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Nukaya Y, Matsui D, Watanabe I, Ozaki E, Yamamoto T, Takashima N, Kanamura N. Association Between Oral Hypofunction and Maximum Gait Speed in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Oral Rehabil 2025; 52:357-366. [PMID: 39582170 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 11/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported an association between oral hypofunction and normal gait speed as a marker for physical function; however, the association between maximum gait speed as a more sensitive marker for physical function and poor oral function has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES To elucidate associations of oral hypofunction, comprising seven elements, with both normal and maximum gait speeds in an older population. METHODS Participants were recruited in 2018 from a hospital-based health checkup in Kyoto Prefecture. Seven oral function tests (oral hygiene, oral dryness, occlusal force or number of teeth, tongue-lip motor function, tongue pressure, masticatory function and swallowing function) were performed. Oral hypofunction was defined as an abnormality in at least three of these items. Gait speed was measured as normal and maximum gait speeds. The relationship between oral hypofunction and maximum gait speed was analysed using logistic regression. RESULTS This study included 198 participants (130 men and 68 women; mean age: 75.0 years). Among them, 152 (76.7%) had oral hypofunction. After adjustment for age, sex and body mass index, oral hypofunction was significantly associated with a low maximum gait speed (odds ratio: 2.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.41-5.37). CONCLUSION Oral hypofunction is associated with maximum gait speed in older people. The prevention of oral hypofunction may help maintain walking speed and promote an increase in healthy life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Nukaya
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsui
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Isao Watanabe
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuko Ozaki
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Tomkinson GR, Lang JJ, Rubín L, McGrath R, Gower B, Boyle T, Klug MG, Mayhew AJ, Blake HT, Ortega FB, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Magnussen CG, Fraser BJ, Kidokoro T, Liu Y, Christensen K, Leong DP. International norms for adult handgrip strength: A systematic review of data on 2.4 million adults aged 20 to 100+ years from 69 countries and regions. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 14:101014. [PMID: 39647778 PMCID: PMC11863340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability. Handgrip strength (HGS) using isometric dynamometry is a convenient, feasible, and widely used method of assessing muscular strength among people of all ages. While adult HGS norms have been published for many countries, no study has yet synthesized available data to produce international norms. The objective of this study was to generate international sex- and age-specific norms for absolute and body size-normalized HGS across the adult lifespan. METHODS Systematic searches were conducted in 6 databases/web search engines (MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) up to December 1, 2023. We included full-text peer-reviewed observational studies that reported normative HGS data for adults aged ≥20 years by sex and age. Pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation following harmonization for methodological variation. Population-weighted Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape were used to develop sex- and age-specific norms for absolute HGS (kg) and HGS normalized by height (Ht, m) squared (i.e., HGS/Ht2 in kg/m2). Norms were tabulated as percentile values (5th to 95th) and visualized as smoothed percentile curves. RESULTS We included data from 100 unique observational studies representing 2,405,863 adults (51.9% female) aged 20 to 100+ years from 69 countries and regions tested from the year 2000 onward. On average, absolute and normalized HGS values negligibly improved throughout early adulthood, peaked from age 30-39 years (at 49.7 kg (males) and 29.7 kg (females) for absolute HGS or 16.3 kg/m2 (males) and 11.3 kg/m2 (females) for HGS/Ht2), and declined afterwards. The age-related decline in HGS accelerated from middle to late adulthood and was slightly larger for males than for females during middle adulthood. CONCLUSION This study provides the world's largest and most geographically comprehensive international norms for adult HGS by sex and age. These norms have utility for global peer-comparisons, health screening, and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Justin J Lang
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Lukáš Rubín
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec 461 17, Czech Republic; Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ryan McGrath
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Fargo VA Healthcare System, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; Department of Geriatrics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Bethany Gower
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Terry Boyle
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Marilyn G Klug
- Department of Population Health, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Alexandra J Mayhew
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Henry T Blake
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, ES 18071, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, ES 18071, Spain; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, ES 18071, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, ES 18071, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Brooklyn J Fraser
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Darryl P Leong
- The Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
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Lim N, Tsunoda K, Nagata K, Asano Y, Seol J, Jindo T, Tsuji T, Okura T. Developing a battery of physical performance tests to predict functional disability in Japanese older adults: A longitudinal study from the Kasama study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:1343-1349. [PMID: 39469829 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024]
Abstract
