to several drugs. It is one of the main reasons why patients in intensive care units become ill or die. This research aimed to determine the most effective empirical therapy of antibiotics for better ventilator-associated pneumonia control and to improve patient outcomes by using the minimal inhibitory concentration method and the Ameri-Ziaei double antibiotic synergism test and by observing the clinical responses to both single and combination therapies. Patients between the ages of one month and twelve who had been diagnosed with ventilator-associated pneumonia and had been on mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h were included in the study, which was carried out in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at Cairo University's Hospital. When ventilator-associated pneumonia is suspected, it is critical to start appropriate antibiotic therapy as soon as possible. This is especially important in cases where multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections may develop. Although using Polymyxins alone or in combination is effective, it is important to closely monitor their administration to prevent resistance from increasing. The combination therapy that showed the greatest improvement was a mix of aminoglycosides, quinolones, and β-lactams. A combination of aminoglycosides and dual β-lactams came next. Although the optimal duration of antibiotic treatment for ventilator-associated pneumonia is still unknown, treatments longer than seven days are usually required to eradicate MDR P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Moheyeldin AbdelHalim
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt;
| | - Seham Awad El Sherbini
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo12613, Egypt; (S.A.E.S.); (E.S.S.A.)
| | - El Shimaa Salah Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo12613, Egypt; (S.A.E.S.); (E.S.S.A.)
| | | | - Marwa O. Elgendy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB), Beni Suef 62764, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R. N. Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Heba Sherif Abdel Aziz
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt;
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Zelendova M, Papagiannitsis CC, Sismova P, Medvecky M, Pomorska K, Palkovicova J, Nesporova K, Jakubu V, Jamborova I, Zemlickova H, Dolejska M, Working Group for Monitoring of Antibiotic Resistance. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance among human clinical Enterobacterales isolates: national surveillance in the Czech Republic. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1147846. [PMID: 37180238 PMCID: PMC10174314 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1147846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of colistin resistance has increased rapidly among Enterobacterales around the world. We performed a national survey of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in human clinical isolates through a retrospective analysis of samples from 2009 to 2017 and a prospective sampling in 2018-2020. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize isolates with mcr genes from various regions of the Czech Republic using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Of all 1932 colistin-resistant isolates analyzed, 73 (3.8%) were positive for mcr genes. Most isolates carried mcr-1 (48/73) and were identified as Escherichia coli (n = 44) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 4) of various sequence types (ST). Twenty-five isolates, including Enterobacter spp. (n = 24) and Citrobacter freundii (n = 1) carrying the mcr-9 gene were detected; three of them (Enterobacter kobei ST54) co-harbored the mcr-4 and mcr-9 genes. Multi-drug resistance phenotype was a common feature of mcr isolates and 14% (10/73) isolates also co-harbored clinically important beta-lactamases, including two isolates with carbapenemases KPC-2 and OXA-48. Phylogenetic analysis of E. coli ST744, the dominant genotype in this study, with the global collection showed Czech isolates belonged to two major clades, one containing isolates from Europe, while the second composed of isolates from diverse geographical areas. The mcr-1 gene was carried by IncX4 (34/73, 47%), IncHI2/ST4 (6/73, 8%) and IncI2 (8/73, 11%) plasmid groups. Small plasmids belonging to the ColE10 group were associated with mcr-4 in three isolates, while mcr-9 was carried by IncHI2/ST1 plasmids (4/73, 5%) or the chromosome (18/73, 25%). We showed an overall low level of occurrence of mcr genes in colistin-resistant bacteria from human clinical samples in the Czech Republic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Zelendova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
- CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Petra Sismova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
- CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Matej Medvecky
- CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Katarina Pomorska
- NRL for ATB, The National Institute of Public Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Palkovicova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
- CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Vladislav Jakubu
- NRL for ATB, The National Institute of Public Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Microbiology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and National Institute of Public Health, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ivana Jamborova
- CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Helena Zemlickova
- NRL for ATB, The National Institute of Public Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Microbiology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital and National Institute of Public Health, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Monika Dolejska
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
- CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, The University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Plzen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Monika Dolejska,
