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Yuan S, Lu Z, Tan S, Zhang Z, Jing S, Liu H, Zhou Z, Bao D. Comparison of six-week flywheel and traditional resistance training on deceleration and dynamic balance in elite badminton players. Front Physiol 2025; 16:1491661. [PMID: 40070459 PMCID: PMC11893587 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1491661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to compare the effects of flywheel resistance training (FRT) and traditional resistance training (TRT) on deceleration and dynamic balance performance in elite badminton players. Methods Seventeen elite male badminton players (age: 21.36 ± 2.10 years) volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to either a flywheel resistance training group (FT: n = 8) or a traditional resistance training group (RT: n = 9). The FT group performed flywheel resistance training twice a week for 6 weeks, while the RT group participated in traditional resistance training for the same period. Deceleration and dynamic balance performance were assessed at baseline and following the intervention using the dynamic posture stability index (DPSI) test, 5-0-5 change of direction (COD) test, deceleration deficit (DD) test, and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) test. Results and Discussion Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant time × group interaction for DPSI of both legs and peak force in the IMTP test (p < 0.05, partial η 2 = 0.42-0.79), with better post-test performance compared to pre-test result in the FT group (ES = 0.30-2.10), and the improvements were higher than that of the RT group. No significant differences were observed in the DD test and COD test between FT and RT groups (p > 0.05); however, the magnitude of improvement in DD for the FT group (ES = 0.99) was greater than that of the RT group (ES = 0.52). This pilot study demonstrates that, compared to traditional resistance training, flywheel resistance training enhances deceleration performance and improves dynamic balance in elite badminton players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurui Yuan
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zepeng Lu
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwen Tan
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Jing
- China Football College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyang Liu
- School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhou
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Dapeng Bao
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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2
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Gao J, Fu X, Xu H, Guo Q, Wang X. The effect of instability resistance training on balance ability among athletes: a systematic review. Front Physiol 2025; 15:1434918. [PMID: 39839523 PMCID: PMC11746901 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1434918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Instability resistance training (IRT) has been the focus of extensive research because of its proven benefits to balance ability, core stability, and sports performance for athletes. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews explicitly evaluating IRT's impact on athletes' balance ability. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of the effects of IRT on balance ability among athletes. Method This study used guidelines for the systematic review and meta-analysis of PRISMA, Web of Science, EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus), PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to collect original references in electronic databases. The PICOS method was selected for the inclusion criteria. The physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the scoring for articles' risk range of bias. The scoring of 20 studies ranges from 4-8, and study quality is moderate to high. Results Out of 285 identified studies, only 20 articles fulfilled all the eligibility criteria after screening. IRT could significantly improve reciprocal, static, and dynamic balance ability among judo athletes, basketball players, weightlifters, archery athletes, soccer players, rhythmic gymnasts, badminton players, track and field athletes, handball players, volleyball players, and gymnasts using unstable surfaces or environments (i.e., BOSU, Swiss, Wobble boards, Suspension trainer, Sissel pillows, Inflated disc and foam surface, Airex balance pad, Togu power ball, Thera-Band, Elastic band strap, Sand surface and so on). Conclusion The finding suggests that different types of IRT benefit athletes as this training method can effectively enhance reciprocal, static, and dynamic balance ability in athletes. Therefore, this review suggests that IRT should be considered in athletes' daily training routines for the physical fitness of reciprocal, static, and dynamic balance ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Gao
- College of Physical Culture, Jiangxi Teachers College, Yingtan, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinxin Fu
- College of Physical Culture, Jiangxi Teachers College, Yingtan, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hang Xu
- College of Physical Culture, Jiangxi Teachers College, Yingtan, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Sport Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Sport Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Tang F, Xiang M, Yin S, Li X, Gao P. Meta-analysis of the dosage of balance training on ankle function and dynamic balance ability in patients with chronic ankle instability. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:689. [PMID: 39217316 PMCID: PMC11365157 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore and compare the dosage of balance training on ankle function and dynamic balance ability in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, and Cochrane databases were searched up to December 2023. Quality assessment was carried out using the risk-of-bias guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration, and the standardized mean differences (SMD) or mean differences (MD) for each outcome were compute. RESULTS Among 20 eligible studies, including 682 participants were analyzed in this meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that balance training was effective in enhancing ankle function with self-functional scores (SMD = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.43; p < 0.00001; I2 = 72%) and variables associated with the ability of dynamic balance such as SEBT-A (MD = 5.88; 95% CI, 3.37 to 8.40; p < 0.00001; I2 = 84%), SEBT-PM (MD = 5.47; 95% CI, 3.40 to 7.54; p < 0.00001; I2 = 61%), and SEBT-PL (MD = 6.04; 95% CI, 3.30 to 8.79; p < 0.0001; I2 = 79%) of CAI patients. Meta-regression indicated that the intervention time might be the principal cause of heterogeneity (p = 0.046) in self-functional scores. In subgroup analyses of self-functional score across intervention types, among the intervention time, more than 20 min and less than 30 min had the most favorable effect (MD = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.46, p < 0.00001, I2 = 55%); among the intervention period, 4 weeks (MD = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.19, p < 0.00001, I2 = 78%) and 6 weeks (MD = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.51, p < 0.00001, I2 = 71%) had significant effects; among the intervention frequency, 3 times (MD = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.38), p < 0.00001, I2 = 57%) had significant effects. Secondly, in subgroup analyses of SEBT across intervention types, a 4-week and 6-week intervention with balance training 3 times a week for 20-30 min is the optimal combination of interventions to improve SEBT (dynamic balance) in patients with chronic ankle instability. CONCLUSION Balance training proves beneficial for ankle function in patients with CAI. Intervention time constitutes a major factor influencing self-function in patients with CAI. It is recommended that the optimal dosage of balance training for CAI involves intervention three times a week, lasting for 20 to 30 min over a period of 4 to 6 weeks for superior rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- College of Physical Education, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Meng Xiang
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Department of Public Athletics, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Physical Education, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Pincao Gao
- College of Physical Education, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China.
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.
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Fayazmilani R, Abbasi A, Hovanloo F, Rostami S. The effect of TRX and bodyweight training on physical fitness and body composition in prepubescent soccer athletes. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liao T, Duhig SJ, Du G, Luo B, Wang YT. The Effect of a Functional Strength Training Intervention on Movement Quality and Physical Fitness in Adolescents. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 129:176-194. [PMID: 34784820 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211056865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study compared a 12 week Functional Strength Training (FST) program on functional movement and physical performance to typical physical education (PE) classes for middle school (MS) and high school (HS) students. We randomly assigned 266 participants (M age = 14.35, SD = 0.57 years; M height = 164.82, SD = 6.13 cm; M mass = 55.09, SD = 12.19 kg; M BMI = 20.11, SD = 3.54 kg/m2) into an FST or control group. The FST group trained in flexibility and stability, functional movement patterns, and health-related functional strength. The control group continued regular physical education (PE) classes. Each group trained three-times/week in 45 minute sessions for 12 weeks. Outcome measures included the Functional Movement Screen protocol and seven physical performance tests, assessed every four weeks over a 12 week period. We employed a mixed model ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests to examine differences between and within groups. Compared to the control group, the FST group significantly (p < 0.01) improved Functional Movement Screen total scores (25.7%), curl-ups (70.4%), pull-ups (281.6%), and flexibility (83.6%). We suggest including the FST program in the MS and HS PE curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liao
- School of Sports Training, 105807Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Steven J Duhig
- School of Allied Health Sciences, 5723Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Gold Coast Orthopaedic Research and Education Alliance (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geng Du
- School of Sports Training, 105807Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingting Luo
- School of Sports Training, 105807Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Tai Wang
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, 6925Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
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Huang DD, Chen LH, Yu Z, Chen QJ, Lai JN, Li HH, Liu G. Effect of suspension training on neuromuscular function, postural control, and knee kinematics in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:2247-2258. [PMID: 33869600 PMCID: PMC8026838 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i10.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suspension training (SET) is a method of neuromuscular training that enables the body to carry out active training under unstable support through a suspension therapy system. However, there have been few reports in the literature on the application of SET to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients. It is not clear what aspects of the patient's function are improved after SET.
