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Huang YX, Li Q, Liu M, Zhao M, Chen Y. Numerical simulation and in vitro experimental study of the hemodynamic performance of vena cava filters with helical forms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17903. [PMID: 39095447 PMCID: PMC11297021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) implantation is a common method of thrombus capture. By implanting a filter in the inferior vena cava (IVC), microemboli can be effectively blocked from entering the pulmonary circulation, thereby avoiding acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Inspired by the helical flow effect in the human arterial system, we propose a helical retrievable IVCF, which, due to the presence of a helical structure inducing a helical flow pattern of blood in the region near the IVCF, can effectively avoid the deposition of microemboli in the vicinity of the IVCF while promoting the cleavage of the captured thrombus clot. It also reduces the risk of IVCF dislodging and slipping in the vessel because its shape expands in the radial direction, allowing its distal end to fit closely to the IVC wall, and because its contact structure with the inner IVC wall is curved, increasing the contact area and reducing the risk of the vessel wall being punctured by the IVCF support structure. We used ANSYS 2023 software to conduct unidirectional fluid-structure coupling simulation of four different forms of IVCF, combined with microthrombus capture experiments in vitro, to explore the impact of these four forms of IVCF on blood flow patterns and to evaluate the risk of IVCF perforation and IVCF dislocation. It can be seen from the numerical simulation results that the helical structure does have the function of inducing blood flow to undergo helical flow dynamics, and the increase in wall shear stress (WSS) brought about by this function can improve the situation of thrombosis accumulation to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the placement of IVCF will change the flow state of blood flow and lead to the deformation of blood vessels. In in vitro experiments, we found that the density of the helical support rod is a key factor affecting the thrombus trapping efficiency, and in addition, the contact area between the IVCF and the vessel wall has a major influence on the risk of IVCF displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang Huang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Li
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Institute of Economics and Management, Beijing, 100102, China.
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Li JY, Liu JL, Tian X, Jia W, Jiang P, Cheng ZY, Zhang YX, Liu X, Zhou M. Clinical outcomes of AngioJet pharmacomechanical thrombectomy versus catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of filter-related caval thrombosis. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:598-609. [PMID: 36793643 PMCID: PMC9923866 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i3.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inferior vena cava filter is utilized worldwide to intercept thrombi and to reduce the risk of fatal pulmonary embolism (PE). However, filter-related thrombosis is a complication of filter implantation. Endovascular methods such as AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy (ART) and catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) can treat filter-related caval thrombosis, but the clinical outcomes of both treatment modalities have not been determined.
AIM To compare the treatment outcomes of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy vs catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.
METHODS In this single-center retrospective study, 65 patients (34 males and 31 females; mean age: 59.0 ± 13.43 years) with intrafilter and inferior vena cava thrombosis were enrolled between January 2021 and August 2022. These patients were assigned to either the AngioJet group (n = 44) or the CDT group (n = 21). Clinical data and imaging information were collected. Evaluation measures included thrombus clearance rate, periprocedural complications, urokinase dosage, incidence of PE, limb circumference difference, length of stay, and filter removal rate.
RESULTS Technical success rates were 100% in the AngioJet and CDT groups. In the AngioJet group, grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was achieved in 26 (59.09%) and 14 (31.82%) patients, respectively. In the CDT group, grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was accomplished in 11 (52.38%) patients and 8 (38.10%) patients, respectively (P > 0.05).The peridiameter difference of the thigh was significantly reduced in patients from both groups after treatment (P < 0.05). The median dosage of urokinase was 0.08 (0.02, 0.25) million U in the AngioJet group and 1.50 (1.17, 1.83) million U in the CDT group (P < 0.05). Minor bleeding was shown in 4 (19.05%) patients in the CDT group, and when it was compared with that in the AngioJet group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). No major bleeding occurred. Seven (15.91%) patients in the AngioJet group had hemoglobinuria and 1 (4.76%) patient in the CDT group had bacteremia. There were 8 (18.18%) patients with PE in the AngioJet group and 4 (19.05%) patients in the CDT group before the intervention (P > 0.05). Computed tomography angiopulmonography (CTA) showed that PE was resolved after the intervention. New PE occurred in 4 (9.09%) patients in the AngioJet group and in 2 (9.52%) patients in the CDT group after theintervention (P > 0.05). These cases of PE were asymptomatic. The mean length of stay was longer in the CDT group (11.67 ± 5.34 d) than in the AngioJet group (10.64 ± 3.52 d) (P < 0.05). The filter was successfully retrieved in the first phase in 10 (47.62%) patients in the CDT group and in 15 (34.09%) patients in the AngioJet group (P > 0.05).Cumulative removal was accomplished in 17 (80.95%) out of 21 patients in the CDT group and in 42 (95.45%) out of 44 patients in the ART group (P > 0.05). The median indwelling time for patients with successful retrieval was 16 (13139) d in the CDT group and 59 (12231) d in the ART group (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION Compared with catheter-directed thrombolysis, AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy can achieve similar thrombus clearance effects, improve the filter retrieval rate, reduce the urokinase dosage and lower the risk of bleeding events in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Jian-Long Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Xuan Tian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Yun-Xin Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China
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A Swine Model of Filter-Assisted Caval Thrombosis for Endovascular Thrombectomy Using AngioJet. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 14:365-370. [PMID: 32661981 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To assess the feasibility of creating swine model of filter-assisted caval thrombosis and to evaluate the efficacy in removing clot in this model using rheolytic thrombectomy. The model was created by implanting a filter into the inferior vena cava followed by injection of autologous thrombus. Rheolytic thrombectomy was performed for all models to remove the clot. The success rate of model creation and the efficacy of clot removal were analyzed. The success rate of model creation was 100% (15/15). Following rheolytic thrombectomy, 3 of 5 pigs attained complete clot removal in a 7-day-old model, while no pigs attained complete clot removal in 14- and 21-day-old models. Creating a filter-related caval thrombosis model in swine is technically feasible and can be used to mimic a clinical episode of caval thrombosis from acute phase to chronic occlusion. Rheolytic thrombectomy can be used to remove filter-related thrombosis that aged less than 14 days. Graphical Abstract Swine Model of Filter-Assisted Caval Thrombotic Occlusion.