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Zhang X, Qi S, Duan X, Han B, Zhang S, Liu S, Wang H, Zhang H, Sun T. Clinical outcomes and safety of polymyxin B in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections: a real-world multicenter study. J Transl Med 2021; 19:431. [PMID: 34656132 PMCID: PMC8520283 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High morbidity and mortality due to carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) has led to the resurgence of polymyxin B (PMB) use in the last decade. The aim of our multicenter, real-world study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of PMB in the treatment of CR-GNB infections. METHODS The real-world study included patients treated with intravenous PMB for at least 7 days during the period of October 2018 through June 2019. Associations between these clinical features and 28-day mortality or all-cause hospital mortality were explored through univariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The study included 100 patients. Many patients presented with combined chronic conditions, septic shock, mechanical ventilation, and the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The mean duration of PMB therapy was 11 days (range 7-38 days). Temperature (38 °C vs 37.1 °C), white blood cells (14.13 × 109/l vs 9.28 × 109/l), C-reactive protein (103.55 ug/l vs 47.60 ug/l), procalcitonin (3.89 ng/ml vs 1.70 ng/ml) and APACHE II levels (17.75 ± 7.69 vs 15.98 ± 7.95) were significantly decreased after PMB treatment. The bacteria eradication rate was 77.65%. The overall mortality at discharge was 15%, and 28-day mortality was 40%. Major adverse reactions occurred in 16 patients. Nephrotoxicity was observed in 7 patients (7%). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide positive clinical and safety outcomes for PMB in the treatment of CR-GNB. Timely and appropriate use of PMB may be particularly useful in treating patients with sepsis in CR-GNB infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shaoyan Qi
- Department of ICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haixu Wang
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Anesthesia and Physiology, University of Toronto, Room 619, LKSKI, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
| | - Tongwen Sun
- Department of General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Ai W, Zhou Y, Wang B, Zhan Q, Hu L, Xu Y, Guo Y, Wang L, Yu F, Li X. First Report of Coexistence of bla SFO-1 and bla NDM-1 β-Lactamase Genes as Well as Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-9 in a Transferrable Plasmid of a Clinical Isolate of Enterobacter hormaechei. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:676113. [PMID: 34220761 PMCID: PMC8252965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.676113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many antimicrobial resistance genes usually located on transferable plasmids are responsible for multiple antimicrobial resistance among multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this study is to characterize a carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter hormaechei 1575 isolate from the blood sample in a tertiary hospital in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 1575 was an MDR isolate. The whole genome sequencing (WGS) and comparative genomics were used to deeply analyze the molecular information of the 1575 and to explore the location and structure of antibiotic resistance genes. The three key resistance genes (blaSFO–1, blaNDM–1, and mcr-9) were verified by PCR, and the amplicons were subsequently sequenced. Moreover, the conjugation assay was also performed to determine the transferability of those resistance genes. Plasmid files were determined by the S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE). WGS revealed that p1575-1 plasmid was a conjugative plasmid that possessed the rare coexistence of blaSFO–1, blaNDM–1, and mcr-9 genes and complete conjugative systems. And p1575-1 belonged to the plasmid incompatibility group IncHI2 and multilocus sequence typing ST102. Meanwhile, the pMLST type of p1575-1 was IncHI2-ST1. Conjugation assay proved that the MDR p1575-1 plasmid could be transferred to other recipients. S1-PFGE confirmed the location of plasmid with molecular weight of 342,447 bp. All these three resistant genes were flanked by various mobile elements, indicating that the blaSFO–1, blaNDM–1, and mcr-9 could be transferred not only by the p1575-1 plasmid but also by these mobile elements. Taken together, we report for the first time the coexistence of blaSFO–1, blaNDM–1, and mcr-9 on a transferable plasmid in a MDR clinical isolate E. hormaechei, which indicates the possibility of horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Ai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Longhua Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanlei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinjuan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangxing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Tóth H, Buchholcz G, Fésüs A, Balázs B, Nagy JB, Majoros L, Szarka K, Kardos G. Evolution of the Gram-Negative Antibiotic Resistance Spiral over Time: A Time-Series Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060734. [PMID: 34204497 PMCID: PMC8234935 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We followed up the interplay between antibiotic use and resistance over time in a tertiary-care hospital in Hungary. Dynamic relationships between monthly time-series of antibiotic consumption data (defined daily doses per 100 bed-days) and of incidence densities of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii) resistant to cephalosporins or carbapenems were followed using vector autoregressive models sequentially built of time-series ending in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019. Relationships with Gram-negative bacteria as a group were fairly stable across years. At species level, association of cephalosporin use and cephalosporin resistance of E. coli was shown in 2015–2017, leading to increased carbapenem use in these years. Association of carbapenem use and carbapenem resistance, as well as of carbapenem resistance and colistin use in case of A. baumannii, were consistent throughout; associations in case of Klebsiella spp. were rarely found; associations in case of P. aeruginosa varied highly across years. This highlights the importance of temporal variations in the interplay between changes in selection pressure and occurrence of competing resistant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajnalka Tóth
