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1
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Zhang Z, Pang W, Chen M, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Fu S, Wen J. Case Report: Two cases of atypical neurofibroma neoplasm of uncertain biological potential in the nasal cavity and a literature review. Front Oncol 2025; 15:1539671. [PMID: 40308487 PMCID: PMC12040903 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1539671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the clinical diagnosis, treatment processes, and pathological characteristics of two cases of atypical neurofibroma neoplasm of uncertain biological potential (ANNUBP) located in the nasal cavity. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical history, imaging studies, pathological results, and follow-up data of two patients diagnosed with nasal ANNUBP who were admitted to Qingdao University Hospital between June and October 2023. A review of relevant literature was conducted to summarize their clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Results Both patients underwent surgical treatment, with one receiving postoperative radiotherapy. Follow-up evaluations indicated that both patients experienced satisfactory recovery, with no signs of local recurrence or distant metastasis. Conclusion ANNUBP is a recently recognized and rare subtype of neurogenic tumor. Surgical intervention is regarded as an effective treatment method. This study adhered to established treatment principles for nasal tumors and achieved satisfactory outcomes through surgical intervention and diligent postoperative follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenhui Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuhui Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengyao Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junfeng Wen
- Department of Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Skórka P, Kordykiewicz D, Ilków A, Ptaszyński K, Wójcik J, Skórka W, Wojtyś ME. Surgical Treatment and Targeted Therapy for a Large Metastatic Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1648. [PMID: 39768355 PMCID: PMC11680011 DOI: 10.3390/life14121648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Revised: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) significantly increases the risk of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), a rare and aggressive malignancy for which treatment is clinically challenging. This paper presents the case of a 24-year-old male with an NF1 who developed MPNST with lung metastases. Due to the limited effectiveness of systemic therapy in the treatment of MPNST, the patient underwent radical surgical resection and radiotherapy. Pathological evaluation confirmed high-grade MPNST, and PET-CT imaging revealed further metastatic progression. The treatment results for our patient are compared with those of other patients with NF1 who also developed MPNST with lung metastases in the literature. The findings suggest the need for further research into personalized treatment strategies that may improve prognosis and overall survival in patients with NF1 and MPNST, with immunotherapy being a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Skórka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Alfreda Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dawid Kordykiewicz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Alfreda Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ilków
- Department of General, Vascular and Oncological Surgery, Provincial Hospital, Mikołaja Kopernika, Tytusa Chałubińskiego 7, 75-581 Koszalin, Poland
| | - Konrad Ptaszyński
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Janusz Wójcik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Alfreda Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Skórka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Alfreda Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Edyta Wojtyś
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Alfreda Sokołowskiego 11, 70-891 Szczecin, Poland
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3
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Chen Q, Cui H, Zheng K, Xu M, Yu X. Denosumab combined with chemotherapy followed by anlotinib in the treatment of multiple metastases of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: a case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1399021. [PMID: 39119091 PMCID: PMC11306154 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1399021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary intraosseous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare yet highly aggressive neoplasms originating from peripheral nerves. Typically manifesting as soft tissue masses accompanied by pain or functional impairment, these tumors pose significant challenges in management. Surgical intervention remains the cornerstone of treatment for patients with MPNST lacking distant metastasis, with generally modest success rates. In cases of recurrence and metastasis, the pursuit of effective systemic therapies has been a focus of clinical investigation. Herein, we present a case study involving an elderly female patient with refractory MPNST. In light of surgical limitations, a multimodal therapeutic approach combining chemotherapy, denosumab, and subsequent administration of anlotinib was pursued following collaborative consultation. This regimen yielded noteworthy clinical benefits, exemplifying a promising avenue in the management of challenging MPNST cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiuchun Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Jinan, Shandong, China
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4