AIM To investigate the effect of SET on the neuromuscular function, postural control, and knee kinematics of patients after ACLR surgery.
METHODS Forty participants were randomized to an SET group or a control group. The SET group subjects participated in a SET protocol over 6 wk. The control group subjects participated in a traditional training protocol over 6 wk. Isokinetic muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings, static and dynamic posture stability test, and relative translation of the injured knee were assessed before and after training.
RESULTS The relative peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstrings in both groups increased significantly (P < 0.001), and the SET group increased by a higher percentage than those in the control group (quadriceps: P = 0.004; hamstrings: P = 0.011). After training, both groups showed significant improvements in static and dynamic posture stability (P < 0.01), and the SET group had a greater change than the control group (P < 0.05). No significant improvement on the relative translation of the injured knee was observed after training in either group (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION Our findings show that SET promotes great responses in quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and balance function in ACLR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang-Hua Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhe Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Quan-Jun Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie-Nuan Lai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Hong Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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Wang H, Yu H, Kim YH, Kan W. Comparison of the Effect of Resistance and Balance Training on Isokinetic Eversion Strength, Dynamic Balance, Hop Test, and Ankle Score in Ankle Sprain. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040307. [PMID: 33916136 PMCID: PMC8065734 DOI: 10.3390/life11040307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankle sprain is a commonly recurring sports injury. This study aimed to compare the rehabilitation effects of resistance and balance training programs in patients with recurrent ankle sprain. Patients with recurrent lateral ankle sprain completed a home-based rehabilitation program comprising resistance training (RT; n = 27) or balance training (BT; n = 27). RT consisted of exercises using elastic tube bands, and BT consisted mainly of exercises performed using a variety of balance tools. Exercises were performed for 6 weeks, twice a day for 20 min, 5 days per week. Isokinetic eversion strength, Y-Balance test and hop tests, and foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS) were evaluated. Both RT and BT significantly improved strength and dynamic balance (p < 0.05). Compared to RT, BT also significantly improved the outcome of the crossover hop test (p = 0.008). The changes reflected group and time in pain (p = 0.022), sports (p = 0.027), and quality of life (p = 0.033) of FAOS were significantly greater in BT than RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Wang
- School of Physical Education, Luoyang Normal College, Yibin District, Luoyang City 471934, China;
| | - Hailong Yu
- Department of Athletic Sports, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Gangneung–Wonju National University, Gangwon 25457, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.H.K.); (W.K.); Tel.: +82-33-640-2557 (Y.H.K.); +86-13-9301-00387 (W.K.); Fax: +82-33-641-3659 (Y.H.K.); +86-931-891-2129 (W.K.)
| | - Wencong Kan
- Sports Teaching and Research Department, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.K.); (W.K.); Tel.: +82-33-640-2557 (Y.H.K.); +86-13-9301-00387 (W.K.); Fax: +82-33-641-3659 (Y.H.K.); +86-931-891-2129 (W.K.)
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8
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Acute effects of different balance exercise types on selected measures of physical fitness in youth female volleyball players. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:29. [PMID: 33743814 PMCID: PMC7981889 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier studies have shown that balance training (BT) has the potential to induce performance enhancements in selected components of physical fitness (i.e., balance, muscle strength, power, speed). While there is ample evidence on the long-term effects of BT on components of physical fitness in youth, less is known on the short-term or acute effects of single BT sessions on selected measures of physical fitness. OBJECTIVE To examine the acute effects of different balance exercise types on balance, change-of-direction (CoD) speed, and jump performance in youth female volleyball players. METHODS Eleven female players aged 14 years participated in this study. Three types of balance exercises (i.e., anterior, posterolateral, rotational type) were conducted in randomized order. For each exercise, 3 sets including 5 repetitions were performed. Before and after the performance of the balance exercises, participants were tested for their static balance (center of pressure surface area [CoP SA] and velocity [CoP V]) on foam and firm surfaces, CoD speed (T-Half test), and vertical jump height (countermovement jump [CMJ] height). A 3 (condition: anterior, mediolateral, rotational balance exercise type) × 2 (time: pre, post) analysis of variance was computed with repeated measures on time. RESULTS Findings showed no significant condition × time interactions for all outcome measures (p > 0.05). However, there were small main effects of time for CoP SA on firm and foam surfaces (both d = 0.38; all p < 0.05) with no effect for CoP V on both surface conditions (p > 0.05). For CoD speed, findings showed a large main effect of time (d = 0.91; p < 0.001). However, for CMJ height, no main effect of time was observed (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicated small-to-large changes in balance and CoD speed performances but not in CMJ height in youth female volleyball players, regardless of the balance exercise type. Accordingly, it is recommended to regularly integrate balance exercises before the performance of sport-specific training to optimize performance development in youth female volleyball players. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study does not report results related to health care interventions using human participants and therefore it was not prospectively registered.