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.T.); (A.F.); (B.B.); (J.B.N.); (L.M.); (K.S.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Ostalb Klinikum, Im Kälblesrain 1, D-73430 Aalen, Germany
| | - Gyula Buchholcz
- Central Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Center, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Adina Fésüs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.T.); (A.F.); (B.B.); (J.B.N.); (L.M.); (K.S.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Central Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Center, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Bence Balázs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.T.); (A.F.); (B.B.); (J.B.N.); (L.M.); (K.S.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Bálint Nagy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.T.); (A.F.); (B.B.); (J.B.N.); (L.M.); (K.S.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Majoros
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.T.); (A.F.); (B.B.); (J.B.N.); (L.M.); (K.S.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szarka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.T.); (A.F.); (B.B.); (J.B.N.); (L.M.); (K.S.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kardos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (H.T.); (A.F.); (B.B.); (J.B.N.); (L.M.); (K.S.)
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-5225-5425
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Bitar I, Papagiannitsis CC, Kraftova L, Chudejova K, Mattioni Marchetti V, Hrabak J. Detection of Five mcr-9-Carrying Enterobacterales Isolates in Four Czech Hospitals. mSphere 2020; 5:e01008-20. [PMID: 33298573 PMCID: PMC7729258 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.01008-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to report the characterization of the first mcr-positive Enterobacterales isolated from Czech hospitals. In 2019, one Citrobacter freundii and four Enterobacter isolates were recovered from Czech hospitals. The production of carbapenemases was examined by a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) imipenem hydrolysis assay. Additionally, bacteria were screened for the presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes and plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes by PCR. To define the genetic units carrying mcr genes, the genomic DNAs of mcr-carrying clinical isolates were sequenced on the PacBio Sequel I platform. Results showed that all isolates carried blaVIM- and mcr-like genes. Analysis of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data revealed that all isolates carried mcr-9-like alleles. Furthermore, the three sequence type 106 (ST106) Enterobacter hormaechei isolates harbored the blaVIM-1 gene, while the ST764 E. hormaechei and ST95 C. freundii included blaVIM-4 Analysis of plasmid sequences showed that, in all isolates, mcr-9 was carried on IncHI2 plasmids. Additionally, at least one multidrug resistance (MDR) region was identified in each mcr-9-carrying IncHI2 plasmid. The blaVIM-4 gene was found in the MDR regions of p48880_MCR_VIM and p51929_MCR_VIM. In the three remaining isolates, blaVIM-1 was localized on plasmids (∼55 kb) exhibiting repA-like sequences 99% identical to the respective gene of pKPC-CAV1193. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, these 5 isolates were the first mcr-9-positive bacteria of clinical origin identified in the Czech Republic. Additionally, the carriage of the blaVIM-1 on pKPC-CAV1193-like plasmids is described for the first time. Thus, our findings underline the ongoing evolution of mobile elements implicated in the dissemination of clinically important resistance determinants.IMPORTANCE Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing bacteria have led to the revival of polymyxins as the "last-resort" antibiotic. Since 2016, several reports describing the presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes, mcr, in different host species and geographic areas were published. Here, we report the first detection of Enterobacterales carrying mcr-9-like alleles isolated from Czech hospitals in 2019. Furthermore, the three ST106 Enterobacter hormaechei isolates harbored blaVIM-1, while the ST764 E. hormaechei and ST95 Citrobacter freundii isolates included blaVIM-4 Analysis of WGS data showed that, in all isolates, mcr-9 was carried on IncHI2 plasmids. blaVIM-4 was found in the MDR regions of IncHI2 plasmids, while blaVIM-1 was localized on pKPC-CAV1193-like plasmids, described here for the first time. These findings underline the ongoing evolution of mobile elements implicated in dissemination of clinically important resistance determinants. Thus, WGS characterization of MDR bacteria is crucial to unravel the mechanisms involved in dissemination of resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Bitar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Costas C Papagiannitsis
