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Dey S, Bhat A, Janani G, Shandilya V, Gupta R, Mandal BB. Microfluidic human physiomimetic liver model as a screening platform for drug induced liver injury. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122627. [PMID: 38823194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The pre-clinical animal models often fail to predict intrinsic and idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (DILI), thus contributing to drug failures in clinical trials, black box warnings and withdrawal of marketed drugs. This suggests a critical need for human-relevant in vitro models to predict diverse DILI phenotypes. In this study, a porcine liver extracellular matrix (ECM) based biomaterial ink with high printing fidelity, biocompatibility and tunable rheological and mechanical properties is formulated for supporting both parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells. Further, we applied 3D printing and microfluidic technology to bioengineer a human physiomimetic liver acinus model (HPLAM), recapitulating the radial hepatic cord-like structure with functional sinusoidal microvasculature network, biochemical and biophysical properties of native liver acinus. Intriguingly, the human derived hepatic cells incorporated HPLAM cultured under physiologically relevant microenvironment, acts as metabolic biofactories manifesting enhanced hepatic functionality, secretome levels and biomarkers expression over several weeks. We also report that the matured HPLAM reproduces dose- and time-dependent hepatotoxic response of human clinical relevance to drugs typically recognized for inducing diverse DILI phenotypes as compared to conventional static culture. Overall, the developed HPLAM emulates in vivo like functions and may provide a useful platform for DILI risk assessment to better determine safety and human risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Amritha Bhat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - G Janani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Vartik Shandilya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Raghvendra Gupta
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India; Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India; Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Mahmoud MF, Ali N, Mahdi I, Mouhtady O, Mostafa I, El-Shazly AM, Abdelfattah MA, Hasan RA, Sobeh M. Coriander essential oil attenuates dexamethasone-induced acute liver injury through potentiating Nrf2/HO-1 and ameliorating apoptotic signaling. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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Huang P, Hong J, Mi J, Sun B, Zhang J, Li C, Yang W. Polyphenols extracted from Enteromorpha clathrata alleviates inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 286:114897. [PMID: 34890728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Enteromorpha has long been recorded in traditional Chinese medicine, with cholesterol-lowering, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Recently, we extracted the polyphenol-enriched fraction from Enteromorpha clathrata (E. clathrata) by ethyl acetate (ECPs), and isolated six individual polyphenols from ECPs via high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory activity and underlying mechanism of ECPs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS ECPs and the six polyphenols were used for nitric oxide (NO) assay to identify the components with potent inflammation inhibitory effect. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis were applied to further investigate their anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanism in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. RESULTS ECPs and the three individual polyphenols, including (-)-epicatechin, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate and (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, showed in vitro immunosuppressive activity by altering the cell biology at the gene, protein and functional levels in a dose- and species-dependent manner. Their anti-inflammatory effects were achieved by inhibiting LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and its upstream enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as the phagocytotic capacity, without cytotoxicity. The mechanism study further revealed that these anti-inflammatory properties were, at least partly, attributed to the suppressed activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated for the first time the correlation between the anti-inflammatory activity of ECPs and NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting that polyphenol-enriched organic fraction of E. clathrata could be potential candidate as therapeutic agent for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China
| | - Jingxia Hong
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China
| | - Jie Mi
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China
| | - Bolun Sun
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China
| | - Jinjie Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Wenge Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Pes K, Ortiz-Delgado JB, Sarasquete C, Laizé V, Fernández I. Short-term exposure to pharmaceuticals negatively impacts marine flatfish species: Histological, biochemical and molecular clues for an integrated ecosystem risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 90:103822. [PMID: 35101594 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The marine habitat and its biodiversity can be impacted by released pharmaceuticals. The short-term (7 days) effect of 3 commonly used drugs - warfarin, dexamethasone and imidazole - on Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles was investigated. Occurrence of hemorrhages, histopathological alterations, antioxidant status, activity of antioxidant enzymes and expression of genes involved in the xenobiotic response (pxr, abcb1 and cyp1a), were evaluated. The results showed a time and drug-dependent effect. Warfarin exposure induced hemorrhages, hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration, and altered the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the expression of all the studied genes. Dexamethasone exposure increased liver glycogen content, altered antioxidant status, GPx and superoxide dismutase activities, as well as abcb1 and cyp1a expression. Imidazole induced hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration and ballooning, and altered the antioxidant status and expression of the tested genes. The present work anticipates a deeper impact of pharmaceuticals on the aquatic environment than previously reported, thus underlining the urgent need for an integrated risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Pes
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Juan B Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN/CSIC, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Apdo. Oficial, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN/CSIC, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Apdo. Oficial, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; S2 AQUA - Sustainable and Smart Aquaculture Collaborative Laboratory, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Aquaculture Research Center, Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León (ITACyL), Ctra. Arévalo, s/n, 40196 Zamarramala, Segovia, Spain; Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), 36390 Vigo, Spain.
