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Myeong HS, Kim W, Sim J, Park H, Lee CH, Kim JH, Kim CH. A Comparative Study of Spinous Process Splitting Laminectomy and Laminoplasty for Thoracolumbar Intradural Spinal Tumor Surgery. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2025:01787389-990000000-01590. [PMID: 40391980 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000001621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In intradural spinal tumor surgery, laminoplasty (LP) aims to better preserve posterior spinal structures compared with laminectomy, potentially reducing complications such as deformity and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Spinous process splitting laminectomy (SPSL), a modified form of laminectomy, also maintains the integrity of posterior spinal elements. However, there is concern regarding postoperative fluid collection at the laminectomy site. This study aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes between the two techniques. METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent thoracolumbar intradural tumor surgery performed by a single experienced surgeon. Patients with instrumentation, hemilaminectomy, or reoperation for the same lesion were excluded. The volume of postoperative fluid collections and the degree of thecal sac compression caused by these collections on sagittal MRI were evaluated. Postoperative complications, along with other surgical and clinical outcomes were compared between groups. In addition, risk factors of cord compression were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 149 patients underwent SPSL (n = 78) or LP (n = 71), with similar baseline characteristics. The mean volume of postoperative fluid collection per level was significantly larger in the SPSL group than in the LP group (P < .01, 95% CI [1.087, 2.858]). However, because the fluid passively accumulated in the dead space at the laminectomy site, the degree of thecal sac compression did not differ significantly (P = .536). Complication rates and neurological outcomes were comparable, although one SPSL patient required reoperation for symptomatic epidural hematoma and one LP patient for cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Changes in sagittal alignment parameters did not differ between groups. Fluid collection volume was not a risk factor of cord compression, but older age was (P = .01, 95% CI [1.01, 1.09]). CONCLUSION SPSL and LP demonstrated similar clinical and radiological outcomes. Although SPSL technique resulted in a larger volume of postoperative passive fluid collections at the laminectomy site, it did not lead to worse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Sung Myeong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungbo Sim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangeul Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hoe Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Heon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Benato A, Zeoli F, Beccia F, Battistelli M, Rapisarda A, Olivi A, Polli FM. Bed rest duration and development of cerebrospinal fluid leaks after intradural spinal surgery: a meta-analysis of comparative studies. J Neurosurg Sci 2025; 69:210-217. [PMID: 40340285 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.25.06470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and related complications are a major concern after intradural spinal surgeries. The role of prolonged bed rest in reducing the incidence of these complications has been debated. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether early versus late mobilization affects the incidence of CSF leak-related complications (CLRC) after intradural spinal surgery. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies on early ambulation (EA) versus prolonged bed rest (PBR) in patients undergoing intradural spinal surgery. Studied considered for inclusion defined EA as mobilization on postoperative day 1, while PBR as mobilization on postoperative day 3. The primary outcome was the incidence of CLRC, defined as pseudomeningocele, durocutaneous fistula, or wound dehiscence. Secondary outcome was the incidence of medical complications. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Three retrospective comparative studies with a total of 949 patients were included in the analysis. No significant difference was found in the incidence of CLRC between the EA and PBR groups. Length of hospital stay (LOS) and postoperative medical complications incidence were significantly lower in the EA group. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis found that EA does not increase the risk of CLRC compared to PBR, while shortening LOS and reducing medical complications occurrence. These findings suggest that early mobilization could be a safe and effective postoperative strategy, reducing hospital stay and complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Benato
- IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Zeoli
- IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Battistelli
- IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy -
- Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Olivi
- IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo M Polli
- IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Wang L, Liu S, Zheng J, Li R, Xing Z. Contributing factors to postoperative surgical site infections in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors undergoing endonasal transsphenoidal resection. Sci Rep 2025; 15:2995. [PMID: 39848981 PMCID: PMC11757733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-86567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs), often treated via endonasal transsphenoidal resection, present a risk for postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs), including intracranial infections such as meningitis. Identifying the risk factors associated with these infections is crucial for improving surgical outcomes and patient care. A retrospective study was conducted at a medical center from June 2020 to June 2023. The study included 20 patients with postoperative intracranial infections and 50 controls without infections. Inclusion criteria involved adult patients diagnosed with PitNETs who underwent standard endonasal transsphenoidal surgery and provided informed consent. Exclusion criteria included previous neurosurgical procedures, preoperative infections, concurrent severe diseases, or alternative surgical approaches. Diagnostic criteria for intracranial infections were based on clinical, hematological, cerebrospinal fluid, radiological, and microbiological findings. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS, focusing on univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Univariate analysis showed no significant association of intracranial infections with factors like smoking history, previous craniotomy, operation time, hypertension, preoperative sphenoid sinusitis, BMI, and age. However, postoperative CSF leaks, intracranial pneumocephalus, diabetes mellitus, and tumor extension to the third ventricle were significantly associated with infections. Multivariate logistic regression further confirmed these findings, with significant odds ratios for these factors. The study reveals a significant correlation between postoperative CSF leaks, intracranial pneumocephalus, diabetes mellitus, and tumor extension to the third ventricle with the occurrence of SSIs following endonasal transsphenoidal resection of PitNETs. Microbial analysis revealed Escherichia coli as the most prevalent pathogen in post-surgery infections, with notable antibiotic resistance patterns observed in key bacteria, necessitating careful antibiotic selection. Tailored clinical treatment strategies addressing these risk factors are essential to reduce the incidence of postoperative SSIs and enhance patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, 56 Jinsui Avenue, Weibin District, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Shanxian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, 56 Jinsui Avenue, Weibin District, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, 56 Jinsui Avenue, Weibin District, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, 56 Jinsui Avenue, Weibin District, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Zhenyi Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, 56 Jinsui Avenue, Weibin District, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China.
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Pando A, Hanna G, Kamil R, Raj JP, Bryk E, Liu JK, Gillick J, Goldstein I. Managing Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak After Lumbar Spinal Fusion: When Conservative Treatment is Not the Answer? World Neurosurg 2025; 193:1047-1053. [PMID: 39299438 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are a known complication of lumbar fusion surgery. There is a scarcity of literature describing the management of this complication. The aim of this study was to identify patients who are at risk of requiring further intervention for managing CSF leaks. METHODS The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to identify patients who had lumbar fusion in the United States from 2002 to 2014. Inpatient outcomes including the incidence and risk factors for requiring an intervention were calculated. Secondary outcomes including average length of stay, mean cost, and mortality rates were calculated. All statistical analyses were conducted based on multivariate regression models using the SPSS software. RESULTS A total of 11,636 patients with postoperative CSF leak after elective lumbar fusion were identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2002 to 2014. Of these patients, 79.9% (9294/11,636) required an advanced intervention including epidural blood patch, simple repair, or operative management. There was an increase of 13% per year in the use of an intervention in managing CSF leaks. After controlling for several confounding factors, independent risk factors for requiring an intervention included older age (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.005-1.013; P < 0.0001), lateral approach (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.26-1.81; P < 0.0001) and posterior approach (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.34-1.91; P < 0.0001) compared to anterior approach. Nonsurgical treatment was associated with increased length of stay (5.93 ± 4.61 vs. 5.25 ± 3.63; P < 0.0001) with similar hospitalization costs (119,537.2 ± 89,045.6 vs. 120,277.9 ±87,894.1; P = 0.72) and mortality (0.3% vs. 0.3%; P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Spine surgeons should be aware of certain patient and procedure-specific characteristics that increase the risk of requiring an intervention for CSF leak management after lumbar fusion to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pando
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Gabriel Hanna
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brookdale University Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Kamil
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Hackensack University Medical CenterSpin, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jeffrey Pradeep Raj
- Katsurba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka
| | - Eli Bryk
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - James K Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Neurosurgeons of New Jersey, NYU Langone Neurosurgery Network, Department of Neurosurgery, Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, RWJ Barnabas Health, Livingston, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Gillick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ira Goldstein
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Hackensack University Medical CenterSpin, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
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Fermeli D, Panagiotopoulos V, Papadakos D, Theofanopoulos A, Zampakis P, Constantoyannis C. Post-operative gigantic lumbar pseudomeningocele: A case report. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2024; 66:911-916. [PMID: 39774362 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.66.e126479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pseudomeningocele is a rare, but still existing, complication after spinal surgeries. It may be asymptomatic or presented with back pain, radicular pain or headaches. Many pseudomeningoceles resolve spontaneously, others require revision surgery with dural repair. We present a female patient who underwent duroplasty treatment for a massive postoperative lumbar pseudomeningocele measuring 22.57 cm in length after broad laminectomy. A 71-year-old female with previous thoracolumbar T10-L5 instrumentation surgery, underwent a L2-5 broad laminectomy due to severe canal stenosis at the L2-5 level. Intraoperatively, an accidental spotted durotomy occurred at the level of L4-5. Primary repair was not feasible, so artificial dura was placed. Postoperatively the patient presented with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, which was treated with external lumbar drain and bedrest. Three months later, our patient presented to our outpatient clinic with a large 15 cm long bulging mass at the surgical site without any neurological deficit. A lumbar CT scan was conducted and a gigantic lumbar pseudomeningocele of 22.57 cm length and 6.29 cm width from the level of T11 to S2 was observed. We performed a revision surgery with duroplasty and there was no recurrence of CSF leak or pseudomeningocele after 7 months follow-up.