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Lucie Kraftova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Chudejova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vittoria Mattioni Marchetti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hrabak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Metan G, Zarakolu P, Otlu B, Tekin İ, Aytaç H, Bölek EÇ, Metin BC, Arsava EM, Ünal S. Emergence of colistin and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii (CCR-Acb) complex in a neurological intensive care unit followed by successful control of the outbreak. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:564-570. [PMID: 31672426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colistin and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus- Acinetobacter baumannii complex (CCR-Acb complex) was isolated from two consecutive patients in the neurological intensive care unit (NICU). An urgent reaction to this desperate situation was required. PATIENTS AND METHODS Screening cultures were taken from the other patients sharing the NICU with index patients and repeated periodically. NICU was closed for new admissions. Infection control precautions (ICP) such as hand hygiene, cohorting patients colonized with CCR-Acb complex, cohorting the staff caring for these patients, daily bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate impregnated clothes, using gowns when contacting with patients and patient care area, and sodium hypochlorite tablets for environmental cleaning were enforced. RESULTS Screening cultures revealed carbapenem-resistant Acb complex in 12 out of 32 patients and 8 of them were colonized with CCR-Acb complex. NICU was opened for new admissions one month later. No further new cases with CCR-Acb complex were detected by screening cultures after 6 weeks with enforcement of ICP. Moreover, the rate of nosocomial infections caused by other multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB) decreased significantly when rates before and after closing the NICU were compared. CONCLUSION ICP were effective not only to limit the spread of CCR-Acb complex but also decreased the incidence of other MDR-GNB infections when applied adequately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Metan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Hospital Infection Control Committee, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Pınar Zarakolu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Barış Otlu
- İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İlknur Tekin
- Hacettepe University, Hospital Infection Control Committee, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hanife Aytaç
- Hacettepe University, Hospital Infection Control Committee, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Ç Bölek
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Baki C Metin
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ethem M Arsava
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Ünal
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Hospital Infection Control Committee, Ankara, Turkey
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9
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Duyvejonck H, Merabishvili M, Pirnay JP, De Vos D, Verbeken G, Van Belleghem J, Gryp T, De Leenheer J, Van der Borght K, Van Simaey L, Vermeulen S, Van Mechelen E, Vaneechoutte M. Development of a qPCR platform for quantification of the five bacteriophages within bacteriophage cocktail 2 (BFC2). Sci Rep 2019; 9:13893. [PMID: 31554892 PMCID: PMC6761158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine phage titers accurately, reproducibly and in a non-laborious and cost-effective manner, we describe the development of a qPCR platform for molecular quantification of five phages present in bacteriophage cocktail 2 (BFC2). We compared the performance of this molecular approach, with regard to quantification and reproducibility, with the standard culture-based double agar overlay method (DAO). We demonstrated that quantification of each of the five phages in BFC2 was possible by means of qPCR, without prior DNA extraction, but yields were significantly higher in comparison to DAO. Although DAO is assumed to provide an indication of the number of infective phage particles, whereas qPCR only provides information on the number of phage genomes, the difference in yield (qPCR/DAO ratio) was observed to be phage-dependent and appeared rather constant for all phages when analyzing different (freshly prepared) stocks of these phages. While DAO is necessary to determine sensitivity of clinical strains against phages in clinical applications, qPCR might be a valid alternative for rapid and reproducible quantification of freshly prepared stocks, after initial establishment of a correction factor towards DAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Duyvejonck
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research (LBR), Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Keramiekstraat 80, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Maya Merabishvili
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research (LBR), Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology (LabMCT), Burn Wound Center, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120, Brussels, Belgium.,The Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology, Gotua 3, Tbilisi, 0160, Georgia
| | - Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology (LabMCT), Burn Wound Center, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel De Vos
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology (LabMCT), Burn Wound Center, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Verbeken
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology (LabMCT), Burn Wound Center, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Bruynstraat 1, 1120, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonas Van Belleghem
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research (LBR), Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Gryp
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research (LBR), Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie De Leenheer
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Keramiekstraat 80, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kelly Van der Borght
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Keramiekstraat 80, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Van Simaey
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research (LBR), Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vermeulen
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Keramiekstraat 80, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Van Mechelen
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Keramiekstraat 80, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mario Vaneechoutte
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research (LBR), Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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10