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9
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Gonçalves C, Bezerra P, Clemente FM, Vila-Chã C, Leão C, Brandão A, Cancela JM. Effects of bodyweight neuromuscular training with and without instability on balance control in active universitarians. Res Sports Med 2020; 30:128-144. [PMID: 33322936 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2020.1853544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of a nine-week unstable vs stable bodyweight neuromuscular training programme on balance control. Seventy-seven physically active universitarians were randomly distributed into an unstable training group (UTG), a stable training group (STG), and a control group (CG). The intervention was conducted three times a week for nine weeks. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included static balance control under an unstable surface (eyes open (EOFS), eyes closed (ECFS), challenging visual-vestibular system (CVVS)), assessed as centre-of-pressure fluctuations with a force plate. A mixed ANOVA was performed to test the within- and between-subjects factors. After the intervention, no significant differences were found between groups. All groups presented significant improvements in balance measurements in EOFS (p = 0.01), ECFS (p = 0.01; p = 0.02), and CVVS (p = 0.01) conditions. The training groups tended to have significantly better balance control (antero-posterior) than the CG on EOFS. In the CVVS condition, the UTG tended to have better balance control than the CG. There was no overall significant training advantage gained by using unstable or stable surfaces in terms of the improvement in static balance control in active universitarians. Both training groups exhibited similar training adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gonçalves
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo ,Campus A Xunqueira, Pontevedra, Spain.,Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Pedro Bezerra
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences & Human Development ,CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal.,Instituto de Telecomunicações ,Delegação da Covilhã, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina Vila-Chã
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences & Human Development ,CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, University of Vigo, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Cesar Leão
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - António Brandão
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Jose M Cancela
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo ,Campus A Xunqueira, Pontevedra, Spain
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10
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Ghigiarelli JJ, Fulop AM, Burke AA, Ferrara AJ, Sell KM, Gonzalez AM, Pelton LM, Zimmerman JA, Coke SG, Marshall DG. The Effects of Whole-Body Photobiomodulation Light-Bed Therapy on Creatine Kinase and Salivary Interleukin-6 in a Sample of Trained Males: A Randomized, Crossover Study. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:48. [PMID: 33345040 PMCID: PMC7739664 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) can be applied to the whole body as compared to the application of using single hand-held devices that isolate a smaller muscle area. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an acute dose of whole-body PBMT pre- and post-high-intensity resistance training on creatine kinase (CK) and salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a sample of trained males. Twelve males (31 ± 8.3 years, 177.2 ± 5.4 cm, and 86.0 ± 7.5 kg) were part of a randomized, counterbalanced, cross-over design, whereby each participant performed a high-intensity resistance training session that consisted of the bench press, chin-up, and repeated sprints on two separate occasions. Each participant was assigned to either the PBMT or control condition on two separate weeks, with a 10-days washout period between the weeks. Creatine kinase was measured at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. Salivary IL-6 was measured at baseline, 60, 90, and 120 min. A paired t-test showed no significant difference (p = 0.669) in the area under the curve (AUC) for CK during the PBMT (191.7 ± 48.3) and control conditions (200.2 ± 68.0). A Wilcoxon signed-rank test also showed no significant median difference (p = 0.155) in the AUC for salivary IL-6 during the PBMT (Mdn = 347.7) and control conditions (Mdn = 305.8). An additional Wilcoxon signed-rank test for CK percentage change from 24 to 72 h showed the PBMT condition (Mdn = −45%) to have a −18% median difference as compared to the control condition (Mdn = −41%). As such, whole-body PBMT does not significantly reduce the activity of salivary IL-6 or CK concentration during the 24 to 72-h recovery post-high-intensity resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Ghigiarelli
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Andras M Fulop
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States.,Crux Physical Therapy, Garden City, NY, United States
| | - Adam A Burke
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Anthony J Ferrara
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Katie M Sell
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Adam M Gonzalez
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Luke M Pelton
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Jamie A Zimmerman
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Shaquille G Coke
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
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11
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Fisher JP, Ravalli S, Carlson L, Bridgeman LA, Roggio F, Scuderi S, Maniaci M, Cortis C, Fusco A, Musumeci G. The " Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology" Journal Club Series: Utility and Advantages of the Eccentric Training through the Isoinertial System. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:E6. [PMID: 33467222 PMCID: PMC7739338 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We are glad to introduce the first Journal Club of volume five, the first issue. This edition is focused on relevant studies published in the last years in the field of eccentric training, chosen by our editorial board members and their colleagues. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for the sport, seen also from a scientific point of view. The editorial board members wish you an inspiring lecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Fisher
- School of Sport, Health and Social Science, Solent University, Southampton SO14 0YN, UK
| | - Silvia Ravalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Luke Carlson
- Discover Strength, 10160 6th Avenue North, Suite A, Plymouth, MN 55441, USA
| | - Lee A. Bridgeman
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Solent University, East Park Terrace, Southampton SO14 0YN, UK
| | - Federico Roggio
- Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Simone Scuderi
- Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Maniaci
- Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Cortis
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino e Lazio Meridionale, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Andrea Fusco
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino e Lazio Meridionale, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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12
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Angleri V, Soligon SD, da Silva DG, Bergamasco JGA, Libardi CA. Suspension Training: A New Approach to Improve Muscle Strength, Mass, and Functional Performances in Older Adults? Front Physiol 2020; 10:1576. [PMID: 31998143 PMCID: PMC6966604 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Angleri
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Samuel Domingos Soligon
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Deivid Gomes da Silva
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - João Guilherme Almeida Bergamasco
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Augusto Libardi
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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13
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Ignjatovic A, Radovanovic D, Kocić J. Effects of eight weeks of bench press and squat power training on stable and unstable surfaces on 1RM and peak power in different testing conditions. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-192138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jadranka Kocić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education Leposavic, University of Pristina, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
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14
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Aguilera-Castells J, Buscà B, Morales J, Solana-Tramunt M, Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A, Rey-Abella F, Bantulà J, Peña J. Muscle activity of Bulgarian squat. Effects of additional vibration, suspension and unstable surface. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221710. [PMID: 31449568 PMCID: PMC6709890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Practitioners of strength and conditioning are increasingly using vibration and unstable environments to enhance training effects. However, little evidence has been found comparing the use of suspension devices and vibratory platforms used in the Bulgarian squat. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the effect of suspension devices (TRX®), unstable surfaces (BOSU®), and vibration plates on muscle activity and force during the Bulgarian squat. Twenty physically active male students (age = 24.40 ± 3.63 years) performed a set of five repetitions of Bulgarian squats, suspended lunges, suspended lunges-BOSU, suspended lunges-Vibro30, and suspended lunges-Vibro40 (vibration 30 Hz or 40 Hz and 4 mm of amplitude). A randomized within-subject design was used to compare leg muscle activity, vertical ground reaction forces, and force exerted on the strap across the five exercises. Results showed no significant differences in muscle activity between the Bulgarian squat and suspended lunge (p = 0.109, d = 2.84). However, the suspended lunge significantly decreased muscle activation compared to the suspended lunge-BOSU (p = 0.012, d = 0.47), suspended lunge-Vibro30 (p = 0.001, d = 1.26), and suspended lunge-Vibro40 (p = 0.000, d = 1.51). Likewise, the Bulgarian squat achieved lower activity than the suspended lunge-Vibro40 (p = 0.010, d = 0.96). The force on the strap significantly decreased in the suspended lunge-BOSU compared to the suspended lunge-Vibro30 (p = 0.009, d = 0.56). The suspended lunge achieved higher front leg force production than the Bulgarian squat (p = 0.006, d = 0.48). In conclusion, leaning the rear leg on a suspension device does not provoke an increase in the activation of the front leg during the Bulgarian squat but increases the vertical ground reaction forces. Thus, the use of unstable surfaces or vibration plates for the front leg increased muscular activity when performing a suspended lunge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Aguilera-Castells
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Buscà
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Jose Morales
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Solana-Tramunt
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azahara Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Health Science Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rey-Abella
- School of Health Science Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Bantulà
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Peña