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Sivandzadeh GR, Askari H, Safarpour AR, Ejtehadi F, Raeis-Abdollahi E, Vaez Lari A, Abazari MF, Tarkesh F, Bagheri Lankarani K. COVID-19 infection and liver injury: Clinical features, biomarkers, potential mechanisms, treatment, and management challenges. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:6178-6200. [PMID: 34434987 PMCID: PMC8362548 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i22.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesized that liver impairment caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection might play a central role in severe clinical presentations. Liver injury is closely associated with severe disease and, even with antiviral drugs, have a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. In addition to the common hepatobiliary disorders caused by COVID-19, patients with pre-existing liver diseases demand special considerations during the current pandemic. Thus, it is vital that upon clinical presentation, patients with concurrent pre-existing liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction and COVID-19 be managed properly to prevent liver failure. Careful monitoring and early detection of liver damage through biomarkers after hospitalization for COVID-19 is underscored in all cases, particularly in those with pre-existing metabolic liver injury. The purpose of this study was to determine most recent evidence regarding causality, potential risk factors, and challenges, therapeutic options, and management of COVID-19 infection in vulnerable patients with pre-existing liver injury. This review aims to highlight the current frontier of COVID-19 infection and liver injury and the direction of liver injury in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Reza Sivandzadeh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193635899, Iran
| | - Hassan Askari
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193635899, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193635899, Iran
| | - Fardad Ejtehadi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193635899, Iran
| | - Ehsan Raeis-Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Qom Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom 1417613151, Iran
| | - Armaghan Vaez Lari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Mohammad Foad Abazari
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653761, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Tarkesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193635899, Iran
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Gojska-Zygner O, Galanty M, Degorska B, Frymus J, Zygner W. Congenital gallbladder agenesis in a 9-month-old Bull Terrier. VET MED-CZECH 2021; 66:305-312. [PMID: 40201392 PMCID: PMC11975443 DOI: 10.17221/135/2020-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 04/10/2025] Open
Abstract
Congenital gallbladder agenesis is an extremely rare disorder, which has, to the best of our knowledge, only been reported in seventeen dogs (mainly in Japan). In almost all of these cases, gallbladder agenesis or hypoplasia was detected in small dogs. In this report, we present a case of gallbladder agenesis in a 9-month-old intact female Bull Terrier. The clinical signs included diarrhoea, sporadic vomiting, apathy and decreased appetite. The serum biochemistry revealed an increased liver enzyme activity, an increased concentration of serum bile acids and mild hyperbilirubinaemia. A diagnostic laparotomy demonstrated the lack of a gallbladder and dilation of the common bile duct, which was misinterpreted as the gallbladder in the ultrasonographic examination. The histological examination of the liver revealed degenerative changes in the hepatocytes with glycogen accumulation and some necrotic hepatocytes. The therapy included a low protein diet, fluids, silymarin and ursodeoxycholic acid. After nine weeks of therapy, the dog was in good condition, the diarrhoea and vomiting ceased, and the liver function parameters, such as the AST and GLDH activities, and the concentration of bile acids had decreased to reference intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gojska-Zygner
- Veterinary Clinic Teodor, Warsaw, Poland
- Veterinary Clinic Morskie Oko, Warsaw, Poland
- 24h Veterinary Clinic Elwet, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Galanty
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Degorska
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Frymus
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zygner