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Elham B, Fawzia A. Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from critically ill patients: clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility and outcome. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:2400-2406. [PMID: 32127810 PMCID: PMC7040249 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is increasingly becoming a clinically relevant organism due to the rising number of associated nosocomial infections. The therapeutic options are extremely minimal because of its ability to develop resistance to all available antimicrobials, including colistin (CST). Data on the clinical and microbiological characteristics of colistin-resistant A. baumannii infections remain scarce to date. Methods In this prospective study, clinical isolates of colistin resistance among Acinetobacter strain was evaluated from the database of Microbiology Laboratory of King Khalid University Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Results In a total of 142 patients with 136 Acinetobacter isolates, Acintobacter baumannii was the predominant serotype 73% of the isolates and Acinetobacter lwoffii constituted 27% of the isolate . There was 8.5% colistin resistant isolates with colistin E-test MIC >4. The clinical characteristics were determined for colistin resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. All patients were critically ill and 64% of them were hositalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). All patients have been previously given antibiotics. Other associated clinical characteristics included; morbid obesity and sleeve gastrectomy (21 %), mechanical ventilation and central venous catheter (50%). High mortality rate was found(28%). Conclusion There is an increase of colistin resistance among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii causing serious infections especially in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukhari Elham
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alotaibi Fawzia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Dandachi I, Chaddad A, Hanna J, Matta J, Daoud Z. Understanding the Epidemiology of Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in the Middle East Using a One Health Approach. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1941. [PMID: 31507558 PMCID: PMC6716069 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, extended-spectrum cephalosporin and carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) have been extensively reported in the literature as being disseminated in humans but also in animals and the environment. These resistant organisms often cause treatment challenges due to their wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance. With the emergence of colistin resistance in animals and its subsequent detection in humans, the situation has worsened. Several studies reported the transmission of resistant organisms from animals to humans. Studies from the middle east highlight the spread of resistant organisms in hospitals and to a lesser extent in livestock and the environment. In view of the recent socio-economical conflicts that these countries are facing in addition to the constant population mobilization; we attempt in this review to highlight the gaps of the prevalence of resistance, antibiotic consumption reports, infection control measures and other risk factors contributing in particular to the spread of resistance in these countries. In hospitals, carbapenemases producers appear to be dominant. In contrast, extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) and colistin resistance are becoming a serious problem in animals. This is mainly due to the continuous use of colistin in veterinary medicine even though it is now abandoned in the human sphere. In the environment, despite the small number of reports, ESBL and carbapenemases producers were both detected. This highlights the importance of the latter as a bridge between humans and animals in the transmission chain. In this review, we note that in the majority of the Middle Eastern area, little is known about the level of antibiotic consumption especially in the community and animal farms. Furthermore, some countries are currently facing issues with immigrants, poverty and poor living conditions which has been imposed by the civil war crisis. This all greatly facilitates the dissemination of resistance in all environments. In the one health concept, this work re-emphasizes the need to have global intervention measures to avoid dissemination of antibiotic resistance in humans, animals and the environment in Middle Eastern countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dandachi
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amer Chaddad
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jason Hanna
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jessika Matta
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Daoud
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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12
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Kaza P, Mahindroo J, Veeraraghavan B, Mavuduru RS, Mohan B, Taneja N. Evaluation of risk factors for colistin resistance among uropathogenic isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: a case–control study. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:837-847. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Parinitha Kaza
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | - Balvinder Mohan
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Taneja
- 1 Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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13
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Aydemir H, Tuz HI, Piskin N, Celebi G, Kulah C, Kokturk F. Risk factors and clinical responses of pneumonia patients with colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus. World J Clin Cases 2019. [DOI: 10.12998/wjge.v7.i10.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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14