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Center (CEEAF), University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Silva-Batista C, Lira JLDO, David FJ, Corcos DM, Mattos ECT, Boari Coelho D, de Lima-Pardini AC, Torriani-Pasin C, de Freitas TB, Ugrinowitsch C. Short-term resistance training with instability reduces impairment in V wave and H reflex in individuals with Parkinson's disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:89-97. [PMID: 31306047 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00902.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study had two objectives: 1) to compare the effects of 3 wk of resistance training (RT) and resistance training with instability (RTI) on evoked reflex responses at rest and during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 2) to determine the effectiveness of RT and RTI in moving values of evoked reflex responses of individuals with PD toward values of age-matched healthy control subjects (HCs) (z-score analysis). Ten individuals in the RT group and 10 in the RTI group performed resistance exercises twice a week for 3 wk, but only the RTI group included unstable devices. The HC group (n = 10) were assessed at pretest only. Evoked reflex responses at rest (H reflex and M wave) and during MVIC [supramaximal M-wave amplitude (Msup) and supramaximal V-wave amplitude (Vsup)] of the plantar flexors were assessed before and after the experimental protocol. From pretraining to posttraining, only RTI increased ratio of maximal H-reflex amplitude to maximal M-wave amplitude at rest (Hmax/Mmax), Msup, Vsup/Msup, and peak torque of the plantar flexors (P < 0.05). At posttraining, RTI was more effective than RT in increasing resting Hmax and Vsup and in moving these values to those observed in HCs (P < 0.05). We conclude that short-term RTI is more effective than short-term RT in modulating H-reflex excitability and in increasing efferent neural drive, approaching average values of HCs. Thus short-term RTI may cause positive changes at the spinal and supraspinal levels in individuals with PD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maximal H-reflex amplitude (Hmax) at rest and efferent neural drive [i.e., supramaximal V-wave amplitude (Vsup)] to skeletal muscles during maximal contraction are impaired in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Short-term resistance training with instability was more effective than short-term resistance training alone in increasing Hmax and Vsup of individuals with Parkinson's disease, reaching the average values of healthy control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Silva-Batista
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,Laboratory of Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo at São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Fabian J David
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel M Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eugenia Casella Tavares Mattos
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Daniel Boari Coelho
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience, Federal University of ABC , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Andrea C de Lima-Pardini
- Laboratory of Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo at São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience, Federal University of ABC , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Camila Torriani-Pasin
- Department of Pedagogy of the Human Body, Laboratory of Motor Behavior, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Tatiana Beline de Freitas
- Department of Pedagogy of the Human Body, Laboratory of Motor Behavior, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- Laboratory of Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo at São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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16
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Blasco JM, Tolsada C, Beltrán M, Momparler AM, Sanchiz-Benavente R, Hernández-Guillen D. Instability training, assessing the impact of level of difficulty on balance: A randomized clinical trial. Gait Posture 2019; 70:116-121. [PMID: 30849606 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most human movements are executed while in a state of postural instability. For this reason, instability training is a highly-specific method that is intended to improve balance and postural control. This research aimed to determine the effect of instability training on the balance of individuals with similar baseline abilities, who initiated training within different stability conditions. RESEARCH QUESTION Does the level of difficulty with which instability training is performed determine improvements in balance? METHOD A two-arm randomized trial was undertaken, for which 22 and 21 participants were included in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group performed balance training on unstable surfaces and the control group implemented the same training on stable ground. The primary outcome was the Y-Balance Test (YBT); the Emery test, Functional Reach test, and platform measures were the secondary outcomes. Confidence intervals were set at 95% and Cohen's f statistic was used to estimate effect size. RESULTS Dynamic balance, as measured by the YBT, showed significant Time improvements in both groups for right (p < 0.001, f = 0.53) and left (p = 0.005, f=0.33) limbs. Similar results were found in the Emery test and Functional Reach test. No statistical Group and Time*Group interactions were found. None of the proposals modified the center of pressure excursions. SIGNIFICANCE Instability training is a safe and effective approach to enhance balance. However, the findings deduced that the level of difficulty (instability) with which participants with similar abilities initiate the training is not a determining factor in the balance improvements achieved. It follows that instability training may be either used as an alternative or as an additional method to train for balance on a stable ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-María Blasco
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Calle Gascó Oliag nº5, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Group in Physiotherapy in the Ageing Processes, Valencia, Spain; IRIMED Joint Research Unit (IIS-La Fe-Universitat de Valencia), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Catalina Tolsada
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Calle Gascó Oliag nº5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Beltrán
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Calle Gascó Oliag nº5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba-Meritxell Momparler
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Calle Gascó Oliag nº5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchiz-Benavente
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Calle Gascó Oliag nº5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Hernández-Guillen
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Calle Gascó Oliag nº5, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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17
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The short- and long-term effects of resistance training with different stability requirements. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214302. [PMID: 30934001 PMCID: PMC6443166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the short- and long-term effects of resistance training (RT) with different stability requirements. Fifty-nine men underwent a 3-week familiarization period followed by a 7-week training period. During familiarization, all participants trained four sessions of squats with a Smith machine, free weights and free weights standing on a wobble board. After week-3, participants were randomized into a low (Smith machine), medium (Free-weight) or high (Wobble board) stability RT program, and Control group. All participants were tested pre-, after week-3 and post-intervention. Ten repetition maximum (10RM), rate of force development (RFD), electromyography (EMG) and maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) were tested in all three squat conditions in addition to countermovement jump (CMJ) on stable and unstable surfaces, and muscle thickness. After familiarization, greater 10RM loads (21.8–27.3%), MVIC (7.4–13.5%), RFD (29.7–43.8%) and CMJ (4.9–8.5%) were observed in all conditions. Between week 3 and 10, the Free-weight and Wobble board groups similarly improved 10RM in all conditions. Smith machine group demonstrated greater improvement in the trained exercise than the medium and high stability exercises. All training groups showed similar improvement in muscle thickness, RFD and MVIC. There was no CMJ improvement on the stable surface, but the Wobble board group demonstrated significantly greater improvement on the unstable surface. In conclusion, low, medium or high stability RT resulted in similar improvements in trained and non-trained testing conditions except for greater CMJ on the unstable surface in the Wobble group. Greater 10RM strength in trained than non-trained exercise was only observed in low stability group. Familiarization was associated with substantial improvements in 10RM and CMJ, with greater improvement associated with higher stability requirements. These findings suggest that high stability can increase strength, muscle thickness and explosive measurements similar to training with lower stability.
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18
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Padulo J, Bragazzi NL, De Giorgio A, Grgantov Z, Prato S, Ardigò LP. The Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Performance in an Italian Elementary School: Insights From a Pilot Study Using Structural Equation Modeling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:202. [PMID: 30890960 PMCID: PMC6412095 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
When compared to the previous generations, younger generations have become sedentary on a global level. Physical activity positively contributes to human growth and development, causing, indeed, both physiological and psychological benefits. The aim of the current study was examining the relationship between physical activity and school achievement in a sample of 80 Italian elementary (viz. primary) school last year responding children (11.0 ± 0.3 years, 1.46 ± 0.09 m, 39.5 ± 7.9 kg). Such an aim was fulfilled by investigating eventual correlations between physical tests results and school marks and by disclosing eventual mutual relationships between socio-demographics, family context, lifestyle (including physical activity), and school performance information using a structural modeling approach. Children were assessed for lower/upper limbs muscle strength and running/agility performance. Pearson's correlation between physical tests and school performance was studied. We found that agility correlated with English, Italian, mathematics, music, and sport marks, whereas jump correlated with English, mathematics, sport, and technologies marks. Sprint correlated with mathematics, sport, and technologies marks. All correlation coefficients were moderate, except for correlations between sport marks and physical tests (strong correlation). From the structural model, we found that socio-demographics and lifestyle significantly impacted on school achievement. In particular, lifestyle was found to fully moderate the impact of the family context on school achievement. Schools and households represent important settings for improving children physical and psychological-cognitive health and status, offering physical activities opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Padulo
- Department of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Sport Performance Laboratory, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Research Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sport (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Zoran Grgantov
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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19
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Short-Term Effects of Suspension Training on Strength and Power Performances. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2018; 3:jfmk3040051. [PMID: 33466980 PMCID: PMC7739337 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk3040051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Suspension Training (ST) workouts include a variety of movements requiring the individual to maintain balance while performing various resistance exercises in an interval fashion. Although ST is thought to elicit higher muscle activations than traditional exercises, only limited information is available on its acute effects on strength and power performances, especially in relation to gender. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the strength and power acute responses after ST, also in relation to gender. Eighty-eight (46 males, 42 females) participants were administered countermovement jumps (CMJ), squat jumps (SJ), lower limb Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) at 90° angle knee extension, and grip strength (handgrip) before (PRE) and after (POST) a 50 min ST session involving upper, lower body and core exercises. ANOVA for repeated measures was used to evaluate the differences (p < 0.05) in relation to gender and experimental session. After ST session, significantly higher values emerged in males, whereas no significant changes were found in females. Findings indicate that ST as a form of exercise is useful to maintain and improve acute strength and power performances, especially in male participants. Future studies should be carried out to explore the gender-related differences in response to acute bout of ST exercises.