AIM Preventing functional disability benefits the quality of life of older adults and mitigates the economic burden of an aging society. However, the most effective physical performance tests and optimal cut points for identifying older adults at risk of functional disability remain unclear, and Japan lacks physical function-based assessment tools. We aimed to identify the physical performance tests related to functional disability and to develop a predictive test battery for it. METHODS We included 975 older adults (mean 72.8 ± 5.2 years, 55.4% women) in Kasama City, Japan. Functional disability was defined as certification of care level 2 or above based on the long-term care insurance system. Cox proportional hazards analysis examined the association between physical performance tests and incident functional disability. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 8.6 years (maximum 14 years), 236 participants (24.2%) developed functional disability. After adjusting for covariates, higher performances in grip strength, single-leg balance with eyes open (SLB), timed up-and-go (TUG), five-repetition sit-to-stand (5-STS), and 5-m habitual walk were significantly associated with a lower risk of functional disability. In a stepwise model, SLB, TUG, and 5-STS were key predictors of functional disability. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined optimal cut points of 32.6/32.7 s for SLB, 6.5/6.6 s for TUG, and 7.8/7.9 s for 5-STS. We developed a predictive battery combining these cut points (area under the curve = 0.78). CONCLUSIONS The developed battery of physical performance tests predicts future functional disability and is useful for screening older adults at high risk. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1343-1349.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namhoon Lim
- Doctoral Program in Physical Education, Health and Sport Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsunoda
- Faculty of Social Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koki Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- R&D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yujiro Asano
- Doctoral Program in Physical Education, Health and Sport Science, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jaehoon Seol
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Jindo
- Division of Art, Music, and Physical Education, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okura
- R&D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Jayaprakash KP, Ngo R, Lee E, Chng PL, Lee H, Chua S, Lee D, Wong C, S V. Case study: lessons learned from a community-based early frailty intervention programme in Singapore. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1445347. [PMID: 39507658 PMCID: PMC11537922 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1445347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a dynamic and evolving state of health which involves the gradual loss of physiological in-built reserves. In Singapore, there is growing interest in delivering frailty intervention programmes at scale in the community to meet the demands of an ageing population. New methods of programme delivery such as community-led models that do not rely on healthcare professional manpower are critical to address this unmet need. In this paper, we describe our experience and some lessons learned from the implementation of a community-based early frailty intervention programme for older adults, delivered for the first time by trained laypersons. From August to September 2022, "Steady Lah," a community-based early frailty intervention programme with physical activity and nutrition-based elements, was conducted at an Active Ageing Centre in Singapore. A total of 23 participants with mean age of 73.8 years were enrolled in the 12-session programme comprising of progressive strength and balance-based exercises and workshop-based learning focusing on nutrition. In the implementation of this run of "Steady Lah," modifications were made from a healthcare professional-led model to a trained layperson-led model with additional steps taken to ensure participant safety and assess overall effectiveness when delivered by trained laypersons. Good collaboration between stakeholders in healthcare institutions and the community is necessary to co-develop a model that prioritises the needs of the frail older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamala Priya Jayaprakash
- National Preventive Medicine Residency Programme, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Ngo
- Health Promotion Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elianna Lee
- Health Promotion Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Hengky Lee
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Salan Chua
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deborah Lee
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carina Wong
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Viknessh S
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Colcord KA, Gilsanz P, George KM, Kawas CH, Jiang L, Whitmer RA, Corrada MM. The Importance of Racially and Ethnically Inclusive Gait Speed Reference Values in Individuals 90 Years and Older: LifeAfter90. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2024; 47:202-213. [PMID: 39159436 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Clinicians use reference values to contextualize physical performance scores, but data are sparse in individuals 90 years and older and racial/ethnic diversity is limited in existing studies. Gait speed provides valuable information about an individual's health status. Slow gait speed is associated with falls, cognitive decline, and mortality. Here, we report gait speed reference values in a racially/ethnically diverse oldest-old cohort. METHODS LifeAfter90 is a multiethnic cohort study of individuals 90 years and older. Participants are long-term members of an integrated healthcare delivery system without a dementia diagnosis at enrollment. We assessed gait speed using the 4-m walk test and calculated means, standard deviations, and percentiles by age, sex, assistive device use, and device type. We used linear regression to compare means by sex, age, device use and type, living situation and arrangement, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The mean age of the 502 participants was 92.9 (range 90.1-102.8) years. Of these, 62.6% were women, 34.7% were college educated, 90.8% lived