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Aydemir H, Tuz HI, Piskin N, Celebi G, Kulah C, Kokturk F. Risk factors and clinical responses of pneumonia patients with colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1111-1121. [PMID: 31183342 PMCID: PMC6547332 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i10.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nosocomial infections with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ABC) strains are great problem for intensive care units. ABC strains can develop resistance to all the antibiotics available. Carbapenem resistance is common and colistin resistance is rare in our country. Knowing the risk factors for colistin resistance is important since colistin seems to be the only remaining therapeutic option for the patients with pneumonia due to extensively drug resistant ABC for our country.
AIM To investigate the comparison of clinical responses and outcomes between pneumonia patients with colistin-susceptible and -resistant Acinetobacter sp. Strains.
METHODS During the study period, 108 patients with pneumonia due to colistin-susceptible strains and 16 patients with colistin-resistant strains were included retrospectively. Continuous variables were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test, and categorical variables were compared using Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s Exact chi-square test for two groups. A binary logistic regression model was developed to identify the potential independent factors associated with colistin resistance in patients with colistin-resistant strains.
RESULTS High Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (OR = 1.9, 95%CI: 1.4-2.7; P < 0.001) and prior receipt of teicoplanin (OR = 8.1, 95%CI: 1.0-63.3; P = 0.045) were found to be independent risk factors for infection with colistin-resistant Acinetobacter sp. Different combinations of antibiotics including colistin, meropenem, ampicillin/sulbactam, amikacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were used for the treatment of patients with colistin-resistant strains. Although the median duration of microbiological cure (P < 0.001) was longer in the colistin-resistant group, clinical (P = 0.703), laboratory (P = 0.277), radiological (P = 0.551), microbiological response (P = 1.000) and infection related mortality rates (P = 0.603) did not differ between the two groups. Among the patients with infections due to colistin-resistant strains, seven were treated with antibiotic combinations that included sulbactam. Clinical (6/7) and microbiological (5/7) response rates were quite high in these patients.
CONCLUSION The optimal therapy regimen is unclear for colistin-resistant Acinetobacter sp. infections. Although combinations with sulbactam seems to be more effective in our study patients, data supporting the usefulness of combinations with sulbactam is very limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Aydemir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak 67100, Turkey
| | - Hande Idil Tuz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak 67100, Turkey
| | - Nihal Piskin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak 67100, Turkey
| | - Guven Celebi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak 67100, Turkey
| | - Canan Kulah
- Department of Microbiology, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak 67100, Turkey
| | - Furuzan Kokturk
- Department of Biostatistics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak 67100, Turkey
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15
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Papadimitriou-Olivgeris M, Bartzavali C, Spyropoulou A, Lambropoulou A, Sioulas N, Vamvakopoulou S, Karpetas G, Spiliopoulou I, Vrettos T, Anastassiou ED, Fligou F, Christofidou M, Marangos M. Molecular epidemiology and risk factors for colistin- or tigecycline-resistant carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection in critically ill patients during a 7-year period. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 92:235-240. [PMID: 30076041 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A matched 1:2 case-control study was conducted among critically ill patients in order to identify the risk factors of colistin or tigecycline-resistant carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ColR-Kp, TigR-Kp) bacteraemia. MIC to colistin and tigecycline were determined by Etest. From 224 bacteraemic patients, 46.4% and 29.5% were resistant to colistin and tigecycline, respectively. PCR revealed that 199 isolates carried the blaKPC gene. PCR revealed that no isolate carried the mcr-1 gene. Risk factors for ColR-Kp bacteraemia as compared to patients with bacteraemia by a colistin-susceptible isolate or patients without carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae bacteraemia were colistin or tigecycline administration and tracheostomy, while TigR-Kp bacteraemia as compared to either patients with bacteraemia by tigecycline-susceptible isolate or patients without carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae bacteraemia were colistin or tigecycline administration, number of comorbidities and prior bacteraemia by a Gram-negative pathogen. Administration of colistin and tigecycline predisposed to development of bacteraemia by either ColR-Kp or TigR-Kp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthaios Papadimitriou-Olivgeris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Christina Bartzavali
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Spyropoulou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Anastasia Lambropoulou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Nektarios Sioulas
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Sophia Vamvakopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios Karpetas
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Iris Spiliopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Theofanis Vrettos
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Evangelos D Anastassiou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Fotini Fligou
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Myrto Christofidou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Markos Marangos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504, Rion-Patras, Greece.