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20
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de Oliveira DCX, Frisselli A, de Souza EG, Stanganelli LCR, Deminice R. Venous versus capillary sampling for total creatine kinase assay: Effects of a simulated football match. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204238. [PMID: 30235295 PMCID: PMC6147722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Capillary rather than venipuncture may be a simpler and less invasive blood collection protocol that would increase the number of potential sampling tests. However, if capillary sampling can be used as an alternative to venipuncture to determine changes in plasma, total creatine kinase (CK) activity in response to a football training session is poorly known. Objective This study aims to determine whether capillary blood sampling would provide representative measures of total CK activity compared to venipuncture in response to a football training session-induced elevated CK plasma levels. Methods Twenty-two players from an under-19 football team performed a simulated football match with 11 players on each team for 90 minutes total duration (two halves of 45 minutes with 15 minutes rest between). Venous and ear lobe capillary blood samples were collected before and after (24h and 48h) the training session. Athletes retested for three consecutive days after exercise during the recovery week. Results The simulated match significantly increased (P< 0.05) total CK activity as determined in both venous (1.7-fold) and capillary (1.9-fold) blood sampling. Total CK activity determined using capillary samples demonstrated significant correlation (r = 0.85; P < 0.01) and an elevated concordance Lin index (pc = 0.80) when compared to venous sampling total CK. The Bland–Altman plot showed capillary sampling CK overestimated venous CK levels by 130 U/L (61%), with moderated variance and low bias. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that capillary sampling for total CK activity assay may be considered a reliable alternative to venipuncture to determine changes in plasma total CK activity in response to a football training session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donizete C. X. de Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ariobaldo Frisselli
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Edirley G. de Souza
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cláudio R. Stanganelli
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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21
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Inman LA, Rennie MJ, Watsford ML, Gibbs NJ, Green J, Spurrs RW. Reference values for the creatine kinase response to professional Australian football match-play. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:852-857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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Struhár I, Kumstát M, Králová DM. Effect of Compression Garments on Physiological Responses After Uphill Running. J Hum Kinet 2018; 61:119-129. [PMID: 29599865 PMCID: PMC5873342 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited practical recommendations related to wearing compression garments for athletes can be drawn from the literature at the present time. We aimed to identify the effects of compression garments on physiological and perceptual measures of performance and recovery after uphill running with different pressure and distributions of applied compression. In a random, double blinded study, 10 trained male runners undertook three 8 km treadmill runs at a 6% elevation rate, with the intensity of 75% VO2max while wearing low, medium grade compression garments and high reverse grade compression. In all the trials, compression garments were worn during 4 hours post run. Creatine kinase, measurements of muscle soreness, ankle strength of plantar/dorsal flexors and mean performance time were then measured. The best mean performance time was observed in the medium grade compression garments with the time difference being: medium grade compression garments vs. high reverse grade compression garments. A positive trend in increasing peak torque of plantar flexion (60º·s-1, 120º·s-1) was found in the medium grade compression garments: a difference between 24 and 48 hours post run. The highest pain tolerance shift in the gastrocnemius muscle was the medium grade compression garments, 24 hour post run, with the shift being +11.37% for the lateral head and 6.63% for the medial head. In conclusion, a beneficial trend in the promotion of running performance and decreasing muscle soreness within 24 hour post exercise was apparent in medium grade compression garments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Struhár
- Department of Health Promotion-Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kumstát
- Department of Health Promotion-Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Moc Králová
- Department of Health Promotion-Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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23
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de Rezende Barbosa MPDC, Vanderlei LCM, Neves LM, Takahashi C, Torquato PRDS, Fortaleza ACDS, Freitas Júnior IF, Sorpreso ICE, Abreu LC, Pérez Riera AR. Impact of functional training on geometric indices and fractal correlation property of heart rate variability in postmenopausal women. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2018; 23:e12469. [PMID: 28741870 PMCID: PMC6931770 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the influence of functional training on the geometric indices of heart rate variability (HRV) and fractal correlation properties of the dynamics of heart rate in menopausal women. METHODS Of 39 women who were in the period of menopause for more than a year and who did not practice any regular physical activity were divided into: Functional training group (FTG = 50 ± 4.5 years; 67.64 ± 11.64 kg; 1.5 ± 0.05 m) that executed the functional training (FT) and all proposals by reviews and the Control group (58.45 ± 4.8 years; 66.91 ± 13.24 kg; 1.55 ± 0.05 m) who performed all assessments but not FT. The training consisted of 18 weeks (three times a week) and the volunteers performed three sets of 11 functional exercises followed by a walk in each of the sessions. The autonomic nervous system modulation was evaluated by analysis of HRV and the indices obtained were: RR intervals, RRTRI, TINN, SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2, qualitative analysis of Poincaré plot and DFA (alfa-1, alfa-2 and alfa-1/alfa-2). The Student's t-test for unpaired samples (normal data) or Mann-Whitney test nonnormal data) were used to compare the differences obtained between the final moment and the initial moment of the studied groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION Were observed in the FTG: increased SD1 (CG 0.13 ± 4.00 vs. 3.60 ± 8.43), beat-to-beat global dispersion much greater as an increased in the dispersion of long-term RR intervals and increased fractal properties of short-term (α1) (CG -0.04 ± 0.13 vs. 0.07 ± 0.21). FT promoted a beneficial impact on cardiac autonomic modulation, characterized by increased parasympathetic activity and short-term fractal properties of the dynamics of the heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz C. M. Vanderlei
- Physiotherapy DepartmentSão Paulo State University – FCT/UNESPPresidente PrudenteSPBrazil
| | | | - Carolina Takahashi
- Physiotherapy DepartmentSão Paulo State University – FCT/UNESPPresidente PrudenteSPBrazil
| | | | | | | | - Isabel C. E. Sorpreso
- Medicine FacultyObstetrics and Gynecology DepartmentUniversity of São Paulo (USP)São PauloBrazil
| | - Luiz C. Abreu
- ABC Medical School (FMABC)Santo AndréSão PauloBrazil
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Baranauskienė N, Kilikevičienė S, Stasiulė L, Civinskienė G, Stasiulis A. Gender differences in residual effect of prior drop jumps on oxygen uptake during heavy cycling exercise. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2017; 53:331-338. [PMID: 29239779 DOI: 10.1016/j.medici.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Unaccustomed eccentric or eccentric-concentric exercise leaves us stiff and sore the next day and can cause muscle damage. The data about the residual effect of prior eccentric-concentric exercises on oxygen uptake (VO2) during constant cycling exercise in women or the data about differences of such effect between genders are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess differences of the residual effect of PDJ on VO2 during HCE and indirect muscle damage parameters between women and men. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study aimed to asses differences of the residual effect of prior drop jumps (PDJ) on VO2 during heavy cycling exercise (HCE) and indirect muscle damage parameters between men (n=8) and women (n=11). On four different days participants performed one incremental cycling exercise and three HCE (control [CON], 45min [45' PDJ] and 24h [24h PDJ] after 100 drop jumps). The intensity of HCE was set to work rate corresponding to 50% of the difference between the second and the first ventilatory thresholds which were determined analyzing pulmonary gas exchange parameters during incremental cycling exercise. Capillary blood samples were collected in order to measure blood lactate concentration immediately after HCE and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity 24h after PDJ. Subjects rated perceived exertion and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) using 20 and 10 point scales, respectively. RESULTS VO2 at 3-6min of HCE performed 45' after PDJ was significantly increased as compared to CON HCE only in the male group. Both men and women felt moderate muscle pain. CK activity was significantly increased 24h after PDJ in the male group. Both during HCE 45' PDJ and 24h PDJ, the significant positive correlation was observed between relative changes of VO2 during steady state of HCE and CK activity only in the male group. CONCLUSIONS Prior eccentric-concentric exercise of thigh muscles (100 drop jumps) accelerates VO2 kinetics at the start and increases VO2 during steady state of heavy cycling only in the male group. So, prior exercise of such type has a higher negative impact on cycling economy in men than in women and this might be related to greater muscle damage and fatigue in physically active male persons after plyometric exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neringa Baranauskienė