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Kinoshita H, Hongo M, Kobayashi T, Kasukawa Y, Kikuchi K, Kudo D, Kimura R, Ono Y, Kasama F, Miyakoshi N. Dural Injury During Spinal Surgery and Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage: A Single-Center Experience. Cureus 2024; 16:e71878. [PMID: 39559681 PMCID: PMC11573356 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.71878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of dural injury during spinal surgery and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage varies between studies. We examined these rates in our institution. METHODS Among 4014 patients who underwent a spinal operation between January 2012 and February 2020, 176 experienced an intraoperative dural injury (176 of 4014 cases, 4.3%). Among these, 22 (22 of 176 cases, 12.5%) developed postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. RESULTS The cause of dural injury was identified in 74 of 176 patients (42%). The rates of dural injury associated with thoracic, cervical, and lumbar operations were 7.8% (25 of 321 cases), 3.2% (19 of 602 cases), and 4.3% (132 of 3091 cases), respectively. Corresponding rates of cerebrospinal fluid leakage were 28% (seven of 25 cases), 5.3% (one of 19 cases), and 11% (14 of 132 cases), respectively. Most patients who experienced cerebrospinal fluid leakage recovered with bed rest; however, cerebral hemorrhage occurred in two patients. CONCLUSIONS Although it was difficult to identify the cause of dural injury in more than half of patients, suturing the dura and using polyglycolic acid mesh with fibrin glue was effective. No patients required reoperation, even those who developed cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michio Hongo
- Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, JPN
| | | | - Yuji Kasukawa
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, JPN
| | - Kazuma Kikuchi
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Yuri Kumiai General Hospital, Yurihonjo, JPN
| | - Daisuke Kudo
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, JPN
| | - Ryota Kimura
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, JPN
| | - Yuichi Ono
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, JPN
| | - Fumihito Kasama
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Akita Kousei Medical Center, Akita, JPN
| | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, JPN
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Ng JY, Abdul Rahman KAB, Mohd Ramzisham J, Haron HB, Abdul Rahman MRB, Md Ali NA. Combined Intrathoracic and Intraspinal Approach to a Neurogenic Dumbbell Tumour. Cureus 2024; 16:e69248. [PMID: 39398752 PMCID: PMC11470383 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A neurogenic dumbbell tumour is a rare occurrence in which the tumour has an extension through an intervertebral foramen, acquiring an hourglass shape. Surgical strategies to resect these tumours are rapidly evolving, and there is no definite consensus on the approach, stages, and plan of surgery. Here, we present a case report on a dumbbell tumour that was successfully resected via laminectomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) approach. A 53-year-old lady had an incidental finding of a mediastinal mass from chest radiography. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies showed a neurogenic mass with extension into the posterior mediastinum via the T1/2 neural foramina. A multi-disciplinary operation was planned for the patient, starting with neurosurgery resecting the intraspinal portion via laminectomy. The posterior mediastinal portion of the mass was resected via the right VATS approach and was successfully resected entirely. Her operation was complicated with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, requiring a revisit surgery. She was subsequently discharged well. Histopathology examination of the resected mass confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma. Surgical resection of a dumbbell tumour is challenging because it involves both the thoracic and neurosurgical fields. There is currently no consensus on the best way to approach a tumour. Multiple articles have discussed various approaches, such as single-stage versus two-stage surgery, VATS versus open incisions, and the plan or sequence of the surgery. Dumbbell tumours need to be assessed on a case-by-case basis, and a multidisciplinary approach involving both neurosurgery and cardiothoracic surgery in deciding the best surgical approach could ensure a successful resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juin Yi Ng
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | | | - Jazmine Mohd Ramzisham
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) and University College Dublin (UCD) Malaysia Campus, George Town, MYS
| | - Hairulfaizi B Haron
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | | | - Nur Ayub Md Ali
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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Du Z, Tang X, Cai Z, Wang H, Wei R, Wang J. Intentional Dural Resection during en bloc Spinal Resection Could Provide a Secure Surgical Margin for Patients with Recurrent Spinal Tumors. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:1753-1760. [PMID: 38859700 PMCID: PMC11293908 DOI: 10.1111/os.14104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is always difficult to obtain a comfortable surgical margin for patients with recurrent malignant or invasive benign spinal tumors. Tumor intraspinal invasion and dural adhesion are the essential reasons. There are always residual tumor cells maintained at the edge of dura. Dural resection is a key point to obtain a comfortable surgical margin for such cases. Whether such patients benefit from this risky surgical procedure is unknown. This study aims to understand better the oncological results, associated risks, and neurological function of this risky surgical procedure. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed clinical data from six consecutive patients who registered spinal tumors in our institute and underwent dural resection during en bloc spinal resection from June 2013 to May 2020. The demographic and perioperative data, oncological outcomes, complications, and neurological status were collected and analyzed. RESULTS All six patients were followed up for 24 to 46 months (mean follow-up time: 32.8 months). Local recurrence was detected in one patient (1/6, 16.7%) at 36 months postoperatively and in five patients with no evidence of disease at the last follow up (survival rate 83.3%). Eleven complications occurred in four patients (66.7%), and the dural resection-related complications included only four cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL), which accounted for 36.4% (4/11) of all complications. Neurologic status evaluated by the Frankel grade showed improvement of one grade in one case and deterioration of one to two grades in five patients immediately after surgery. All deterioration cases recovered to the preoperative level 6 months after the operation. CONCLUSION Dural resection is significant for patients with dura matter invaded by recurrent primary malignant or invasive benign spinal tumors with the purpose of clinical cure. This study demonstrated that in strictly selected cases, intentional dural resection could provide satisfying local control and long-term disease-free survival with acceptable complications and satisfying neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiye Du
- Musculoskeletal Tumor CenterPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaodong Tang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor CenterPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Musculoskeletal Tumor CenterPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Han Wang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor CenterPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ran Wei
- Musculoskeletal Tumor CenterPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jun Wang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor CenterPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
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El-Ghandour NMF. Commentary: Keyhole Fenestration for Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in the Thoracic Spine: Quantification of Bone Removal and Microsurgical Anatomy. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2024; 27:10-11. [PMID: 38285055 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
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Chen PJ, Lin HL. Severe pneumocranium after gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastasis: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38464. [PMID: 38847695 PMCID: PMC11155530 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKRS) is a recognized safe and effective treatment for brain metastasis; however, some complications can present significant clinical challenges. This case report highlights a rare occurrence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and pneumocranium following GKRS, emphasizing the need for awareness and prompt management of these complications. PATIENT CONCERNS A 35-year-old male with a history of malignant neoplasm of the lip in 2015 and perineural spread of malignancy into the left cavernous sinus was treated with GKRS in 2017. The patient was admitted emergently 39 days after discharge due to persistent headache and dizziness. DIAGNOSES Brain computed tomography (CT) revealed diffuse bilateral pneumocranium alongside an observation of CSF leakage. INTERVENTIONS A surgical procedure involving a left frontal-temporal craniotomy was performed to excise a residual skull base tumor and repair the dura, guided by a navigator system. The conclusive pathological assessment revealed the presence of squamous cell carcinoma markers. OUTCOMES The patient exhibited excellent tolerance to the entire procedure and experienced a prompt and uneventful recovery process. After surgery, the symptoms alleviated and CSF leak stopped. The follow-up image showed the pneumocranium resolved. LESSONS Pneumocranium due to early-stage post-GKRS is uncommon. The rapid tumor shrinkage and timing of brain metastasis spreading through the dura can lead to CSF leak and pneumocranium. We reviewed current treatment options and presented a successful craniotomy-based dura repair case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hung-Lin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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Said W, Maragno E, Leibrandt L, Spille D, Schipmann S, Stummer W, Gallus M, Schwake M. A Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating the Comparative Effectiveness of Unilateral Hemilaminectomy and Bilateral Laminectomy in the Resection of Spinal Meningiomas. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2024; 26:685-694. [PMID: 38376184 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The primary treatment modality for spinal meningiomas (SM) is surgical resection. In recent years, minimal invasive spine surgery has gained considerable popularity, attributing its growth to advancements in surgical technologies and improved training of surgeons. Nonetheless, the suitability and effectiveness of minimal invasive spine surgery for intradural spinal tumor resection remain a subject of debate. In this cohort study, we aimed to compare the extent of resection of the unilateral hemilaminectomy approach, a less invasive technique, with the more traditional and invasive bilateral laminectomy. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study including patients with SM who underwent surgery at our department between 1996 and 2020. Cohorts included patients who underwent tumor resection through bilateral laminectomy and patients who underwent a unilateral hemilaminectomy. The primary end point was extent of resection according to the Simpson classification. RESULTS Of 131 with SM, 36 had a bilateral laminectomy and 95 were operated through a unilateral hemilaminectomy. In both groups, gross total resection, Simpson grades 1 and 2, was achieved in 94.44% and 94.74%, respectively ( P = .999). The neurological outcome was also comparable in both cohorts ( P = .356). Both length of hospital stay and estimated blood loss were significantly lower in the unilateral cohort ( P < .05). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that the unilateral hemilaminectomy yields comparable results in both oncological and neurological outcome when compared with the bilateral laminectomy. Thus, unilateral hemilaminectomy may serve as a viable and safe alternative for the surgical removal of SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Said
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster , Germany
| | - Emanuele Maragno
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster , Germany
| | - Lara Leibrandt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster , Germany
| | - Dorothee Spille
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster , Germany
| | - Stephanie Schipmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster , Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bergen, Bergen , Norway
| | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster , Germany
| | - Marco Gallus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster , Germany
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco , California , USA
| | - Michael Schwake
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster , Germany