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16
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Ergul AB, Cetin S, Altintop YA, Bozdemir SE, Ozcan A, Altug U, Samsa H, Torun YA. Evaluation of Microorganisms Causing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Eurasian J Med 2017. [PMID: 28638248 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2017.16262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify microorganisms causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and also study the antibiotic resistance/susceptibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively assessed microorganisms isolated from patients diagnosed with VAP in a pediatric intensive care unit between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2016. RESULTS We included 44 patients diagnosed with VAP. The prevalence thereof was 8.6 patients per 1,000 ventilator days. Mechanical ventilation was required for 56.5% of patients. Thirty-three patients (75%) died. An underlying chronic disease was detected in 75% of patients (n=33). Fifty microorganisms were isolated from 44 patients. Single microorganisms were isolated from 86.4% (n=38) and two from 13.6% (n=6) of patients. Of all the isolated bacteria, 96% (n=48) were gram-negative; the most common was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (24%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (22%). The isolates were most susceptible to colistin (92.6%), followed by piperacillin-tazobactam (71.4%), amikacin (65.2%), and gentamicin (52.2%). No enterobacterium or Acinetobacter strain was resistant to colistin; however, 13% of P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant. CONCLUSION In VAP, it is essential to catalog antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria present in the unit to ensure that empirical antibiotic therapy is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Betul Ergul
- Department of Pediatrics, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serife Cetin
- Department of Infection Control, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ay Altintop
- Department of Microbiology, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sefika Elmas Bozdemir
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alper Ozcan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Umit Altug
- Department of Pediatrics, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hasan Samsa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
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17
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Kusradze I, Karumidze N, Rigvava S, Dvalidze T, Katsitadze M, Amiranashvili I, Goderdzishvili M. Characterization and Testing the Efficiency of Acinetobacter baumannii Phage vB-GEC_Ab-M-G7 as an Antibacterial Agent. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1590. [PMID: 27757110 PMCID: PMC5047890 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative, non-motile bacterium that, due to its multidrug resistance, has become a major nosocomial pathogen. The increasing number of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains has renewed interest in phage therapy. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of phage administration in Acinetobacter baumannii wound infections in an animal model to demonstrate phage therapy as non-toxic, safe and alternative antibacterial remedy. Using classical methods for the study of bacteriophage properties, we characterized phage vB-GEC_Ab-M-G7 as a dsDNA myovirus with a 90 kb genome size. Important characteristics of vB-GEC_Ab-M-G7include a short latent period and large burst size, wide host range, resistance to chloroform and thermal and pH stability. In a rat wound model, phage application effectively decreased the number of bacteria isolated from the wounds of successfully treated animals. This study highlights the effectiveness of the phage therapy and provides further insight into treating infections caused by MDR strains using phage administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ia Kusradze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Natia Karumidze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sophio Rigvava
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Teona Dvalidze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and VirologyTbilisi, Georgia; Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State UniversityTbilisi, Georgia
| | - Malkhaz Katsitadze
- G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
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