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Sultana N, Afrose M, Rafiq K. Effects of steroid growth promoter on morphological and biochemical adaptations in liver of broiler. Vet World 2020; 13:2330-2337. [PMID: 33363323 PMCID: PMC7750219 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2330-2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The study was conducted to observe the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on the gross study and histomorphometry of liver and on the alterations of biochemical parameters of broilers. Materials and Methods Ninety day-old chicks were collected and assigned to one of three groups: The control, Group A, and Group B. The control, Group A, and Group B were fed for 28 days with a homemade ration, a commercial broiler type ration, and a homemade ration with DEX (7 mg/kg feed), respectively. Liver samples were collected from the individual birds after sacrificing on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the experiment. Morphometric characteristics (length, weight, color, and texture) of the liver were examined. Histomorphological alterations of the liver were assessed with routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. To measure the biochemical parameters, blood samples were collected on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 of the experiment. Liver function test was performed spectrophotometrically by analyzing serum biochemical markers, that is, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed for the detection of hepatic steroids. Results Hemorrhagic and congested livers were found in broilers of Group B. There were no significant changes found in weight and length of the livers; only numerical decrease in weight and length was observed in birds of Group B. Liver width was increased in Group B on day 21. Histological observation of livers showed accumulation of lipid droplets, congestion of the sinusoids, and central veins in broilers of Group B. Biochemical analyses showed increased levels of ALT in Group B as compared to Group A on day 14 of the experiment. TLC evaluation revealed a positive result in Group B on 28 days of the experiment. Conclusion The present study results show that DEX may alter the liver morphology and the concentration of ALT in the circulation of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Sultana
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Marzia Afrose
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Rafiq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Orabi SH, Allam TS, Shawky SM, Tahoun EAEA, Khalifa HK, Almeer R, Abdel-Daim MM, El-Borai NB, Mousa AA. The Antioxidant, Anti-Apoptotic, and Proliferative Potency of Argan Oil against Betamethasone-Induced Oxidative Renal Damage in Rats. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E352. [PMID: 33114212 PMCID: PMC7690873 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of argan oil (AO) against nephrotoxic effects following overdose and long-term administration of betamethasone (BM). The phytochemical compositions of AO were assessed using GC/MS. Forty eight male Wister albino rats were divided into six groups and treated for 3 successive weeks. The control group was orally administrated distilled water daily, the BM group received BM (1 mg/kg, IM, day after day), AO/0.5 and AO/1 groups received AO (0.5 mL/kg, 1 mL/kg, orally, daily, respectively), BM + AO/0.5 group and BM + AO/1 group. The results revealed that BM induced hematological changes, including reduction of red blood cells with leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Moreover, BM caused a significant increase of serum urea and creatinine levels, and renal malondialdehyde and nitric oxide contents with significant decrease of reduced glutathione content. BM also caused vascular, degenerative, and inflammatory histopathological alterations in kidney, along with an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activation of caspase-3, and decrease of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. Conversely, the concomitant administration of AO (0.5, 1 mL/kg) with BM ameliorated the aforementioned hematological, biochemical, pathological, and histochemical BM adverse effects. In conclusion, AO has protective effects against BM-induced renal damage, possibly via its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and proliferative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Hassan Orabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menofia 32897, Egypt; (H.K.K.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Tamer S. Allam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menofia 32897, Egypt; or
| | - Sherif Mohamed Shawky
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menofia 32897, Egypt;
| | - Enas Abd El-aziz Tahoun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menofia 32897, Egypt;
| | - Hanem K. Khalifa
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menofia 32897, Egypt; (H.K.K.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Borai El-Borai
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menofia 32897, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoniem Mousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menofia 32897, Egypt; (H.K.K.); (A.A.M.)
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Ahmed EI, Shaaban AM, Abdel Latif AKM. Effect of Canagliflozin, an SGLT2 Inhibitor, in Comparison with Atorvastatin on Dexamethasone-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Albino Rats. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666191007094424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease that is considered the most common liver disease all over the world. It causes metabolic and hepatic damage that can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Objective:
Our research pointed to study the preventive effects of canagliflozin (CANA) or atorvastatin (ATO) on dexamethasone-induced hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia.