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Ye J, Hong Z, Chu B, Wang Z, Jiang L, Zhu Z, Chen Z. Comparison of dural closure methods for dural repair to reduce the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Br J Neurosurg 2024; 38:668-673. [PMID: 34253094 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2021.1950626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) is a common complication during spinal surgery. This study aimed to compare dural closure with different suture types, sizes, and techniques, and adhesives to reduce the occurrence of CSFL. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a pig spine model, the PDS II 4-0, 5-0, 6-0, Vicryl 4-0, 5-0, 6-0, and Prolene 4-0, 5-0, 6-0 sutures were compared by calculating the permeability after suturing. Spraying bioprotein glue was also tried. Next, 120 patients who underwent surgery for intraspinal subdural tumors were enrolled and received 5-0 PDSII, Vicryl, or Prolene for dura repair. RESULTS In the animal model study, Vicryl 5-0 showed a reduced leakage flow rate compared with 5-0 Prolene and 5-0 PDS II. In the clinical study, postoperative drainage in the Vicryl group was smaller than that in the other groups during the first 3 days after surgery (p < 0.05). Drainage volume of patients with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage in the Vicryl group was smaller than that in the other groups during the first 3 days after surgery (p < 0.05). There were 12 patients (23.1%, 12/52) in the Vicryl group, 20 patients (55.6%, 20/36) in the PDS group, and 16 patients (50.0%, 16/32) in the Prolene group who had CSFL.The incidence of CSFL was significantly reduced in Vicryl group compared with the other groups(P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS 5-0 Vicryl sutures significantly reduced the dural leakage flow rate in an animal spine model. Fibrin glue can reinforce dural repair after surgery. 5-0 Vicryl was associated with a lower occurrence of CSFL in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Ye
- Spinal Surgery Department, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhenghua Hong
- Spinal Surgery Department, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Binxiang Chu
- Spinal Surgery Department, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhangfu Wang
- Spinal Surgery Department, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lingjun Jiang
- Spinal Surgery Department, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhong Zhu
- Spinal Surgery Department, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhongyi Chen
- Spinal Surgery Department, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
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Quiceno E, Soliman MAR, Khan A, Cavagnaro MJ, McSpadden RP, Pollina J, Levy EI, Mullin JP. Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap for Treatment of Cervical Wound Defects and Persistent Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks: A Technical Note and Systematic Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2024; 185:e915-e925. [PMID: 38458254 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.02.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft tissue defects and persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks can create complications after cervical spinal surgery. The supraclavicular artery island (SAI) flap is useful in closing tissue defects, particularly in these complex surgeries and multiple reinterventions. However, technical reports in this context are scarce. We describe application of the SAI flap technique to control persistent CSF leak in the first documented instance (to our knowledge) of a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) in the cervical epidural space. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive review of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar from their earliest records through December 17, 2023 using combined terms, "supraclavicular artery island flap AND spine" and "supraclavicular AND flap AND spine". TECHNICAL NOTE A 56-year-old woman with arm pain and weakness presented with a cervical epidural mass extending from C4-C6 and associated spinal cord compression. She underwent a 3-level corpectomy and tumor resection. Primary dural closure was impossible due to the dural invasion, and reintervention with an SAI flap and definitive lumboperitoneal shunting were required to control and seal the CSF leak. SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW Seven case reports describing SAI flap for spinal surgery complications were identified. The indications in those cases were correcting esophageal and hypopharyngeal perforations after cervical fusion and discectomy and persistent soft tissue coverage after cervical instrumentation. CONCLUSIONS The SAI flap technique provided wound defect coverage in this case and is suitable for addressing issues such as persistent CSF leaks or soft tissue coverage after cervical spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Quiceno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Buffalo General Medical Center, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mohamed A R Soliman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Buffalo General Medical Center, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asham Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Buffalo General Medical Center, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Maria Jose Cavagnaro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Buffalo General Medical Center, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ryan P McSpadden
- Department of Head and Neck/Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - John Pollina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Buffalo General Medical Center, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Elad I Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Buffalo General Medical Center, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Mullin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Buffalo General Medical Center, Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York, USA.
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14
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Albayar A, Spadola M, Blue R, Saylany A, Dagli MM, Santangelo G, Wathen C, Ghenbot Y, Macaluso D, Ali ZS, Ozturk AK, Welch WC. Incidental Durotomy Repair in Lumbar Spine Surgery: Institutional Experience and Review of Literature. Global Spine J 2024; 14:1316-1327. [PMID: 36426799 PMCID: PMC11289568 DOI: 10.1177/21925682221141368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN : Retrospective Chart Review. OBJECTIVES Incidental durotomies (IDs) are common spine surgery complications. In this study, we present a review on the most commonly utilized management strategies, report our institutional experience with case examples, and describe a stepwise management algorithm. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of the electronic medical records of all patients who underwent a thoracolumbar or lumbar spine surgery between March 2017 and September 2019. Additionally, a literature review of the current management approaches to treat IDs and persistent postoperative CSF leaks following lumbar spine surgeries was performed. RESULTS We looked at 1133 patients that underwent posterior thoracolumbar spine surgery. There was intraoperative evidence of ID in 116 cases. Based on our cohort and the current literature, we developed a progressive treatment algorithm for IDs that begins with a primary repair, which can be bolstered by dural sealants or a muscle patch. If this fails, the primary repair can be followed by a paraspinal muscle flap, as well as a lumbar drain. If the patient cannot be weaned from temporary CSF diversion, the final step in controlling postoperative leak is longterm CSF diversion via a lumboperitoneal shunt. In our experience, these shunts can be weaned once the patient has no further clinical or radiographic signs of CSF leak. CONCLUSIONS There is no standardized management approach of IDs and CSF leaks in the literature. This article intends to provide a progressive treatment algorithm and contribute to the development process of a treatment consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Albayar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Spadola
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Blue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anissa Saylany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mert Marcel Dagli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Santangelo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Connor Wathen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yohannes Ghenbot
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dominick Macaluso
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zarina S. Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali K. Ozturk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William C. Welch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Sun S, Luo H, Wang Y, Xi Y, Fang K, Wu T. Artificial spinal dura mater made of gelatin microfibers and bioadhesive for preventing cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2353-2356. [PMID: 38323482 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06278c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Artificial spinal dura mater was designed by combining solution blow-spun gelatin microfibers and dopamine-capped polyurethane bioadhesive. Notably, the gelatin microfibers had a special pore structure, good water adsorption capability, and excellent burst pressure resistance. The bioadhesive layer contributed to the excellent sealing performance in the wet state. This material provides a promising alternative as an artificial spinal dura mater to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical and Health Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Yuanfei Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical and Health Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Yongming Xi
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Kuanjun Fang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical and Health Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Manufacturing Low Carbon and Functionalized Textiles in the Universities of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biofibers and Eco-textiles, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical and Health Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
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16
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Schwake M, Krahwinkel S, Gallus M, Schipmann S, Maragno E, Neuschmelting V, Perrech M, Müther M, Lenschow M. Does Early Mobilization Following Resection of Spinal Intra-Dural Pathology Increase the Risk of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks?-A Dual-Center Comparative Effectiveness Research. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:171. [PMID: 38256431 PMCID: PMC10821288 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Prolonged bed rest after the resection of spinal intradural tumors is postulated to mitigate the development of cerebrospinal fluid leaks (CSFLs), which is one of the feared postoperative complications. Nonetheless, the empirical evidence supporting this conjecture remains limited and requires further investigation. The goal of the study was to investigate whether prolonged bed rest lowers the risk of CSFL after the resection of spinal intradural tumors. The primary outcome was the rate of CSFL in each cohort. Materials and Methods: To validate this hypothesis, we conducted a comparative effectiveness research (CER) study at two distinct academic neurosurgical centers, wherein diverse postoperative treatment protocols were employed. Specifically, one center adopted a prolonged bed rest regimen lasting for three days, while the other implemented early postoperative mobilization. For statistical analysis, case-control matching was performed. Results: Out of an overall 451 cases, we matched 101 patients from each center. We analyzed clinical records and images from each case. In the bed rest center, two patients developed a CSFL (n = 2, 1.98%) compared to four patients (n = 4, 3.96%) in the early mobilization center (p = 0.683). Accordingly, CSFL development was not associated with early mobilization (OR 2.041, 95% CI 0.365-11.403; p = 0.416). Univariate and multivariate analysis identified expansion duraplasty as an independent risk factor for CSFL (OR 60.33, 95% CI: 0.015-0.447; p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this CER, we demonstrate that early mobilization following the resection of spinal intradural tumors does not confer an increased risk of the development of CSFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schwake
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Sophia Krahwinkel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Gallus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stephanie Schipmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Emanuele Maragno
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Volker Neuschmelting
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (V.N.); (M.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Moritz Perrech
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (V.N.); (M.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Michael Müther
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.K.); (M.G.); (S.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Moritz Lenschow
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (V.N.); (M.P.); (M.L.)