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Sandra Kilikevičienė
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Biomedicine, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Loreta Stasiulė
- Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Biomedicine, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Genuvaitė Civinskienė
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Stasiulis
- Department of Applied Biology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Biomedicine, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Rezende Barbosa MPDCD, Oliveira VC, Silva AKFD, Pérez-Riera AR, Vanderlei LC. Effectiveness of functional training on cardiorespiratory parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 38:539-546. [PMID: 28752947 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional training is a new training vision that was prepared from the gesture imitation of daily activities. Although your use has become popular in clinical practice, the influence of the several cardiorespiratory adjustments performed during the functional training in different populations and conditions is unknown. So, the aim of this systematic review was to gather information in the literature regarding the influence of functional training on cardiorespiratory parameters. METHODS We conducted search strategies on MEDLINE, PEDro, EMBASE, SportDiscus and Cochrane to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of functional training on cardiorespiratory parameters. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) summarized the evidence. RESULTS Five original studies were included. Effects favoured functional training on oxygen consumption (VO2 ) at intermediate-term follow-up: weighted mean difference -1·0 (95% CI: 5·4-3·3), P = 0·642, and a small and not clinically important effect observed on VO2 favouring control at intermediate-term follow-up (i.e. mean difference of 1·30 (95% CI 1·07-1·53), P<0·001). CONCLUSION According to the GRADE system, there is very low quality evidence that functional training is better than other interventions to improve cardiovascular parameters. This result encourages new searches about the theme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinicius Cunha Oliveira
- Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Carlos Vanderlei
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - FCT/UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Cassemiro BM, Lemes ÍR, Figueiredo MPFD, Vanderlei FM, Pastre CM, Netto Júnior J. Effects of functional resistance training on muscle strength and musculoskeletal discomfort. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5918.030.002.ao15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Functional resistance training (FRT) is becoming increasingly popular to improve physical fitness of practitioners, however, yet there are gaps in knowledge about effectiveness of FRT in relation conventional resistance training (CRT) in several ambits, as musculoskeletal complaints. Objective: Compare the effect of FRT and CRT in the musculoskeletal discomfort and magnitude of gain in muscle strength in healthy women. Methods: 52 women was divided into three groups, FRT (n = 15; 22 ± 2.35 years): functional resistance training; CRT (n = 14; 22.5 ± 1.78 years): conventional resistance training and CG (n = 13; 20.6 ± 1.10 years): no type of intervention. The training was periodized in 30 sessions over 12 weeks with 3 sessions per week. For the muscle strength variable used the 1RM test and for the musculoskeletal discomfort variable, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Regarding the statistical analysis, all results took into consideration a 5% level of significance. Results: Considerable gain in muscle strength was observed for all exercises in both training groups. In addition, there was a tendency in CRT to relate a more musculoskeletal discomfort; presented 27.3% more complaints compared FRT in the MNQ. Conclusion: The FRT was as effective as the CRT for improving muscle strength, furthermore, there was a tendency for FRT to cause less musculoskeletal discomfort.
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Raeder C, Wiewelhove T, Simola RÁDP, Kellmann M, Meyer T, Pfeiffer M, Ferrauti A. Assessment of Fatigue and Recovery in Male and Female Athletes After 6 Days of Intensified Strength Training. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:3412-3427. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Eckardt N. Lower-extremity resistance training on unstable surfaces improves proxies of muscle strength, power and balance in healthy older adults: a randomised control trial. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16:191. [PMID: 27881086 PMCID: PMC5122203 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well documented that both balance and resistance training have the potential to mitigate intrinsic fall risk factors in older adults. However, knowledge about the effects of simultaneously executed balance and resistance training (i.e., resistance training conducted on unstable surfaces [URT]) on lower-extremity muscle strength, power and balance in older adults is insufficient. The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of machine-based stable resistance training (M-SRT) and two types of URT, i.e., machine-based (M-URT) and free-weight URT (F-URT), on measures of lower-extremity muscle strength, power and balance in older adults. METHODS Seventy-five healthy community-dwelling older adults aged 65-80 years, were assigned to three intervention groups: M-SRT, M-URT and F-URT. Over a period of ten weeks, all participants exercised two times per week with each session lasting ~60 min. Tests included assessment of leg muscle strength (e.g., maximal isometric leg extension strength), power (e.g., chair rise test) and balance (e.g., functional reach test), carried out before and after the training period. Furthermore, maximal training load of the squat-movement was assessed during the last training week. RESULTS Maximal training load of the squat-movement was significantly lower in F-URT in comparison to M-SRT and M-URT. However, lower-extremity resistance training conducted on even and uneven surfaces meaningfully improved proxies of strength, power and balance in all groups. M-URT produced the greatest improvements in leg extension strength and F-URT in the chair rise test and functional reach test. CONCLUSION Aside from two interaction effects, overall improvements in measures of lower-extremity muscle strength, power and balance were similar across training groups. Importantly, F-URT produced similar results with considerably lower training load as compared to M-SRT and M-URT. Concluding, F-URT seems an effective and safe alternative training program to mitigate intrinsic fall risk factors in older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial has been registered with clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT02555033 ) on 09/18/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Eckardt
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport and Sports Science, University of Kassel, Damaschkestraße 25, 34121, Kassel, Germany.
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Resistance-training exercises with different stability requirements: time course of task specificity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:2247-2256. [PMID: 27671996 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to assess the task-specificity (greater improvements in trained compared to non-trained tasks), transferability and time-course adaptations of resistance-training programs with varying instability requirements. METHOD Thirty-six resistance-trained men were randomized to train chest press 2 days week-1 for 10 week (6 repetitions × 4 series) using a Swiss ball, Smith machine or dumbbells. A six-repetition maximum-strength test with the aforementioned exercises and traditional barbell chest press were performed by all participants at the first, 7th, 14th and final training session in addition to electromyographic activities of the prime movers measured during isometric bench press. RESULTS The groups training with the unstable Swiss-ball and dumbbells, but not the stable Smith-machine, demonstrated task-specificity, which became apparent in the early phase and remained throughout the study. The improvements in the trained exercise tended to increase more with instability (dumbbells vs. Smith machine, p = 0.061). The group training with Smith machine had similar improvements in the non-trained exercises. Greater improvements were observed in the early phase of the strength-training program (first-7th session) for all groups in all three exercises, but most notably for the unstable exercises. No differences were observed between the groups or testing times for EMG activity. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that among resistance-trained individuals, the concept of task-specificity could be most relevant in resistance training with greater stability requirements, particularly due to rapid strength improvements for unstable resistance exercises.