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Kinch K, Roberts F. Primary orbital sarcoma in adults: a case series with emphasis on post-irradiation sarcoma. Orbit 2024; 43:417-428. [PMID: 36622318 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2022.2160766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a series of eight adult patients with primary orbital sarcoma and to review the existing literature on orbital sarcoma and post-irradiation sarcoma. METHODS Report of eight cases and literature review. RESULTS We report eight cases of primary orbital sarcoma, three of which were radiation-induced. Only one patient had a history of retinoblastoma. The most common presentations were painful proptosis and reduced vision. Most tumours arose in the extraconal compartment. The overall median age at diagnosis was 50 years. The pathology comprised a diverse group of tumours. Treatment and outcome varied between patients and their clinical circumstances. CONCLUSIONS Adult primary orbital sarcomas are rare. They can comprise a variety of tumour types and are difficult to treat. Irradiation is a significant risk factor, and the incidence of post-irradiation sarcoma of the orbit may be increasing due to the widespread use of radiotherapy and improved survival of patients with cancer. Post-irradiation sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an orbital space-occupying lesion in a patient with a history of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kinch
- Pathology Department, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fiona Roberts
- Pathology Department, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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5
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Yamamori A, Murayama S, Takahashi I, Akaihata M, Kakuda Y, Sugino T, Aramaki T, Onoe T, Takahashi Y, Ishida Y. Young Adult Secondary Cancer After Proton Beam Therapy: A Case Study. Adv Radiat Oncol 2024; 9:101307. [PMID: 38260212 PMCID: PMC10801643 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2023.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Yamamori
- Division of Pediatrics (and the AYA Generation), Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Ikuko Takahashi
- Division of Pediatrics (and the AYA Generation), Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Akaihata
- Division of Pediatrics (and the AYA Generation), Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Takeshi Aramaki
- Interventional Radiology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Division of Pediatrics (and the AYA Generation), Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
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6
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Brown R. Management of Central and Peripheral Nervous System Tumors in Patients with Neurofibromatosis. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:1409-1417. [PMID: 37906356 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), and schwannomatosis represent a diverse group of genetic tumor predisposition syndromes with a shared feature of tumors affecting the peripheral nerve sheaths. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Many advancements have been made in understanding the biologic underpinnings of these conditions, and in 2016 the first drug was approved by the FDA to treat pediatric symptomatic unresectable plexiform neurofibromas. RECENT FINDINGS: Mek inhibitors have provided a much-needed therapeutic avenue for NF1 patients with unresectable plexiform neurofibromas (PN), both for reduction of tumor bulk and for improvement in symptoms. Selumetinib is the first FDA approved drug for PN, but is only approved for children. Some research suggests that alternative Mek inhibitors and other mixed tyrosine kinase inhibitors may have better efficacy in adults. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor bevacizumab can prolong hearing and delay the need for surgery in NF2 patients with bilateral vestibular schwannomas. This article provides an update regarding considerations and approaches when treating the tumors associated with the neurofibromatoses (NF), including risk and prognosis metrics, clinical trial results, surgical techniques, and radiation therapy recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brown
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, The Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1138, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Director of the Neurofibromatosis Clinic at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue Annenberg Building, 2nd FL, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Li H, Wang L, Wu YH, Chen G, Li HX, Fan LF, Gu M, Jiang CH. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with hemophilic syndrome and bone marrow fibrosis: A rare case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:7673-7679. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i31.7673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant schwannoma is a rare tumor in the peripheral nervous system, accounting for approximately 5% to 10% of systemic soft tissue sarcomas. Especially, malignant schwannoma occurring in the broad ligament of the uterus with hemophilic syndrome and bone marrow fibrosis is extremely rare in clinical practice. Here, we report the first case of an patient diagnosed with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of the broad ligament of the uterus with hemophilic syndrome and bone marrow fibrosis, and share our reference clinical diagnosis and treatment experience.
CASE SUMMARY A patient was diagnosed with MPNST of the uterus harboring hemophilic syndrome and bone marrow fibrosis. She received combination, and repeated imaging revealed further encountered rare complications (hemophilia syndrome and bone marrow fibrosis) after two cycles of chemotherapy. Thereafter, combined treatment with pazopanib, gemcitabine, and dacarbazine was initiated. Unfortunately, the patient succumbed to death at hospital after two weeks.