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17
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Khan DZ, Tariq K, Lee KS, Dyson EW, Russo V, Watkins LD, Russo A. Patient-specific automated cerebrospinal fluid pressure control to augment spinal wound closure: a case series using the LiquoGuard®. Br J Neurosurg 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38174716 PMCID: PMC11013023 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2023.2290101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are common, and their management is heterogeneous. For high-flow leaks, numerous studies advocate for primary dural repair and CSF diversion. The LiquoGuard7® allows automated and precise pressure and volume control, and calculation of patient-specific CSF production rate (prCSF), which is hypothesized to be increased in the context of durotomies and CSF leaks. METHODS This single-centre illustrative case series included patients undergoing complex spinal surgery where: 1) a high flow intra-operative and/or post-operative CSF leak was expected and 2) lumbar CSF drainage was performed using a LiquoGuard7®. CSF diversion was tailored to prCSF for each patient, combined with layered spinal wound closure. RESULTS Three patients were included, with a variety of pathologies: T7/T8 disc prolapse, T8-T9 meningioma, and T4-T5 metastatic spinal cord compression. The first two patients underwent CSF diversion to prevent post-op CSF leak, whilst the third required this in response to post-op CSF leak. CSF hyperproduction was evident in all cases (mean >/=140ml/hr). With patient-specific CSF diversion regimes, no cases required further intervention for CSF fistulae repair (including for pleural CSF effusion), wound breakdown or infection. CONCLUSIONS Patient-specific cerebrospinal fluid drainage may be a useful tool in the management of high-flow intra-operative and post-operative CSF leaks during complex spinal surgery. These systems may reduce post-operative CSF leakage from the wound or into adjacent body cavities. Further larger studies are needed to evaluate the comparative benefits and cost-effectiveness of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyal Z. Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kanza Tariq
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Keng Siang Lee
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Edward W Dyson
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Vittorio Russo
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Laurence D Watkins
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Antonino Russo
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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18
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Halayqeh S, Glueck J, Balmaceno-Criss M, Alsoof D, McDonald CL, Diebo BG, Daniels AH. Delayed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery. NORTH AMERICAN SPINE SOCIETY JOURNAL 2023; 16:100271. [PMID: 37771759 PMCID: PMC10522904 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2023.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Background An uncommon complication of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is dura tear, which may be further complicated by cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leak. Dural tears with CSF leak can lead to catastrophic neurologic outcomes and should be recognized early. Case Description This case report describes a 43-year-old female patient with history of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome who presented 1-year post-ACDF with positional headaches and lightheadedness. Imaging revealed ACDF plate subsidence and CSF leak with inferior displacement of the cerebellar tonsils. Outcome The patient underwent a revision procedure with removal of index screws and CSF repair using epidural blood patch, fat graft, and Tisseel. The original bicortical screws were replaced with shorter larger diameter unicortical screws. Post-operative imaging at 2 and 6 weeks confirmed resolution of CSF leak. Conclusions Healthcare professionals and patients undergoing spinal surgery should be aware of late presentation CSF leaks which can represent gradual decline in neurological function. Surgical candidates at risk to develop CSF leaks should be counseled about possible complications in preoperative planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sereen Halayqeh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Kettle Point Ave East Providence, RI, 02914 United States
| | - Jacob Glueck
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Kettle Point Ave East Providence, RI, 02914 United States
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond St., RI, 02903 United States
| | - Mariah Balmaceno-Criss
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Kettle Point Ave East Providence, RI, 02914 United States
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond St., RI, 02903 United States
| | - Daniel Alsoof
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Kettle Point Ave East Providence, RI, 02914 United States
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond St., RI, 02903 United States
| | - Christopher L. McDonald
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Kettle Point Ave East Providence, RI, 02914 United States
| | - Bassel G. Diebo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Kettle Point Ave East Providence, RI, 02914 United States
| | - Alan H. Daniels
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Kettle Point Ave East Providence, RI, 02914 United States
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19
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Zhai J, Guo S, He D, Zhao Y. Treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leakage with prolonged use of subfascial epidural drain and antibiotics in patients of thoracic myelopathy after posterior decompression surgery. Front Surg 2023; 10:1302816. [PMID: 38033525 PMCID: PMC10687366 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1302816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) is a prevalent and vexing complication associated with spine surgery. No standard protocol is available guiding CSFL management, especially for thoracic CSFL. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of prolonged use of subfascial epidural drain and antibiotics to treat CSFL after posterior thoracic decompression surgery. Methods Fifty-six patients with an average age of 52.3 years (24-76 years), who underwent thoracic decompression with CSFL (group A) and 65 patients with an average age of 54.9 years (25-80 years) without CSFL (group B) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients in group A had prolonged use of subfascial drainage and antibiotics and patients in group B were treated with conventional methods. The surgical results and rate of wound related complications was compared between the two groups. Results The average subfascial drainage time was 7.0 ± 2.7 days (2-16 days) and 3.8 ± 1.4 days (2-7 days) in group A and B, respectively. Higher occupation rate (>49%), presence of dural ossification and higher MRI grade (>2) were more likely to presented with CSFL. In group A, four patients (7.1%) presented with deep wound infection and were successfully managed with wound debridement or intravenous antibiotics. In group B, one patient (1.5%) had a superficial wound infection and was treated with antibiotics. No patients presented with wound dehiscence, wound exudation or CSF fistulation. Conclusion The occupation rate of ossified mass and presence of dural ossification were the major risk factors of CSFL. No significant difference in infection rates was observed between the patients in group A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Zhai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shigong Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Da He
- Spine Department, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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20
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Shu Y, Long ZS, Chen G. Using quasi-abdominal puncture catheterisation to treat CSF leaks during posterior spinal surgery. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:4449-4450. [PMID: 37121871 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
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21
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Kiyoshi T, Yoshihiro M, Kazuya Y, Kazu K, Hirokazu S, Kenichi K, Yasuharu N. Dural reconstruction following resection of ventral and lateral spinal cord meningiomas: Fenestrated Durotomy with Oversized Graft technique. J Clin Neurosci 2023; 116:120-124. [PMID: 37696149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningiomas, although benign, often require complete resection due to their tendency for recurrence. However, dural reconstruction poses significant challenges, especially in the case of ventral meningiomas. While some reports have highlighted the usefulness of dural reconstruction using an artificial dura mater, no studies have yet confirmed dural canal enlargement through MRI post-surgically. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Fenestrated Durotomy with Oversized Graft (FDOG) technique in cases of meningiomas and other intradural extramedullary tumors and evaluated dural canal dilation through MRI after using an artificial dura mater. METHODS This retrospective case series included 8 patients who underwent combined resection of intradural extramedullary tumors and dural repair using the FDOG technique. An artificial dura mater larger than that resected was inserted into the dural defect resulting from complete tumor resection on the ventral or lateral side of the spinal cord. The new dura mater was secured with a single dorsal suture. The dural incision was closed using watertight sutures following standard procedure. Measurement of the extent of dural canal enlargement was achieved via pre- and postoperative MRI scans. RESULTS None of the patients required additional treatments or lumbar drainage. All achieved independent ambulation without complications, and imaging tests indicated satisfactory dural expansion without signs of cerebrospinal fluid leakage. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method for dural repair in cases involving large dural defects on the ventral or lateral side of the spinal cord was shown to be a straightforward and effective approach with minimal postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarukado Kiyoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Matsumoto Yoshihiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yokota Kazuya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kobayakawa Kazu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saiwai Hirokazu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kawaguchi Kenichi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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22