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Wirth K, Hartmann H, Mickel C, Szilvas E, Keiner M, Sander A. Core Stability in Athletes: A Critical Analysis of Current Guidelines. Sports Med 2016; 47:401-414. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bezrati I, Hammami R, Ben Fradj MK, Martone D, Padulo J, Feki M, Chaouachi A, Kaabachi N. Association of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D with physical performance in physically active children. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1124-1128. [PMID: 27764544 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is thought to regulate skeletal muscle function and boost physical performance. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between vitamin D and physical performance in physically active children. This cross-sectional study included 125 children who practice football as a leisure activity. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) was assessed using a chemiluminescence immunoassay method. Vitamin D inadequacy was defined as 25-OHD < 20 ng/mL. Physical performance testing included measurements of muscle strength (maximal isometric contraction), jumping ability (vertical jump, standing broad jump, triple hop test), linear sprint (10 m and 20 m), and agility (9 × 4-m shuttle run). Plasma 25-OHD concentrations were positively correlated with muscle strength (r = 0.539; p < 0.001), vertical jump (r = 0.528; p < 0.001), and standing broad jump (r = 0.492; p < 0.001) but inversely correlated with sprint performance (r = -0.539; p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis models, plasma 25-OHD concentrations were associated with each physical performance parameter independently of age, maturity status, body mass index, fat mass, and protein and calcium intakes. In conclusion, a low plasma 25-OHD level was associated with decreased muscle strength, agility, and jumping and sprinting abilities in physically active children. Vitamin D inadequacy may limit exercise performance. Further research should verify whether correction of vitamin D deficiency enhances physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Bezrati
- a Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, LR99ES11, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.,b National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sports, Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", 2010 Tunis, Tunisia.,c University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Hammami
- b National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sports, Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", 2010 Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Johnny Padulo
- b National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sports, Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", 2010 Tunis, Tunisia.,e eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy.,f University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Moncef Feki
- a Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, LR99ES11, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.,c University Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- b National Center of Medicine and Sciences in Sports, Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", 2010 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naziha Kaabachi
- a Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, LR99ES11, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
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de Rezende Barbosa MP, Júnior JN, Cassemiro BM, Bernardo AFB, França da Silva AK, Vanderlei FM, Pastre CM, Vanderlei LCM. Effects of functional training on geometric indices of heart rate variability. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:183-189. [PMID: 30356501 PMCID: PMC6188576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geometric methods provide an analysis of autonomic modulation using the geometric properties of the resulting pattern, and represent an interesting tool in the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of functional training on cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy young women using the geometric indices of HRV. METHODS Data were analyzed from 29 women, and were stratified into a functional training group (FTG, n = 13; 23.00 ± 2.51 years; 21.90 ± 2.82 kg/m2) and a control group (CG, n = 16; 20.56 ± 1.03 years; 22.12 ± 3.86 kg/m2). The FTG received periodized functional training for 12 weeks. The cardiac autonomic modulation of both groups was evaluated before and after this training, and a qualitative analysis was performed using the Poincaré plot. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the difference of the triangular index (RRTri), SD1, SD2, and RR intervals in the FTG as compared to the CG, and the qualitative analysis from the Poincaré plot showed an increase in the dispersion of beat-to-beat and long-term RR intervals in the functional group after training. No changes were observed in the triangular interpolation of RR interval histogram (TINN) or SD1/SD2. CONCLUSION Functional training had a beneficial impact on autonomic modulation, as characterized by increased parasympathetic activity and overall variability, thus highlighting the clinical usefulness of this type of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne P.C. de Rezende Barbosa
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060–900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Stress Physiology, Physiotherapy Department, University of Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060–900, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Laboratory of Stress Physiology, Physiotherapy Department, University of Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060–900, Brazil.
| | - Jayme Netto Júnior
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060–900, Brazil
| | - Bruna M. Cassemiro
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060–900, Brazil
| | - Aline Fernanda B. Bernardo
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060–900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Stress Physiology, Physiotherapy Department, University of Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060–900, Brazil
| | - Anne K. França da Silva
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060–900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Stress Physiology, Physiotherapy Department, University of Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060–900, Brazil
| | - Franciele M. Vanderlei
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060–900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Stress Physiology, Physiotherapy Department, University of Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060–900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Marcelo Pastre
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060–900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos M. Vanderlei
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060–900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Stress Physiology, Physiotherapy Department, University of Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060–900, Brazil
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Bennett TD, Lejnieks DV, Koepke H, Grimson F, Szucs J, Omaits K, Lane R. Comparison of Hematologic and Biochemical Test Results in Blood Samples Obtained by Jugular Venipuncture Versus Nail Clip in Moluccan Cockatoos (Cacatua moluccensis). J Avian Med Surg 2016; 29:303-12. [PMID: 26771320 DOI: 10.1647/2009-046r5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In birds, blood samples are often collected from the jugular, medial metatarsal, and basilic vein. Samples are sometimes collected by toe nail clip, but concerns to avoid drawing blood from the nail include pain after nail clips for blood collection, potential differences in complete blood count (CBC) results, and potential contamination with uric acid values. To compare differences in biochemical and hematologic values in blood samples obtained by jugular venipuncture versus toenail clip, blood samples were collected from Moluccan cockatoos (Cacatua moluccensis) (N = 23) and sent to a commercial laboratory for routine CBCs and serum biochemical analysis. Results showed good agreement between venipuncture and nail clip blood samples in red blood cell count, packed cell volume, heterophil count and percentage, lymphocyte count and percentage, aspartate aminotransferase, chloride, creatine phosphokinase, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, and uric acid values. Constant bias was found in values of bile acids, cholesterol, and hemoglobin. Proportional bias toward higher values in the jugular sample were found in total white blood cell (WBC) count and inorganic phosphorus. Serum calcium plots revealed a proportional bias toward higher values in the toe nail blood when values were increased. Results suggest some differences in WBC count, bile acids, calcium, cholesterol, hemoglobin, and phosphorus values between blood samples collected by jugular venipuncture and samples collected by toe nail clip, but the differences are mostly minor and, with the possible exception of inorganic phosphorus and marginally elevated or very low WBC counts, are unlikely to affect the use or interpretation of the avian blood panel.