Methods:
Animals were grouped as; control group; DEX group; ATO/DEX-treated group; CANA/DE-treated group and ATO+CANA/DEX-treated group. Results: Significant elevations in GSH, SOD and CAT activities, while high significant decreases in serum GOT, GPT, ALP, urea, blood glucose, CK-MB, LDH, T.G, T.C, MDA and P.C levels were demonstrated in treated groups as compared to DEX group in the experimental periods. Also, significant reductions in SGPT, SGPT, ALP, CK-MB, LDH, T.C and T.G levels were detected in CANA/DEX group as compared to ATO/DEX group. All these results were confirmed with histopathological findings where the severe damages and fatty degeneration in both kidney and liver tissues developed by dexamethasone administration resolved by administration of atorvastatin alone or better with Canagliflozin.
Conclusion:
These results indicate that canagliflozin was as effective as atorvastatin or combination of both in reducing dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis. The antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects of canagliflozin may be responsible for the beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman I. Ahmed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Amany M. Shaaban
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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Hepatoprotective effect of ultrasonicated ginseng berry extract on a rat mild bile duct ligation model. J Ginseng Res 2019; 43:606-617. [PMID: 31695567 PMCID: PMC6823758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Panax ginseng berry extract (GBE) is well known to have an antidiabetic effect. The aim of this study is to evaluate and investigate the protective effect of ultrasonication-processed P. ginseng berry extract (UGBE) compared with GBE on liver fibrosis induced by mild bile duct ligation (MBDL) model in rats. After ultrasonication process, the composition ratio of ginsenoside in GBE was changed. The component ratio of ginsenosides Rh1, Rh4, Rg2, Rg3, Rk1, Rk3, and F4 in the extract was elevated. Methods In this study, the protective effect of the newly developed UGBE was evaluated on hepatotoxicity and neuronal damage in MBDL model. Silymarin (150 mg/kg) was used for positive control. UGBE (100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg), GBE (250 mg/kg), and silymarin (150 mg/kg) were orally administered for 6 weeks after MBDL surgery. Results The MBDL surgery induced severe hepatotoxicity that leads to liver inflammation in rats. Also, the serum ammonia level was increased by MBDL surgery. However, the liver dysfunction of MBDL surgery–operated rats was attenuated by UGBE treatment via myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways. Conclusion UGBE has a protective effect on liver fibrosis induced by MBDL in rats through inhibition of the TLR4 signaling pathway in liver.
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Betulinic acid attenuates dexamethasone-induced oxidative damage through the JNK-P38 MAPK signaling pathway in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:499-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Safaeian L, Ghanadian M, Shafiee-Moghadam Z. Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Different Fractions Obtained from Teucrium polium Hydroalcoholic Extract in Rats. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:30. [PMID: 29619154 PMCID: PMC5869962 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_100_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study was aimed to screen the antihyperlipidemic effect of different fractions of Teucrium polium to obtain the most efficient herbal fraction for isolation of bioactive constituents responsible for hypolipidemic activity. Methods: Chloroform, butanol, and aqueous fractions were obtained from hydroalcoholic extract of T. polium aerial parts using partitioning process. To induce hyperlipidemia, dexamethasone (Dex) was injected 10 mg/kg/day (s.c.) for 8 days. In the test groups, animals received 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of T. polium hydroalcoholic extract and different fractions orally simultaneously with Dex. Serum lipid profile and hepatic marker enzymes were evaluated using biochemical kits. Results: All treatments, especially chloroform and aqueous fractions, reversed serum lipid markers in hyperlipidemic rats. Maximum reduction in triglyceride (60.2%, P < 0.001) and maximum elevation in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (35.0%, P < 0.01) was observed for chloroform fraction. Maximum cholesterol-lowering effect (29.0%, P < 0.001) and maximum reduction in low-density lipoprotein were found for hydroalcoholic extract (72.9%, P < 0.001). Aqueous fraction improved all lipid markers at the highest dose. Butanol fraction decreased triglyceride at the lowest dose (43.9%, P < 0.001) and increased HDL (33%, P < 0.05) at the highest dose. There was a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in all tested groups compared to normal group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed strong antihyperlipidemic effect of various fractions derived from hydroalcoholic extract of T. polium. Chloroform and aqueous fractions may be worthy candidates for isolation of bioactive hypolipidemic constituents. However, possible hepatotoxicity should be considered for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Safaeian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Shafiee-Moghadam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Mikiewicz M, Otrocka-Domagała I, Paździor-Czapula K, Rotkiewicz T. Influence of long-term, high-dose