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Krahwinkel S, Schipmann S, Spille D, Maragno E, Al Barim B, Warneke N, Stummer W, Gallus M, Schwake M. The Role of Prolonged Bed Rest in Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage After Surgery of Intradural Pathology-A Retrospective Cohort Study. Neurosurgery 2023; 93:563-575. [PMID: 36883822 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) is a feared complication after surgery on intradural pathologies and may cause postoperative complications and subsequently higher treatment costs. OBJECTIVE To assess whether prolonged bed rest may lower the risk of CSFL. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study including patients with intradural pathologies who underwent surgery at our department between 2013 and 2021. Cohorts included patients who completed 3 days of postoperative bed rest and patients who were mobilized earlier. The primary end point was the occurrence of clinically proven CSFL. RESULTS Four hundred and thirty-three patients were included (female [51.7%], male [48.3%]) with a mean age of 48 years (SD ±20). Bed rest was ordered in 315 cases (72.7%). In 7 cases (N = 7/433, 1.6%), we identified a postoperative CSFL. Four of them (N = 4/118) did not preserve bed rest, showing no significant difference to the bed rest cohort (N = 3/315; P = .091). In univariate analysis, laminectomy (N = 4/61; odds ratio [OR] 8.632, 95% CI 1.883-39.573), expansion duraplasty (N = 6/70; OR 33.938, 95% CI 4.019-286.615), and recurrent surgery (N = 5/66; OR 14.959, 95% CI 2.838-78.838) were significant risk factors for developing CSFL. In multivariate analysis, expansion duraplasty was confirmed as independent risk factor (OR 33.937, 95% CI 4.018-286.615, P = .001). In addition, patients with CSFL had significant higher risk for meningitis (N = 3/7; 42.8%, P = .001). CONCLUSION Prolonged bed rest did not protect patients from developing CSFL after surgery on intradural pathologies. Avoiding laminectomy, large voids, and minimal invasive approaches may play a role in preventing CSFL. Furthermore, special caution is indicated if expansion duraplasty was done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Krahwinkel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schipmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dorothee Spille
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Emanuele Maragno
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bilal Al Barim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nils Warneke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Walter Stummer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marco Gallus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Schwake
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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23
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Jiang L, Budu A, Khan MS, Goacher E, Kolias A, Trivedi R, Francis J. Predictors of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Following Dural Repair in Spinal Intradural Surgery. Neurospine 2023; 20:783-789. [PMID: 37798970 PMCID: PMC10562229 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2346432.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to compare the effectiveness of dural closure techniques in preventing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks following surgery for intradural lesions and seek to identify additional factors associated with CSF leaks. Surgical management of spinal intradural lesions involves durotomy which requires a robust repair to prevent postoperative CSF leakage. The ideal method of dural closure and the efficacy of sealants has not been established in literature. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all intradural spinal cases performed at a tertiary spine centre from 1 April 2015 to 29 January 2020 and collected data on patient bio-profile, dural repair technique, and CSF leak rates. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify predictors for postoperative CSF leak. RESULTS A total of 169 cases were reported during the study period. There were 15 cases in which postoperative CSF leak was reported (8.87%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that patient age (odds ratio [OR], 0.942; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.891-0.996), surgical indication listed in the "others" category (OR, 44.608; 95% CI, 1.706-166.290) and dural closure with suture, sealant and patch (OR, 22.235; 95% CI, 2.578-191.798) were factors associated with CSF leak. Postoperative CSF leak was associated with the risk of surgical site infection with a likelihood ratio of 8.704 (χ² (1) = 14.633, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Identifying predictors for CSF leaks can assist in the counselling of patients with regard to surgical risk and expected postoperative recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Muhammad Shuaib Khan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward Goacher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Angelos Kolias
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rikin Trivedi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jibin Francis
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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24
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Dong RP, Zhang Q, Yang LL, Cheng XL, Zhao JW. Clinical management of dural defects: A review. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:2903-2915. [PMID: 37215425 PMCID: PMC10198091 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i13.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dural defects are common in spinal and cranial neurosurgery. A series of complications, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage, occur after rupture of the dura. Therefore, treatment strategies are necessary to reduce or avoid complications. This review comprehensively summarizes the common causes, risk factors, clinical complications, and repair methods of dural defects. The latest research progress on dural repair methods and materials is summarized, including direct sutures, grafts, biomaterials, non-biomaterial materials, and composites formed by different materials. The characteristics and efficacy of these dural substitutes are reviewed, and these materials and methods are systematically evaluated. Finally, the best methods for dural repair and the challenges and future prospects of new dural repair materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Peng Dong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Li Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Liang Cheng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jian-Wu Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
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25
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Külzer M, Weigand MA, Pepke W, Larmann J. [Anesthesia in spinal surgery]. DIE ANAESTHESIOLOGIE 2023; 72:143-154. [PMID: 36695838 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-023-01255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative patient care have led to a considerable increase in surgical procedures of the spine worldwide. Therefore, the spectrum was extended from minimally invasive procedures up to complex operations over several segments of the spinal column with high loss of blood and complex perioperative management. This article presents the principal pillars of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management relating to spinal surgery. Furthermore, procedure-specific features, such as airway management in cervical spine instability or implementation of intraoperative neuromonitoring are dealt with in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Külzer
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Wojciech Pepke
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Jan Larmann
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
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26
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Costăchescu B, Niculescu AG, Iliescu BF, Dabija MG, Grumezescu AM, Rotariu D. Current and Emerging Approaches for Spine Tumor Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15680. [PMID: 36555324 PMCID: PMC9779730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spine tumors represent a significant social and medical problem, affecting the quality of life of thousands of patients and imposing a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Encompassing a wide range of diseases, spine tumors require prompt multidisciplinary treatment strategies, being mainly approached through chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical interventions, either alone or in various combinations. However, these conventional tactics exhibit a series of drawbacks (e.g., multidrug resistance, tumor recurrence, systemic adverse effects, invasiveness, formation of large bone defects) which limit their application and efficacy. Therefore, recent research focused on finding better treatment alternatives by utilizing modern technologies to overcome the challenges associated with conventional treatments. In this context, the present paper aims to describe the types of spine tumors and the most common current treatment alternatives, further detailing the recent developments in anticancer nanoformulations, personalized implants, and enhanced surgical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Costăchescu
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Florin Iliescu
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marius Gabriel Dabija
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Rotariu
- “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. N. Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
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27
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Barber SM, Sofoluke N, Reardon T, Mongelluzzo G, Weiner GM, Hofstetter C, Telfeian A, Konakondla S. Full Endoscopic Repair of Spontaneous Ventral Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in the Spine: Systematic Review of Surgical Treatment Options and Illustrative Case. World Neurosurg 2022; 168:e578-e586. [PMID: 36243360 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are a rare entity that can lead to intracranial hypotension and associated headaches, meningismus, and patient debility. Surgical treatment may be necessary for patients who do not respond to conservative management. Surgical repair of CSF leaks located in the ventral thoracic spine traditionally require an invasive, open approach. METHODS We describe the case of a patient with a ventral thoracic spontaneous spinal CSF leak associated with a ventral bony osteophyte successfully treated with spinal endoscopy. We also provide a systematic review of the literature to better understand outcomes of this approach. RESULTS A total of 55 patients were included in the systematic review. The study designs found in the literature review included case reports (66.7%), retrospective cohorts (22.2%), and prospective cohorts (11.1%). Of the studies reporting data, 50% of studies stated they used an open posterior approach to the dural defect, while 37.5% reported using an open anterior approach to the pathology. Only 1 (12.5%) study reported using an endoscope. Most studies (62.5%) used primary closure of the dura in their technique, while 37.5% reported using a local tissue graft (fat or muscle) or a dural sealant for their closure technique, and 25% of studies reported using a dural substitute for their closure technique. Overall mean clinical follow-up was 19.8 months. CONCLUSIONS The endoscopic approach described here for treatment of this rare entity allows for removal of bony spicules/osteophytes and dural repair without the morbidity associated with traditional open dorsolateral or ventrolateral approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Barber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nelson Sofoluke
- Geisinger Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health, Danville, USA
| | - Taylor Reardon
- Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Gregory M Weiner
- Geisinger Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christoph Hofstetter
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Albert Telfeian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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28