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Tian Y, Zhong H, Zhang W. Retroperitoneal hematoma after implantation of double inferior vena cava filters. J Interv Med 2019; 1:252-256. [PMID: 34805859 PMCID: PMC8586714 DOI: 10.19779/j.cnki.2096-3602.2018.04.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A 55-year-old man developed deep venous thrombosis and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis 7 years earlier and was treated by placement of a permanent IVC filter. One week ago, he was admitted with bilateral lower limb swelling and pain. Digital subtraction angiography showed a filling defect above the original filter. A retrievable Tulip filter was placed and catheter-directed thrombolysis was performed. Six days later, the patient experienced sudden, persistent upper right abdominal pain, and a computed tomography scan revealed the formation of retroperitoneal hematoma. Symptomatic treatments were administered, and the hematoma gradually resolved during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Tian
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongshan Zhong
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Correspondence: Hongshan Zhong, Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China,
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Intervention and Department of Shenzhen Medical Intervention Engineering Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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Atrophic inferior vena cava is a marker of chronicity of intra-filter and inferior vena cava thrombosis: based on CT findings. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:64. [PMID: 29642860 PMCID: PMC5896147 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A permanently indwelling filter in the inferior vena cava (IVC) may induce caval thrombosis, which could develop and evolve from an acute to a chronic phase. The differential diagnosis of acute and chronic thromboses determines the treatment strategy. The role of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing acute and chronic intra-filter and IVC thromboses has not been well established. This retrospective study summarizes the CT signs that indicate acute and chronic phases of intra-filter and IVC thromboses. Methods This study included eight patients who developed a lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and were treated with intracaval filter placement as an alternative to anticoagulation and thrombolysis. During the follow-up, all patients developed an intra-filter thrombosis in the IVC confirmed by CT and/or CT venography (CTV). Demographic and CT data of all patients during the follow-up period were collected for analysis. Results All patients had normal-appearing IVCs prior to filter placement, as shown on trans-femoral venography. Eight filters (five TrapEase, three OptEase) were placed in the eight IVCs, respectively. Subsequently, IVC-CT or CTV revealed acute intra-filter or IVC thrombosis in all eight patients, manifesting as an intracaval filling defect and thickened IVC wall. Filter protrusion and secondary caval atrophy seen on CT indicated a chronically occluded IVC. Conclusions IVC thrombosis may result from filter placement. The chronicity of caval thrombotic occlusion is likely to be associated with filter protrusion and secondary IVC atrophy revealed on CT scans.