in a private residence, 20.9% self-reported as Asian, 22.5% as Black, 11.8% as Hispanic, 35.7% as White, and 9.2% as multiple, "other," or declined to state. The overall mean gait speed was 0.54 m/s (women = 0.51 m/s, men = 0.58 m/s). Mean gait speeds were 0.58 m/s, 0.53 m/s, and 0.48 m/s in the 90 to 91, 92 to 93, and 94+ age categories, respectively. In those without a device, mean gait speed was 0.63 m/s compared to 0.40 m/s in those with a device (cane = 0.44 m/s, walker = 0.37 m/s). Mean gait speed was significantly slower in women compared to men, age category 94+ compared to 90 to 91, participants with a device compared to those without, participants with a walker compared to a cane, and Black participants compared to Asian and White participants. However, differences by race/ethnicity were attenuated when chronic health conditions were considered. CONCLUSIONS Reference values developed from this multiethnic 90+ cohort will help clinicians interpret gait speed measures and tailor recommendations toward a 90+ population that is growing in number and in racial/ethnic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Colcord
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Paola Gilsanz
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland, California
| | - Kristen M George
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Claudia H Kawas
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Luohua Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Rachel A Whitmer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - María M Corrada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California
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Hirai T, Kamide N, Shigeta K. Sex differences in the association of physical functions with hospitalization and mortality events among community-dwelling older adults with disabilities. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:296-300. [PMID: 39096583 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of sex in the association between physical function and the occurrence of hospitalization and mortality among community-dwelling older adults with impairments in activities of daily living (ADL). Participants included community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years with ADL disabilities. Physical functions (hand grip strength [HGS], knee extension muscle strength, and comfortable walking speed [CWS]) were measured at baseline and analyzed for association with hospitalization and mortality by sex using Cox regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders. In this Cox regression analysis, HGS was significantly associated with the occurrence of hospitalization and mortality in women, whereas CWS was significantly associated with the occurrence of hospitalization and HGS with mortality in men. These findings reveal that the predictive ability of adverse events in community-dwelling older adults with disabilities differs by sex, requiring outcome- and sex-specific prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hirai
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Naoto Kamide
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373 Japan
| | - Kyo Shigeta
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8642 Japan
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Roman-Liu D, Kamińska J, Tokarski TM. Population-specific equations of age-related maximum handgrip force: a comprehensive review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17703. [PMID: 39056055 PMCID: PMC11271657 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The measurement of handgrip force responses is important in many aspects, for example: to complement neurological assessments, to investigate the contribution of muscle mass in predicting functional outcomes, in setting realistic treatment goals, evaluating rehabilitation strategies. Normative data about handgrip force can assist the therapist in interpreting a patient's results compared with healthy individuals of the same age and gender and can serve as key decision criteria. In this context, establishing normative values of handgrip strength is crucial. Hence, the aim of the this study is to develop a tool that could be used both in rehabilitation and in the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This tool takes the form of population-specific predictive equations, which express maximum handgrip force as a function of age. Methodology In order to collect data from studies measuring maximum handgrip force, three databases were searched. The search yielded 5,058 articles. Upon the removal of duplicates, the screening of abstracts and the full-text review of potentially relevant articles, 143 publications which focussed on experimental studies on various age groups were considered as fulfilling the eligibility criteria. A comprehensive literature review produced 1,276 mean values of maximum handgrip force. Results A meta-analysis resulted in gender- and world region-specific (general population, USA, Europe and Asia) equations expressing maximum force as a function of age. The equations showed quantitative differences and trends in maximum handgrip force among age, gender and national groups. They also showed that values of maximum handgrip force are about 40% higher for males than for females and that age-induced decrease in force differs between males and females, with a proved 35% difference between the ages of 35 and 75. The difference was lowest for the 60-64 year olds and highest for the 18-25 year-olds. The equations also showed that differences due to region are smaller than those due to age or gender. Conclusions The equations that were developed for this study can be beneficial in setting population-specific thresholds for rehabilitation programmes and workstation exposure. They can also contribute to the modification of commonly used methods for assessing musculoskeletal load and work-related risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders by scaling their limit values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Roman-Liu
- Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection–National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kamińska
- Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection–National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Macjej Tokarski