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Giagkou N, Spanou I, Mitsikostas DD. Current perspectives on the recognition and diagnosis of low CSF pressure headache syndromes. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:815-827. [PMID: 36453212 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2152674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Headaches occur when cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure drops following dural puncture or trauma or spontaneously. As the features of these headaches and their accompanying symptoms might not be typical, low CSF pressure headache syndromes, and spontaneous intracranial hypotension in particular, are often misdiagnosed and underdiagnosed. AREAS COVERED The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the most recent evidence regarding the clinical presentation and the diagnosis of low CSF pressure headache syndromes. EXPERT OPINION The clinical spectrum low CSF pressure headache syndromes varies significantly and key signs might be missing. Low CSF pressure headache syndromes should be included in the differential diagnosis of any case of refractory headache, even when the headache is not orthostatic, or there are normal neuroimaging findings, and/or lumbar puncture opening pressure is within normal limits. Future research should focus on controlled interventional studies on the treatment of low CSF pressure headache syndromes, which are currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Giagkou
- 1 Neurology Department, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Spanou
- 1 Neurology Department, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimos D Mitsikostas
- 1 Neurology Department, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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29
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Wilson C, McVeigh L, Williams A, Acchiardo J, Bradbury J. Efficacy and Safety of Subfascial Epidural Drainage Protocol After Intraoperative Durotomy in Posterior Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Surgery: Reoperation Prevention and Outcomes Among Drained and Undrained Cohorts. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2022; 23:200-205. [PMID: 35972082 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) egress after durotomy in posterior thoracic or lumbar spine surgery may cause devastating complications. Persistent CSF leaks may require reoperation, which confers additional cost and morbidity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of our subfascial epidural drainage protocol in the setting of durotomy to prevent reoperation. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of drained and undrained cohorts was completed to identify factors associated with reoperation for persistent CSF leak-related symptoms. The efficacy and safety of this 7-day subfascial epidural drainage protocol was assessed by comparing reoperation incidence, perioperative complications, rehabilitation necessity, and readmissions. RESULTS In total, 156 patients underwent subfascial epidural drainage, and 14 were not drained. Subfascial drainage for up to 7 days was associated with a significantly lower incidence of reoperation than no drainage (3.3% vs 14%, respectively; P = .03). Perioperative complication incidence was similar between cohorts (12.8% vs 21.4%, respectively; P = .37), and length of stay was unchanged regardless of drainage (median 7 days). Subfascial drainage conferred a nearly 2-fold relative risk reduction in inpatient rehabilitation requirement (RR 0.55) and 3-fold relative risk reduction in 30-day (RR 0.31) and 90-day readmission (RR 0.36). Factors associated with reoperation among drained patients included drainage longer than 7 days, tobacco use, age younger than 50 years, and longer segment operations. Revision spine surgery was associated with reoperation among undrained patients. CONCLUSION When followed after durotomy, our subfascial epidural drainage protocol results in fewer reoperations than in an undrained cohort without prohibitive cost and no added morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wilson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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30
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Sadeh M, Farhat H. Severe High Cervical Cord Compression Due to Large Bilateral Neurofibromas in a Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus 2022; 14:e27211. [PMID: 36035059 PMCID: PMC9398895 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal neurofibromas are rare benign lesions associated with neurofibromatosis Type 1. They can often cause compression on nerve roots and the spinal cord. In this rare case, there are bilateral large neurofibromas with severe cord compression presenting as progressive myelopathy. We illustrate the surgical management as well as post-operative care along with a detailed literature review of similar cases. To our knowledge, this is the first report, in English literature, of spinal neurofibroma with large size, bilateral high cervical cord compression.
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Jesse CM, Schermann H, Goldberg J, Gallus M, Häni L, Raabe A, Schär RT. Risk Factors for Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage After Intradural Spine Surgery. World Neurosurg 2022; 164:e1190-e1199. [PMID: 35659588 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Well-defined risk factors for cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) after intradural spine surgery are scarce in the literature. The aim of the present study was to identify patient- and surgery-related risk factors and the incidence of CSFL. METHODS For the present retrospective cohort study, we identified consecutive patients who had undergone intradural spine surgery between 2009 and 2021 at our department. The primary endpoint was the incidence of clinically or radiologically proven CSFL. The effects of the clinical and surgical factors on the occurrence of CSFL were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 375 patients (60.3% women; mean age, 54 ± 16.5 years) were included. Of the 375 patients, 30 (8%) had experienced postoperative CSFL and, thus, a significantly greater risk of wound healing disorders (odds ratio [OR], 24.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.3-66.7) and surgical site infections (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 2.6-27.7; P < 0.01 for each). No patient-related factors were associated with the development of CSFL. Previous surgery at the index level correlated significantly with the occurrence of postoperative CSFL (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.1-6.8; P = 0.03) on multivariate analysis. Furthermore, patients with intradural tumors tended to have a greater risk of CSFL (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.9-5.8; P = 0.07). Surgery-related factors did not influence the occurrence of CSFL. Surgery on the thoracic spine had resulted in a significantly lower postoperative CSFL rate compared with surgery on the cervical or lumbar spine (OR, -2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-4.9; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our study found no modifiable risk factors for preventing CSFL after intradural spine surgery. Patients with previous surgery at the index level had a greater risk of CSFL. The occurrence of CSFL resulted in significantly more wound healing disorders and surgical site infections, necessitating further therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Marvin Jesse
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Helena Schermann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Goldberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Gallus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Levin Häni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Raabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralph T Schär
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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32
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Cohen PR, Dorros SM. Lumbar Stenosis Spinal Surgery-Associated Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Without Headache: An Autobiographical Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e25253. [PMID: 35755552 PMCID: PMC9217665 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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33
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Zeng W, Jiang H, He S, Zhang Y, Yu B, Wang H, Wang C. Comparison of Neuroendoscopic and Microscopic Surgery for Unilateral Hemilaminectomy: Experience of a Single Institution. Front Surg 2022; 9:823770. [PMID: 35425804 PMCID: PMC9002179 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.823770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to compare the safety and efficacy of unilateral hemilaminectomy conducted under complete neuroendoscopic visualization (UHNV) relative to unilateral hemilaminectomy under total microscopic visualization (UHMV) for the treatment of patients diagnosed with intraspinal tumors. Methods In total, 41 patients undergoing intraspinal tumor resection at Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital were included in this study, including 20 and 21 patients in the UHNV and UHMV groups, respectively. Intraoperative parameters including incision length, operative duration, number of vertebral laminae removed and intraoperative blood loss, as well as indicators of curative efficacy such as total tumor resection rates and postoperative symptom improvement rates, and safety indicators including complication rates, recurrence rates, spinal deformity rates, spinal instability incidence, and length of stay (LOS), were compared between the two groups. Results In contrast to the UHMV group, patients in the UHNV group had a significantly shorter incision length and decreased intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.05), while the operative duration (P > 0.05) showed no statistical difference. Although the postoperative improvement and total tumor resection rates were enhanced, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In comparison, the bedridden time and length of stay (LOS) were significantly shortened (P < 0.05) in the UHNV group. However, there were no significant differences in recurrence, incidence of complications, spinal deformity, and spinal instability (P > 0.05). Conclusion Collectively, our findings indicate that UHNV is not inferior to the UHMV approach. Moreover, due to its safe and minimally invasive nature, UHNV represents a promising alternative to UHMV as a treatment for patients with intradural extramedullary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haixiao Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cunzu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Cunzu Wang
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Al-Saadi T, Al-Kindi Y, Allawati M, Al-Saadi H. Intracranial Hemorrhage following Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review of a Rare Complication. Surg J (N Y) 2022; 8:e98-e107. [PMID: 35252567 PMCID: PMC8894081 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a potentially severe complication of spinal surgeries. The occurrence of such complications causes deterioration of the patient's clinical status and delayed discharge from the hospital. Although no specific etiological factors were identified for this complication, but multiple risk factors might play role in its development, they include the use of anticoagulants, presence of uncontrolled hypertension, and perioperative patient positioning.
Aim
A systematic review of the literature to investigate the prevalence of different types of intracranial hemorrhages in patients who underwent spinal surgeries.
Methods
A literature review was conducted using multiple research databases. Data were extracted using multiple variables that were formulated incongruent with the study aim and then further analyzed.
Results
A total of 79 studies were included in our analysis after applying the exclusion criteria and removing of repeated studies, 109 patients were identified where they were diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage after spine surgery with a mean age of 54 years. The most common type of hemorrhage was cerebellar hemorrhage (56.0%) followed by SDH and intraparenchymal hemorrhage; 23.9 and 17.4%, respectively. The most common spine surgery was laminectomy (70.6%), followed by fixation and fusion (50.5%), excision of spinal lesions was done in 20.2% of the patient, and discectomy (14.7%).