dexamethasone administration on proliferation and apoptosis in porcine hepatocytes. Res Vet Sci 2017; 112:141-148. [PMID: 28391056 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of long-term, high-dose dexamethasone administration on the liver, with particular emphasis on hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis, using a swine model. The study included 48 large, female Polish breed pigs aged 3months (weighing ca. 30kg) divided into groups I (control; n=24) and II (dexamethasone; n=24) that receiving intra-muscular injections of monosodium phosphate dexamethasone for 29days. The pigs were euthanized on days subsequent to the experiment. Immediately after the euthanasia, the pig livers were sampled, fixed, and processed routinely for histopathology, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry (for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Bcl-2, and caspase-3). Apoptosis was visualized by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL). Dexamethasone administration gradually caused hepatocyte glycogen degeneration and finally lipid degeneration, accompanied by sinusoid and central vein dilatation and nuclear chromatin condensation. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen index, mean number of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions and proliferation index of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions were lower, while Bcl-2 expression was higher in group II compared with group I. The results from this study suggest that safe high-dose dexamethasone administration time is difficult to establish. Long-term, high-dose dexamethasone administration can cause pronounced morphological changes in hepatocytes by diminishing their transcriptional and proliferation activity but also protects them from apoptosis by potentially affecting Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Mikiewicz
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Iwona Otrocka-Domagała
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Paździor-Czapula
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Rotkiewicz
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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14
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Kim KH, Lee JM, Zhou Y, Harpavat S, Moore DD. Glucocorticoids Have Opposing Effects on Liver Fibrosis in Hepatic Stellate and Immune Cells. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:905-16. [PMID: 27355192 DOI: 10.1210/me.2016-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a reversible wound-healing process that is protective in the short term, but prolonged fibrotic responses lead to excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components that suppresses hepatocyte regeneration, resulting in permanent liver damage. Upon liver damage, nonparenchymal cells including immune cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have crucial roles in the progression and regression of liver fibrosis. Here, we report differential roles of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), acting in immune cells and HSCs, in liver fibrosis. In the carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxin-induced fibrosis model, both steroidal and nonsteroidal GR ligands suppressed expression of fibrotic genes and decreased extracellular matrix deposition but also inhibited immune cell infiltration and exacerbated liver injury. These counteracting effects of GR ligands were dissociated in mice with conditional GR knockout in immune cells (GR(LysM)) or HSC (GR(hGFAP)): the impacts of dexamethasone on immune cell infiltration and liver injury were totally blunted in GR(LysM) mice, whereas the suppression of fibrotic gene expression was diminished in GR(hGFAP) mice. The effect of GR activation in HSC was further confirmed in the LX-2 HSC cell line, in which antifibrotic effects were mediated by GR ligand inhibition of Sma and mad-related protein 3 (SMAD3) expression. We conclude that GR has differential roles in immune cells and HSCs to modulate liver injury and liver fibrosis. Specific activation of HSC-GR without alteration of GR activity in immune cells provides a potential therapeutic approach to treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.H.K., J.M.L., Y.Z., D.D.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.M.L.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea 41944; Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (Y.Z., D.D.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Department of Pediatrics (S.H.), Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.H.K., J.M.L., Y.Z., D.D.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.M.L.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea 41944; Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (Y.Z., D.D.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Department of Pediatrics (S.H.), Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.H.K., J.M.L., Y.Z., D.D.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.M.L.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea 41944; Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (Y.Z., D.D.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Department of Pediatrics (S.H.), Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sanjiv Harpavat