CONCLUSION This report firstly provided reference clinical practice for a patient with MPNST of the uterus harboring hemophilic syndrome and bone marrow fibrosis. Our case raises a reminder about the tolerance and safety of combination therapy, especially in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos 017000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos 017000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ying-Hong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Baogang Hospital, Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 014010, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos 017000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hong-Xia Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos 017000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Fen Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos 017000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos 017000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Cai-Hong Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos 017000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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Khosravi T, Oladnabi M. The role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in neurofibromatosis type 1. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:17-30. [PMID: 36345594 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a frequent cancer predisposition syndrome. The common hallmark of patients with this multisystemic genetic disorder is the formation of peripheral nerve sheath tumors, which can be seen as either dermal, plexiform, and malignant forms. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an essential gene regulation factor and consists of 22-25 nucleotides. MiRNAs are identified to act as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes (oncomirs) in a wide variety of human cancers. They play multiple roles in molecular pathways responsible for tumor homing, progression, and invasion. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) also has a key role in cancer transcriptomics. Altered lncRNA expression levels have been found in various malignancies. This review aims to summarize the role of two noncoding RNA groups, miRNAs and lncRNAs, in NF1 establishment, development, and progression. We also highlight their potential for future clinical interventions and devising new diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teymoor Khosravi
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Morteza Oladnabi
- Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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9
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Ahn H, Song WJ, Choi S, Kim JH, Jung JY, Cheong J, Park H, Jeong H, Yun Y. A rare case of cecal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a dog. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1051-1055. [PMID: 35732442 PMCID: PMC9412057 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12-year-old mixed-breed dog presented with a 2-month history of abdominal distension. Radiographic examination, abdominal ultrasonography, and computed tomography revealed a mass in the cecum (15.0 × 11.9 × 4.5 cm). The cecal mass was surgically removed and examined histopathologically. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells expressed S-100 and neuron specific enolase but not α-smooth muscle actin and CD117 (c-kit). These histologic and immunohistochemical features indicated that the mass was consistent with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). In dogs, most MPNSTs arise from the brachial plexus, spinal nerve root, and skin of the extremities. However, gastrointestinal MPNSTs in dogs have not been described previously. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe cecal MPNST in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerin Ahn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University
| | - Woo-Jin Song
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University.,Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University
| | - Solji Choi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University
| | - Ji-Youl Jung
- Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University
| | - Jongtae Cheong
- Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University.,Laboratory of Veterinary General Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University
| | - Hyunjung Park
- Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University.,Laboratory of Veterinary Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University
| | - Hyohoon Jeong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University.,Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University
| | - Youngmin Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University.,Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University
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Sobczuk P, Teterycz P, Czarnecka AM, Świtaj T, Koseła-Paterczyk H, Kozak K, Falkowski S, Rutkowski P. Systemic Treatment for Advanced and Metastatic Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors-A Sarcoma Reference Center Experience. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103157. [PMID: 33003503 PMCID: PMC7601777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare type of soft tissue sarcomas. The localized disease is usually treated with surgery along with perioperative chemo- or radiotherapy. However, up to 70% of patients can develop distant metastases. The study aimed to evaluate the modes and outcomes of systemic treatment of patients with diagnosed MPNST treated in a reference center. In total, 115 patients (56 female and 59 male) diagnosed with MPNST and treated due to unresectable or metastatic disease during 2000–2019 were included in the retrospective analysis. Schemes of systemic therapy and the outcomes—progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS)—were evaluated. The median PFS in the first line was 3.9 months (95% CI 2.5–5.4). Doxorubicin-based regimens were the most commonly used in the first line (50.4% of patients). There were no significant differences in PFS between chemotherapy regimens most commonly used in the first line (p = 0.111). The median OS was 15.0 months (95% CI 11.0–19.0) and the one-year OS rate was 63%. MPNST are resistant to the majority of systemic therapies, resulting in poor survival in advanced settings. Chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide is associated with the best response and longest PFS. Future studies and the development of novel treatment options are necessary for the improvement of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Sobczuk
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (A.M.C.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (K.K.); (S.F.); (P.R.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Paweł Teterycz
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (A.M.C.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (K.K.); (S.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (A.M.C.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (K.K.); (S.F.); (P.R.)
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Świtaj
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (A.M.C.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (K.K.); (S.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Hanna Koseła-Paterczyk
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (A.M.C.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (K.K.); (S.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Kozak
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (A.M.C.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (K.K.); (S.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Sławomir Falkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (A.M.C.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (K.K.); (S.F.); (P.R.)
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (P.T.); (A.M.C.); (T.Ś.); (H.K.-P.); (K.K.); (S.F.); (P.R.)
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