Conclusion
The data in this study showed that out of 112 patients with ICH, cerebellar hemorrhage was the most common type. ICH post–spine surgery is a rare complication and the real etiologies behind this complication are still unknown, cerebrospinal fluid drain and durotomy were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Al-Saadi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital- McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Neurosurgery Department, Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Yahya Al-Kindi
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Moosa Allawati
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hatem Al-Saadi
- Department of General Surgery, Sohar Hospital, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman
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Feler J, Sun F, Bajaj A, Hagan M, Kanekar S, Sullivan PLZ, Fridley JS, Gokaslan ZL. Complication Avoidance in Surgical Management of Vertebral Column Tumors. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:1442-1454. [PMID: 35323321 PMCID: PMC8947448 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The surgical management of spinal tumors has grown increasingly complex as treatment algorithms for both primary bone tumors of the spine and metastatic spinal disease have evolved in response to novel surgical techniques, rising complication rates, and additional data concerning adjunct therapies. In this review, we discuss actionable interventions for improved patient safety in the operative care for spinal tumors. Strategies for complication avoidance in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings are discussed for approach-related morbidities, intraoperative hemorrhage, wound healing complications, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, thromboembolism, and failure of instrumentation and fusion. These strategies center on themes such as pre-operative imaging review and medical optimization, surgical dissection informed by meticulous attention to anatomic boundaries, and fastidious wound closure followed by thorough post-operative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Feler
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Felicia Sun
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Ankush Bajaj
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
| | - Matthew Hagan
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
| | - Samika Kanekar
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
| | - Patricia Leigh Zadnik Sullivan
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jared S. Fridley
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Ziya L. Gokaslan
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (J.F.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.K.); (P.L.Z.S.); (J.S.F.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kanno H, Aizawa T, Hashimoto K, Itoi E, Ozawa H. Anterior decompression through a posterior approach for thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a novel concept in anterior decompression and technical notes with the preliminary outcomes. J Neurosurg Spine 2022; 36:276-286. [PMID: 34560660 DOI: 10.3171/2021.4.spine213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various surgical procedures are used to manage thoracic myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). However, the outcomes of surgery for thoracic OPLL are generally unfavorable in comparison to surgery for cervical OPLL. Previous studies have shown a significant risk of perioperative complications in surgery for thoracic OPLL. Thus, a safe and secure surgical method to ensure better neurological recovery with less perioperative complications is needed. The authors report a novel concept of anterior decompression through a posterior approach aimed at anterior shift of the OPLL during surgery rather than extirpation or size reduction of the OPLL. This surgical technique can securely achieve anterior shift of the OPLL using a curved drill, threadwire saw, and curved rongeur. The preliminary outcomes were investigated to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this technique. METHODS This study included 10 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for thoracic OPLL. Surgical outcomes, including the ambulatory status, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and perioperative complications, were investigated retrospectively. In this surgery, pedicle screws are introduced at least three levels above and below the corresponding levels. The laminae, facet joints, transverse processes, and pedicles are then removed bilaterally at levels wherein subsequent anterior decompression is performed. For anterior decompression, the OPLL and posterior portion of the vertebral bodies are partially resected using a high-speed drill with a curved burr, enabling the removal of osseous tissues just ventral to the spinal cord without retracting the dural sac. To securely shift the OPLL anteriorly, the intact PLL and posterior portion of the vertebral bodies cranial and caudal to the lesion are completely resected using a threadwire saw and/or curved rongeur. Rods are connected to the screws, and bone grafting is performed for posterolateral fusion. RESULTS Five patients were nonambulatory before surgery, but all were able to walk at the final follow-up. The average JOA score before surgery and at the final follow-up was 3.2 and 8.8 points, respectively. Notably, the mean recovery rate of JOA score was 72%. Furthermore, no patients showed neurological deterioration postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS The surgical technique is a useful alternative for safely achieving sufficient anterior decompression through a posterior approach and may consequently reduce the risk of postoperative neurological deterioration and improve surgical outcomes in patients with thoracic OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Kanno
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine; and
- 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshimi Aizawa
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine; and
| | - Ko Hashimoto
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine; and
| | - Eiji Itoi
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine; and
| | - Hiroshi Ozawa
- 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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Soon WC, Fisher B, Chowdhury YA, Hodson J, Fashola E, Egbuji O, Leung A, Czyz M, Furtado N, Dhir J. Factors Influencing Surgical Outcomes for Intradural Spinal Tumours: A Single-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e21815. [PMID: 35261834 PMCID: PMC8893976 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intradural spinal tumours are relatively uncommon tumours of the central nervous system. In this study, we sought to assess our current practice and determine the factors which affect the surgical outcomes of intradural spinal tumour resection. Methods All consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection of intradural spinal tumours from December 2011 to November 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The Modified McCormick Scale (MMS) was used to grade patients’ neurological status both pre-operatively and at the latest follow-up. The associations between changes in MMS and variables such as patient demographics, tumour location, number and experience of consultants involved in the procedure, use of intraoperative neuro-monitoring, bony spinal exposure and dural closure methods were assessed. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was performed to identify independent predictors of improvements in MMS. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 22 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY), with p<0.05 deemed to be indicative of statistical significance throughout. Results A total of 145 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a median age of 56.5 years; of whom 119 had extramedullary tumours and 26 had intramedullary tumours. Methods of dural closure were variable, and there was an increasing trend over time towards using the laminoplasty approach for bony exposure. Neither the experience of consultants (p=0.991) nor the number of consultants involved (p=0.084) was found to be significantly associated with the change in MMS, with the strongest predictor being the baseline MMS (p<0.001). Patients who had adjuvant therapy were also significantly more likely to have a poorer neurological outcome (p=0.001). Conclusion A good neurological baseline is a significant positive predictor of an improved functional outcome. The number and seniority of consultant surgeons involved in intradural spinal tumour resections did not significantly alter the postoperative outcomes of patients in our single-unit retrospective study.
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Chang CY, Hung CC, Liu JM, Chiu CD. Tension pneumocephalus following endoscopic resection of a mediastinal thoracic spinal tumor: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:725-732. [PMID: 35097100 PMCID: PMC8771397 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i2.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumocephalus is a rare complication presenting in the postoperative period of a thoracoscopic operation. We report a case in which tension pneumocephalus occurred after thoracoscopic resection as well as the subsequent approach of surgical management. CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old man who received thoracoscopic resection to remove an intrathoracic, posterior mediastinal, dumbbell-shaped, pathology-proven neurogenic tumor. The patient then reported experiencing progressively severe headaches, especially when in an upright position. A brain computed tomography scan at a local hospital disclosed extensive pneumocephalus. Revision surgery for resection of the pseudomeningocele and repair of the cerebrospinal fluid leakage was thus arranged for the patient. During the operation, we traced the cerebrospinal fluid leakage and found that it might have derived from incomplete endoscopic clipping around the tumor stump near the dural sac at the T3 level. After that, we wrapped and sealed all the possible origins of the leakage with autologous fat, tissue glue, gelfoam, and duraseal layer by layer. The patient recovered well, and the computed tomography images showed resolution of the pneumocephalus. CONCLUSION This report and literature review indicated that the risk of developing a tension pneumocephalus cannot be ignored and should be monitored carefully after thoracoscopic tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Che Hung
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Mien Liu
- Department of Pathology, Puli Christian Hospital, Nantou 54041, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Di Chiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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Corell A, Cerbach C, Hoefling N, Björkman-Burtscher IM, Jakola AS. Spinal cord compression in relation to clinical symptoms in patients with spinal meningiomas. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 211:107018. [PMID: 34808478 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.107018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinal meningiomas are common primary tumors of the spinal canal and the resulting spinal cord compression (SCC) is intrinsically related to symptoms and outcome, but literature concerning this association is limited. We aimed to present data on both degree of SCC and tumor occupancy percentage in relation to neurological symptoms and outcome. METHODS Patients ≥ 18 years with a histological diagnosis of spinal canal meningioma treated between 2000 and 2017 were retrospectively evaluated for symptoms and neurological outcome in relation to SCC (i.e. compression of spinal cord at maximal tumor compression compared to maximum area above/below compression) and tumor occupancy percentage (percentage of dural sac area occupied by tumor at maximal tumor compression). Area segmentation of spinal cord, tumor and dural sac (as marker of spinal canal) was performed manually on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The neurological deficit was assessed pre- and postoperatively according to the McCormick score. A logistic regression was made with a training set to identify the cut-off level for motor deficit. RESULTS The cohort included 111 patients with a mean age of 62.5 years and 77.5% were female. The dominating symptoms preoperatively were sensory disturbance (91.0%), motor deficit (80.2%) and gait disturbance (67.6%). Postoperatively 53.2% of patients, also in some of those with severe deficit and high tumor occupancy, improved their neurological deficit and 43.2% were unchanged. Patients with intradural meningioma and assessable MRI scans were included to evaluate SCC (n = 83). The mean extent of SCC was 50.6%. Exploration of tumor occupancy percentage identified a cut-off at 65% tumor occupancy to best discriminate between patients with or without motor deficit. CONCLUSION Patients with an intradural tumor occupancy percentage of > 65% are more likely to have a preoperative symptom and deficit, validating previous findings. Therefore, we suggest that even in asymptomatic, otherwise fit, patients with tumor occupancy approaching 65% should be considered for surgery since there is a high risk of developing deficit with even minimal growth. Concerning recovery, patients with tumor both high tumor occupancy and significantly impaired function tended to improve their functional level postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Corell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Nickoleta Hoefling