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.H.K., J.M.L., Y.Z., D.D.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.M.L.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea 41944; Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (Y.Z., D.D.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Department of Pediatrics (S.H.), Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.H.K., J.M.L., Y.Z., D.D.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (J.M.L.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea 41944; Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (Y.Z., D.D.M.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; and Department of Pediatrics (S.H.), Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
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15
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Khosravanian H, Razi M, Farokhi F, Khosravanian N. Simultaneous Administration of Dexamethasone and Vitamin E Reversed Experimental Varicocele-induced Impact in testicular tissue in Rats; Correlation with Hsp70-2 Chaperone Expression. Int Braz J Urol 2016; 41:773-90. [PMID: 26401872 PMCID: PMC4757008 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2013.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of isolated and co-administration of vitamin E (VitE) and dexamethasone (DEX) on varicocele (VCL)-induced damages in testicular tissue. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6), including; control-sham, non-treated VCL-induced, VitE-treated VCL-induced (VitE, 150 mg/kg, orally), DEX-administrated VCL-induced (DEX, 0.125 mg/kg, i.p.), VitE+DEX-received VCL-induced animals. The antioxidant status analyses, histopathological examinations, hormonal assay and tissue levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed. The germinal epithelium RNA damage and Leydig cells steroidogenesis were analyzed. Moreover, the Hsp70-2 protein expression was examined based on immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. The sperm parameters, DNA integrity and chromatin condensation were investigated. Results: VitE and DEX in simultaneous form of administration significantly (P<0.05) down-regulated the tissue ALP level and attenuated the VCL-decreased GSH-px, SOD and TAC levels and remarkably (P<0.05) down-regulated the testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) contents. The VCL-induced histopathological alterations significantly (P<0.05) improved in VitE and DEX-administrated animals. The VitE and DEX co-administration reduced the VCL-increased RNA damage and elevated the Leydig cells steroidogenic activity. The Hsp70-2 protein level completely (P<0.05) increased in VitE and DEX alone–and-simultaneous-administrated animals. Finally, the VitE and DEX could significantly (P<0.05) improve the VCL-decreased semen quality and improved the sperm DNA integrity and chromatin condensation. Conclusion: Our data suggest that Vit E by up-regulating the antioxidant status and DEX by reducing inflammation-dependent oxidative and nitrosative stresses could improve the VCL-reduced Hsp70-2 chaperone expression and ultimately protected the testicular endocrine activities and promoted the spermatogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Khosravanian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazdak Razi
- Department of Comparative Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farah Farokhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Narges Khosravanian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Li D, Guo G, Deng X, Fan R, Guo Q, Fan M, Liang J, Luo F, Qian Z. PLA/PEG-PPG-PEG/Dexamethasone implant prepared by hot-melt extrusion for controlled release of immunosuppressive drug to implantable medical devices, part 2:in vivoevaluation. Drug Deliv 2013; 20:134-42. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.801049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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El-Sayed WM. Effect of pregnane X receptor (PXR) prototype agonists on chemoprotective and drug metabolizing enzymes in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 660:291-297. [PMID: 21496454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of known PXR inducers; spironolactone [SPL, (i.p.)], pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile [PCN, (i.g.)] and dexamethasone (i.p.) on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in the male CF1 mouse were examined 24 h after 3 daily doses (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) in corn oil vehicle. All three compounds produced dose-dependent elevations in cytochrome P450 [CYP3A], glutathione S-transferase [GST] and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase [NQO] activities. Only elevations in CYP3A produced after dexamethasone were statistically significant. An elevation in microsomal epoxide hydrolase [mEH, Ephx1] activity was seen after almost all treatments but was erratic with dose. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and thioredoxin reductase activities were not increased by any agent. Dexamethasone elevated Cyp1a1/2 mRNA at the low dose but reduced the mRNA transcript and activity of the enzyme at the mid and high doses. The mRNA responses of Ephx1 and Nqo1 showed a close parallel to each other with no increases after dexamethasone or SPL treatment, and elevations at the mid dose of PCN. With the exception of dexamethasone at the high dose, elevations in Gst mRNAs were seen with all doses of the three agents. When a large number of hepatic enzymes are examined, the responses to dexamethasone, SPL and PCN are far from identical, and any dose dependency is agent specific. Induction of enzymes seems more complicated to be controlled by one orphan receptor. This study not only filled the void about the murine PXR-induction profile but also will help in the course of drug development research with respect to extrapolation to human risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M El-Sayed