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Branco BC, Montero-Baker MF, Espinoza E, Gamero M, Zea-Vera R, Labropoulos N, Leon LR. Endovascular management of inferior vena cava filter thrombotic occlusion. Vascular 2018; 26:483-489. [PMID: 29498327 DOI: 10.1177/1708538118761398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Inferior vena cava occlusion is a potentially life-threatening complication related to caval filters. We present our experience with filter-induced inferior vena cava occlusion in order to assess the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of endovascular management. Methods A retrospective review of all patients undergoing inferior vena cava filter placement over a 60-month study period was performed. From this cohort, a total of 10 cases of inferior vena cava occlusion after filter placement were identified. Demographics, clinical data, procedures, and outcomes were extracted. Patients were followed to the last clinic visit or until they died. Results One-hundred eighty filters were placed by our group practice during the study period. Of those, a total of 10 patients were identified. Overall, there were 7 males; the mean age was 57.1 years (25-78 years). The median time between inferior vena cava filter placement and filter occlusion was 105 days (range 5-4745 days). All patients were clinically symptomatic at the time of their presentation. Nine out of 10 patients were successfully managed endovascularly. Trellis™-8 thrombectomy was the most common endovascular strategy performed ( n = 9). Four patients had balloon angioplasty, two of those with stent placement for chronically occluded inferior vena cava/iliac veins. No thromboembolic complications developed during a median follow-up period of 233 days (range 4-1083 days). Conclusions Endovascular management of inferior vena cava occlusion is feasible, safe, and effective in decreasing thrombus burden in the presence of an inferior vena cava filter. Further studies evaluating long-term inferior vena cava patency and optimal surveillance regimen after endovascular management of filter-related inferior vena cava occlusion are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardino C Branco
- 1 Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery & Endovascular Therapy, 3989 Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miguel F Montero-Baker
- 1 Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery & Endovascular Therapy, 3989 Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Maria Gamero
- 3 Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Rodrigo Zea-Vera
- 4 Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, 3989 Baylor College of Medicine , Department of Surgery, 3989 Baylor College of Medicine , Texas Children's Hospital-Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicos Labropoulos
- 5 Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Stonybrook Medical Center, Long Island, NY, USA
| | - Luis R Leon
- 6 Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Arizona, and Tucson Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Kasai H, Tanabe N, Koshikawa K, Hirasawa Y, Sugiura T, Sakao S, Tatsumi K. The Development of Marked Collateral Circulation due to Inferior Vena Cava Filter Occlusion in a Patient with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Complicated with Anti-phospholipid Syndrome. Intern Med 2017; 56:931-936. [PMID: 28420842 PMCID: PMC5465410 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 30-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) with lupus anticoagulants (LAs) in 2003. He underwent pulmonary endarterectomy after the placement of an inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) in 2004, and treatment with warfarin was continued. In 2014, IVCF occlusion and marked collateral circulation were noted during an examination for transient dyspnea; however, his warfarin level was within the therapeutic range for 88.9% of the time from 2003 to 2014. We herein report a rare case of CTEPH and LAs with IVCF occlusion; in such cases, intense treatment may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kasai
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tanabe
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medicine in Pulmonary Hypertension, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Ken Koshikawa
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Hirasawa
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sugiura
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Sakao
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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Ye K, Lu X, Li W, Yin M, Liu X, Qin J, Liu G, Jiang M. Outcomes of Stent Placement for Chronic Occlusion of a Filter-bearing Inferior Vena Cava in Patients with Severe Post-thrombotic Syndrome. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 52:839-846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shi W, Dowell JD. Etiology and treatment of acute inferior vena cava thrombosis. Thromb Res 2016; 149:9-16. [PMID: 27865097 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVCT) is a rare but severe disease that is associated with a high rate of mortality. IVCT can be categorized into primary versus secondary thrombosis dependent upon the underlying pathophysiology. The diagnosis includes both clinical probability assessment as well as the imaging evaluation. The optimal therapeutic strategy remains the target of continued research. Although anticoagulation therapy remains fundamental in treating IVCT, its inherent limitations have led to the use of minimally invasive, endovascular treatment options, including transcatheter thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy or a combination of these techniques. This review focuses on the etiology, diagnostic assessment, and endovascular treatment options for IVCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyin Shi
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Joshua D Dowell
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Pulse-spray catheter-directed thrombolysis with urokinase and argatroban for thrombo-occlusion of an inferior vena cava filter due to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis. J Cardiol Cases 2016; 13:112-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Shi W, Lou W, He X, Liu C, Gu J. The management of filter-related caval thrombosis complicated by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:13078-13088. [PMID: 26550230 PMCID: PMC4612915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This report evaluates the efficiency and safety of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) using tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and argatroban for the treatment of IVC filter thrombosis complicated by heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). From October 2012 to December 2014, 19 patients with unilateral lower extremity deep venous thrombosis were treated with standard anticoagulation, filter placement and urokinase-based CDT, all of whom developed IVC filter thrombosis and HIT. A revised protocol (tPA-based CDT and argatroban-based anticoagulation) was performed to treat IVC thrombosis. The extent of lysis was graded from I to III. Technical and clinical outcomes and complications were monitored. A total of 22 filters were implanted, 20 of which were retrieved later. The technical success rate of revised CDT for IVC thrombosis was 100%. On evaluating IVC thrombus, thirteen cases (68.4%, 13/19) were identified as grade III (complete resolution of thrombus) and six (31.6%, 6/19) as grade II (50-99% resolution of thrombus). No major bleeding related to CDT occurred. HIT in all patients was successfully treated with argatroban. Two patients with malignant tumor died during the follow-up. For patients with IVC filter thrombosis complicated by HIT, it seems tPA-based CDT and argatroban is an alternative regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyin Shi
- The Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNo. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNo. 321, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wensheng Lou
- The Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNo. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xu He
- The Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNo. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Changjian Liu
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNo. 321, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jianping Gu
- The Department of Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityNo. 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
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Higashi H, Yoshii T, Inaba S, Morofuji T, Morioka H, Saito M, Sumimoto T. Life-threatening shock due to inferior vena cava filter thrombosis. HEART, LUNG AND VESSELS 2015; 7:263-5. [PMID: 26495274 PMCID: PMC4593016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Inferior vena cava filter placement during thrombolysis for acute iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2014; 2:274-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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