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isabella M Björkman-Burtscher
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Asgeir Store Jakola
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurosurgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Marchesini N, Tommasi N, Faccioli F, Pinna G, Sala F. Cauda equina ependymomas: surgical treatment and long-term outcomes in a series of 125 patients. J Neurosurg Spine 2021:1-12. [PMID: 34653993 DOI: 10.3171/2021.5.spine202049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cauda equina ependymoma (CEE) is a rare tumor for which little information is available on the oncological and clinical outcomes of patients. In this study the authors aimed to address functional, oncological, and quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes in a large series of consecutive patients operated on at their institution during the past 20 years. METHODS The records of 125 patients who underwent surgery between January 1998 and September 2018 were reviewed. Analyzed variables included demographic, clinical, radiological, surgical, and histopathological features. Neurological outcomes were graded according to the McCormick and Kesselring scales. The QOL at follow-up was evaluated by administering the EQ-5DL questionnaire. RESULTS On admission, 84% of patients had a McCormick grade of I and 76.8% had a Kesselring score of 0. At follow-up (clinical 8.13 years; radiological 5.87 years) most scores were unchanged. Sacral level involvement (p = 0.029) and tumor size (p = 0.002) were predictors of poor functional outcome at discharge. Tumor size (p = 0.019) and repeated surgery (p < 0.001) were predictors of poor outcome. A preoperative McCormick grade ≥ III and Kesselring grade ≥ 2 were associated with worse outcomes (p = 0.035 and p = 0.002, respectively). Myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) was more frequent than grade II ependymoma (EII). The overall rate of gross-total resection (GTR) was 91.2% and rates were significantly higher for patients with EII (98%) than for those with MPE (84%) (p = 0.0074). On multivariate analysis, the only factor associated with GTR was the presence of a capsule (p = 0.011). Seventeen patients (13.7%) had recurrences (13 MPE, 4 EII; 76.4% vs 23.6%; p = 0.032). The extent of resection was the only factor associated with recurrence (p = 0.0023) and number of surgeries (p = 0.006). Differences in progression-free survival (PFS) were seen depending on the extent of resection at first operation (p < 0.001), subarachnoid seeding (p = 0.041), piecemeal resection (p = 0.004), and number of spine levels involved (3 [p = 0.016], 4 [p = 0.011], or ≥ 5 [p = 0.013]). At follow-up a higher proportion of EII than MPE patients were disease free (94.7% vs 77.7%; p = 0.007). The QOL results were inferior in almost all areas compared to a control group of subjects from the Italian general population. A McCormick grade ≥ 3 and repeated surgeries were associated with a worse QOL (p = 0.006 and p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS An early diagnosis of CEE is important because larger tumors are associated with recurrences and worse functional neurological outcomes. Surgery should be performed with the aim of achieving an en bloc GTR. The histological subtype was not directly associated with recurrences, but some of the features more commonly encountered in MPEs were. The outcomes are in most cases favorable, but the mean QOL perception is inferior to that of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Marchesini
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Borgo Trento, Verona, Italy; and
| | - Nicola Tommasi
- 2Centro interdipartimentale di documentazione economica, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Franco Faccioli
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Borgo Trento, Verona, Italy; and
| | - Giampietro Pinna
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Borgo Trento, Verona, Italy; and
| | - Francesco Sala
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Borgo Trento, Verona, Italy; and
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Zhu T, Wang H, Jing Z, Fan D, Liu Z, Wang X, Tian Y. High efficacy of tetra-PEG hydrogel sealants for sutureless dural closure. Bioact Mater 2021; 8:12-19. [PMID: 34541383 PMCID: PMC8424082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in meticulous dural closure technique remain a great challenge for watertight dural closure in the aged society, because the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage after spinal surgery is often accompanied with the disgusting wound infection, meningitis and pseudomeningocele. Here, a tetra-poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel sealant is developed with collective advantages of facile operation, high safety, quick set time, easy injectability, favorable mechanical strength and powerful tissue adhesion for effective sutureless dural closure during the surgery procedure. Impressively, this tetra-PEG sealant can instantaneously adhere to the irregular tissue surfaces even in a liquid environment, and effectively prevent or block off the intraoperative CSF leakage for sutureless dural closure and dura regeneration. Together, this sutureless tetra-PEG adhesive can be utilized as a very promising alternative for high-efficient watertight dural closure of the clinical patients who incidentally or deliberately undergo the durotomy during the spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengjiao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hufei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zehao Jing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Daoyang Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
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Lee S, Cho DC, Kim KT, Lee YS, Rhim SC, Park JH. Reliability of Early Ambulation after Intradural Spine Surgery : Risk Factors and a Preventive Method for Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Related Complications. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2021; 64:799-807. [PMID: 34425635 PMCID: PMC8435651 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2020.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cerebrospinal fluid leakage related complications (CLC) occasionally occur after intradural spinal surgery. We sought to investigate the effectiveness of early ambulation after intradural spinal surgery and analyze the risk factors for CLC.
Methods For this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 314 patients who underwent intradural spinal surgery at a single institution. The early group contained 79 patients who started ambulation after 1 day of bedrest without position restrictions, while the late group consisted of 235 patients who started ambulation after at least 3 days of bed rest and were limited to the prone position after surgery. In the early group, Prolene 6–0 was used as the dura suture material, while black silk 5–0 was used as the dura suture material in the late group.
Results The overall incidence rate of CLC was 10.8%. Significant differences between the early and late groups were identified in the rate of CLC (2.5% vs. 13.6%), surgical repair required (1.3% vs. 7.7%), and length of hospital stay (2.99 vs. 9.29 days) (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that CLC was associated with practices specific to the late group (p=0.011) and the revision surgery (p=0.022).
Conclusion Using Prolene 6–0 as a dura suture material for intradural spinal surgery resulted in lower CLC rates compared to black silk 5–0 sutures despite a shorter bed rest period. Our findings revealed that suture - needle ratio related to dura defect was the most critical factor for CLC. One-day ambulation after primary dura closure using Prolene 6–0 sutures appears to be a cost-effective and safe strategy for intradural spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subum Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dae-Chul Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young-Seok Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Chul Rhim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hoon Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Han HJ, Jeong JH, Kim JW, Seung WB. Postoperative Thecal Sac Compression Induced by Hydrogel Dural Sealant after Spinal Schwannoma Removal. Korean J Neurotrauma 2020; 16:99-104. [PMID: 32395458 PMCID: PMC7192801 DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2020.16.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a common complication of spinal and cranial surgery, and patients undergoing spinal tumor surgery are probably particularly predisposed due to the presence of an intradural tumor and many other factors. Furthermore, a meticulous dural closure technique does not always result in watertight closure. A number of adjunctive methods have been used to assist with dural closure. Synthetic, absorbable polyethylene glycol hydrogel dural sealants are widely used and have been approved for use as adjuncts for cranial applications requiring sutured dural closure. We report a case of thecal sac compression by DuraSeal® Dural Sealant used to repair the CSF leak after intentional durotomy during lumbar schwannoma extirpation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Joon Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Ju Ho Jeong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Won Bae Seung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
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Mammadkhanli O, Elbir C, Hanalioglu S, Canbay S. Subfascial drainage and clipping technique for treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leak following spinal surgery. NEUROSCIENCES (RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA) 2020; 25:50-54. [PMID: 31982895 PMCID: PMC8015620 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2020.1.20190048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the treatment of iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that develops after degenerative lumbar spinal surgery with a subfascial drainage and clipping (SDC) technique. METHODS This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 46 patients who developed iatrogenic CSF leak after surgery for lumbar degenerative spine disease from 2007 to 2019. Twenty-five patients were treated with the SDC procedure (SDC group), whereas 21 were not (control group). Outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS CSF leakage ceased within 6-9 days (average 7.4+/-1) after the procedure in the SDC group. In the control group, CSF leakage was controlled with conservative measures in 14 patients, and in 7 patients, lumbar external drainage was performed. Among these 7, the CSF leak was controlled by lumbar external drainage in 3, and 4 required reoperation to repair the dural defect. No infection occurred in either group. Length of hospital stay was also shorter in SDC group (8.4+/-1 vs 10.0+/-1.3 days, p less than 0.001). CONCLUSION The SDC technique is effective for the treatment of iatrogenic CSF leak that develops after degenerative lumbar spinal surgery.
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