- King Faisal University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hufof 31982, Ahsaa, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Wang MT, Jin Y, Yang YX, Zhao CY, Yang HY, Xu XF, Qin X, Wang ZD, Zhang ZR, Jian YL, Huang Y. In vivo biodistribution, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects of liver targeting dexamethasone acetate loaded nanostructured lipid carrier system. Int J Nanomedicine 2010; 5:487-97. [PMID: 20957171 PMCID: PMC2950407 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s10393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether the enhancement of the liver accumulation and anti-inflammatory activity of dexamethasone acetate (DXMA) could be achieved by incorporating it into nanostructured lipid carrier (NLCs). DXMA-NLCs were prepared using a film dispersion-ultrasonication method and characterized in terms of particle size, PDI, zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry, drug loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release. The biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of DXMA-NLCs in mice were significantly different from those of the DXMA solution (DXMA-sol). The peak concentration of DXMA-NLCs was obtained half an hour after intravenous administration. More than 55.62% of the total administrated dose was present in the liver. An increase of 2.57 fold in the area under the curve was achieved when compared with that of DXMA-sol. DXMA-NLCs exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effect on carrageenan-induced rats and carbon tetrachloride-induced mice compared with DXMA-sol. However, the effect was not in proportion to the dosage. The intermediate and low dosages presented better effects than DXMA-sol. All results indicate that NLCs, as a novel carrier for DXMA, has potential for the treatment of liver diseases, increasing the cure efficiency and decreasing the side effects on other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Ding Y, Zhao L, Mei H, Zhang SL, Huang ZH, Duan YY, Ye P. Exploration of Emodin to treat alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestatic hepatitis via anti-inflammatory pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 590:377-86. [PMID: 18590720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Emodin, 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone, is an anthraquinone derivative from the roots of Rheum officinale Baill that has been used to treat many diseases in digestive system for thousands of years. This study is to disclose the mechanism of Emodin to treat cholestatic hepatitis via anti-inflammatory pathway. Rats were divided into Emodin, ursodeoxycholic acid, Dexamethasone, model and blank control groups with treatment of respective agent after administration of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate. At 24 h, 48 h and 72 h time points after administration, liver function, pathological changes of hepatic tissue, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and early growth response (Egr)-1, nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected. As a result, compared to the controls, Emodin had a notable effect on rat's living condition, pathological manifestation of hepatic tissue, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P<0.05), but had little effect on alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and total bile acid. With Emodin intervention, levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, MPO, MDA, CINC-1, MIP-2, ICAM-1 and translocation of NF-kappaB were remarkably decreased, and levels of NO and iNOS were markedly increased (P<0.05). Emodin had no effect on Egr-1. In conclusion, Emodin has a protective effect on hepatocytes and a restoring activity on cholestatic hepatitis by anti-inflammation. The effects are mainly due to antagonizing pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, inhibiting oxidative damage, improving hepatic microcirculation, reducing impairment signals, and controlling neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical and Health Center for Women and Children, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, PR China
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20
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Emre AU, Karadeniz GC, Tascilar O, Ucan BH, Irkorucu O, Karakaya K, Comert M. The Janeway gastrostomy tube for recurrent gastric intubations: a novel and simple animal model. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53:410-2. [PMID: 17932754 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-0034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Access to the gastric lumen can be achieved by different methods. Orogastric tubes and tube gastrostomies are frequently used but these routes have some disadvantages when recurrent gastric intubations or infusions are concerned. The Janeway gastrostomy tube is a simple-to-perform procedure and can serve as an excellent way to reach the gastric lumen of animals. It is also possible to insert large caliber devices such as cameras to examine the gastric lumen. Plugging of the pylorus is also possible with Fogarty catheters either blind or under radiological guidance. The Janeway gastric tube seems to be useful for long-lasting gastrointestinal procedures, for example gastric cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ugur Emre
- General Surgery, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Zonguldak 67600, Turkey.
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