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Behm DG, Muehlbauer T, Kibele A, Granacher U. Effects of Strength Training Using Unstable Surfaces on Strength, Power and Balance Performance Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2015; 45:1645-69. [PMID: 26359066 PMCID: PMC4656700 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of strength training on unstable surfaces (STU) versus stable surfaces (STS) or a control condition (CON; i.e., no training or regular training only) for strength, power and balance performance across the lifespan has not yet been investigated in a systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to determine the general effects of STU versus STS or CON on muscle strength, power and balance in healthy individuals across the lifespan and to investigate whether performance changes following STU are age specific. DATA SOURCES A computerized systematic literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science from January 1984 up to February 2015. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Initially, 209 articles were identified for review. Only controlled trials were included if they investigated STU in healthy individuals and tested at least one measure of maximal strength, strength endurance, muscle power, or static/dynamic balance. In total, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS The included studies were coded for the following criteria: age, sex, training status, training modality, exercise and test modality. Effect size measures included within-subject standardized mean differences (SMDw) and weighted between-subject standardized mean differences (SMDb). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 and χ2 statistics. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. RESULTS Our search failed to identify studies that examined the effects of STU versus STS or CON in children and middle-aged adults. However, four studies were identified that investigated the effects of STU versus CON or STS in adolescents, 15 studies were identified in young adults and three studies were identified in old adults. Compared with CON, STU produced medium effects on maximal strength in young adults and no effects to medium effects in old adults. In addition, large effects were detected on strength endurance in adolescents and in young adults; in old adults, a small effect was found. With regard to muscle power, medium effects were observed in young adults and small effects were observed in old adults. Further, large effects were found for static and dynamic balance in old adults, but only a small effect was found for dynamic balance in young adults. The comparison of STU and STS revealed inconsistent results as indicated by training-induced changes in favour of STU, as well as STS. Small to medium effects were found for maximal strength in adolescents in favour of STS, and small effects were found in young adults in favour of STU. With regard to strength endurance, large effects were found in adolescents in favour of STS and small effects were found in favour of STU. Additionally, we detected small effects in young adults in favour of STU. In terms of muscle power, no effects were observed in adolescents but medium effects were found in favour of STS in young adults. With regard to balance, small effects were detected in adolescents for static and dynamic balance in favour of STU. In young adults, small effects were found for static balance in favour of STS. With regard to dynamic balance, the analysis revealed small effects in young adults in favour of STU. LIMITATIONS The quality of the included studies was rather low, with mean PEDro scores of 5.8, 4.0 and 5.0 for studies including adolescents, young adults and old adults, respectively. Further, trivial to considerable heterogeneity between studies (i.e., 0% ≤ I2 ≤ 96%) was detected. CONCLUSIONS Compared with CON, STU is effective in improving muscle strength, power and balance in adolescents, young adults and old adults. However, inconsistent results were particularly found in adolescents and young adults when the specific effects of STU were compared with those of STS. We conclude that the performance of STU compared with STS has limited extra effects on muscle strength, power and balance performance in healthy adolescents and young adults. Given that our systematic search did not identify studies that examined the effects of STU versus STS in children, middle-aged adults and old adults, further research of high methodological quality is needed to determine whether there are additive effects of STU as compared with STS in those age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Thomas Muehlbauer
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Armin Kibele
- Institute for Sports and Sport Science, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 12, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
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Effect of unilateral knee extensor fatigue on force and balance of the contralateral limb. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:2177-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Rezende Barbosa MPDCD, Netto Júnior J, Cassemiro BM, de Souza NM, Bernardo AFB, da Silva AKF, Pastre CM, Vanderlei LCM. Impact of functional training on cardiac autonomic modulation, cardiopulmonary parameters and quality of life in healthy women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 36:318-25. [PMID: 26033271 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Functional training (FT) promotes benefits in various physical abilities; however, its effect on autonomic modulation, cardiorespiratory parameters and quality of life in the healthy adult population is unknown, and thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of FT on these variables in healthy young women. The study consisted of 29 women, distributed into two groups: the FT Group (FTG; n = 13; 23 ± 2·51 years; 21·90 ± 2·82 kg m(-) ²) and the Control Group (CG; n = 16; 20·56 ± 1·03 years; 22·12 ± 3·86 kg m(-) ²). The FTG performed periodized FT for 12 weeks, three times a week. The following were evaluated: autonomic modulation (heart rate variability), cardiorespiratory parameters and quality of life (SF-36 Questionnaire). The Student's t-test for unpaired data or the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the differences obtained between the final moment and the initial moment of the studied groups (P<0·05). The FTG demonstrated significant improvements in quality of life and autonomic modulation (P<0·05), but not in the cardiorespiratory parameters. Functional training was able to produce improvements in autonomic modulation and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayme Netto Júnior
- Physiotherapy Department, Univ Estadual Paulista - FCT/UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Marcelo Pastre
- Physiotherapy Department, Univ Estadual Paulista - FCT/UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Learman K, Pintar J, Ellis A. The effect of abdominal strength or endurance exercises on abdominal peak torque and endurance field tests of healthy participants: A randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther Sport 2015; 16:140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kibele A, Classen C, Muehlbauer T, Granacher U, Behm DG. Metastability in plyometric training on unstable surfaces: a pilot study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2014; 6:30. [PMID: 25089202 PMCID: PMC4118276 DOI: 10.1186/2052-1847-6-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background In the past, plyometric training (PT) has been predominantly performed on stable surfaces. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine effects of a 7-week lower body PT on stable vs. unstable surfaces. This type of exercise condition may be denoted as metastable equilibrium. Methods Thirty-three physically active male sport science students (age: 24.1 ± 3.8 years) were randomly assigned to a PT group (n = 13) exercising on stable (STAB) and a PT group (n = 20) on unstable surfaces (INST). Both groups trained countermovement jumps, drop jumps, and practiced a hurdle jump course. In addition, high bar squats were performed. Physical fitness tests on stable surfaces (hexagonal obstacle test, countermovement jump, hurdle drop jump, left-right hop, dynamic and static balance tests, and leg extension strength) were used to examine the training effects. Results Significant main effects of time (ANOVA) were found for the countermovement jump, hurdle drop jump, hexagonal test, dynamic balance, and leg extension strength. A significant interaction of time and training mode was detected for the countermovement jump in favor of the INST group. No significant improvements were evident for either group in the left-right hop and in the static balance test. Conclusions These results show that lower body PT on unstable surfaces is a safe and efficient way to improve physical performance on stable surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Kibele
- Institute for Sports and Sport Science, University of Kassel, Damaschkestr. 25, Kassel 34121, Germany
| | - Claudia Classen
- Institute for Sports and Sport Science, University of Kassel, Damaschkestr. 25, Kassel 34121, Germany
| | - Thomas Muehlbauer
- Division of Training and Movement Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - David G Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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Abstract
Context: Instability resistance training (IRT; unstable surfaces and devices to strengthen the core or trunk muscles) is popular in fitness training facilities. Objective: To examine contradictory IRT recommendations for health enthusiasts and rehabilitation. Data Sources: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, SPORT Discus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from 1990 to 2012. Study Selection: Databases were searched using key terms, including “balance,” “stability,” “instability,” “resistance training,” “core,” “trunk,” and “functional performance.” Additionally, relevant articles were extracted from reference lists. Data Extraction: To be included, research questions addressed the effect of balance or IRT on performance, healthy and active participants, and physiologic or performance outcome measures and had to be published in English in a peer-reviewed journal. Results: There is a dichotomy of opinions on the effectiveness and application of instability devices and conditions for health and performance training. Balance training without resistance has been shown to improve not only balance but functional performance as well. IRT studies document similar training adaptations as stable resistance training programs with recreationally active individuals. Similar progressions with lower resistance may improve balance and stability, increase core activation, and improve motor control. Conclusion: IRT is highly recommended for youth, elderly, recreationally active individuals, and highly trained enthusiasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Behm
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
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Wehmeier UF, Hilberg T. Capillary earlobe blood may be used for RNA isolation, gene expression assays and microRNA quantification. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:211-6. [PMID: 24213018 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies examining gene expression associated with diseases in children is likely, in the near future, to provide simple and easy to use methods for the isolation of RNA for gene expression profiling. Prerequisites for such studies are likely to encompass the use of small amounts of blood, as well as less invasive blood collection methods. In the current study, RNA was isolated from 20 µl capillary blood samples from the earlobes of 10 adults for quantitative PCR experiments. The results were compared with RNA isolated from venipuncture samples of the 10 samples. The expression of 4 mRNAs and 1 microRNA (miRNA), miRNA‑126, was measured. The quantitative PCR results obtained with the capillary blood probes were similar to results using venous blood samples. The few differences observed may result from a variation in the blood cell composition. The use of capillary blood samples from the earlobe for gene expression analysis is likely to allow this method to be used in newborns, babies and children. In addition, such a method, using microliters of blood samples, may also be useful for other medical studies e.g., in cases where repetitive blood sampling is necessary or in patients with bleeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo F Wehmeier
- Department for Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal D-42285, Germany
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Sparkes R, Behm DG. Training Adaptations Associated With an 8-Week Instability Resistance Training Program With Recreationally Active Individuals. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:1931-41. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181df7fe4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Weiss T, Kreitinger J, Wilde H, Wiora C, Steege M, Dalleck L, Janot J. Effect of Functional Resistance Training on Muscular Fitness Outcomes in Young Adults. J Exerc Sci Fit 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1728-869x(10)60017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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