- Ergonomics, Central Institute for Labour Protection–National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Faria A, Sousa T, Vaz JR, Gabriel R, Gama J, Stergiou N. Females Present Reduced Minimum Toe Clearance During Walking As Compared to Males in Active Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae109. [PMID: 38666361 PMCID: PMC11161860 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical decline due to aging has been associated with the risk of falls. Minimum toe clearance (MTC) is a gait parameter that might play a role in the mechanism of tripping and falling. However, it is unclear if there are any sex-related effects regarding MTC as people age. The present study investigated if there are sex-related differences in MTC in older active adults. METHODS Twenty-three females and 23 males (F: 65.5 ± 4.8 years; M: 61.9 ± 5.2 years) walked on a treadmill at a preferred walking speed, while kinematic data were obtained at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz and up-sampled to 120 and 240 Hz. MTC was calculated from the kinematics data and evaluated concerning its magnitude (ie, MTC and MTC/leg length), the time between left/right MTC (ie, T-MTC), amount of variability (ie, coefficient of variation [CV] and coefficient of variation modified [CVm]), and temporal structure of variability, that is, the complexity of the time series (ie, MTC α, T-MTC α). RESULTS No sex effects were found for MTC/leg length, for the amount of variability (ie, CV and CVm), and for the complexity of the time series (MTC α, T-MTC α). However, females exhibited significantly lower MTC and T-MTC after adjusting for walking speed, mass, and age as covariates. CONCLUSIONS The reduced MTC in females suggests a potential sex-related disparity in the risk of tripping and falling among active older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélio Faria
- Department of Sport Science, Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Sousa
- Department of Sport Science, Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João R Vaz
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz – Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ronaldo Gabriel
- Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise, and Health, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jorge Gama
- Centre of Mathematics and Applications, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Nikolaos Stergiou
- Division of Biomechanics and Research Development, Department of Biomechanics, Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Biomechanics Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Nakanishi S, Shimoda M, Kimura T, Katakura Y, Sanada J, Fushimi Y, Iwamoto Y, Iwamoto H, Mune T, Kaku K, Kaneto H. The Impact of Hand Strength on HbA1c, Body Mass Index and Body Composition by Group According to Sedentary Behaviour: Cross-Sectional Study in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Malays J Med Sci 2024; 31:185-193. [PMID: 38984246 PMCID: PMC11229562 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2024.31.3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of hand strength in consideration of sedentary behaviour on diabetes management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of hand strength on HbA1c, body mass index (BMI) and body composition by group according to the duration of sedentary behaviour in Japanese patients with T2DM. Methods In this retrospective, cross-sectional, single-centre study, hand strength standardised by bodyweight (GS) and sedentary time (ST), were obtained and analysed in a total of 270 Japanese T2DM outpatients in 2021. After dividing the patients into four categories of median values (high and low GS, and long and short ST), odds ratios (ORs) for good control of HbA1c, BMI, waist circumference (WC) and intra-abdominal fat (IAF) were investigated using logistic regression models. Results The high GS/short ST group was found to have a significantly higher (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.00, 4.03; P = 0.049) for controlled HbA1c compared with that of the low GS/long ST group. The high GS/short ST and the high GS/long ST groups had significantly higher ORs for controlled BMI, WC and IAF compared with the OR of the low GS/long ST group. In addition, the ORs were significantly increased with a positive trend in order from low GS/long ST, low GS/short ST, high GS/long ST, to high GS/short ST in all models (P < 0.001 for trend). Conclusion Hand strength, with modest effects from sedentary behaviour, could be helpful for diabetes management in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nakanishi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yukino Katakura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junpei Sanada
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Fushimi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Iwamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Iwamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Mune
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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Culverhouse J, Hillsdon M, Koster A, Bosma H, de Galan BE, Savelberg HHCM, Pulsford R. Cross-sectional associations between patterns and composition of upright and stepping events with physical function: insights from The Maastricht Study. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2024; 21:10. [PMID: 38724917 PMCID: PMC11080173 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-024-00343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age-related declines in physical functioning have significant implications for health in later life. Physical activity (PA) volume is associated with physical function, but the importance of the pattern in which PA is accumulated is unclear. This study investigates associations between accelerometer-determined daily PA patterns, including composition and temporal distribution (burstiness) of upright and stepping events, with physical function. METHODS Data was from participants who wore an activPAL3 accelerometer as part of The Maastricht Study. Exposures included a suite of metrics describing the composition and the temporal distribution (burstiness) of upright and sedentary behaviour. Physical function outcomes included the six-minute walk test (6MWT), timed chair-stand test (TCST), grip strength (GS), and SF-36 physical functioning sub-scale (SF-36pf). Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess associations, adjusting for covariates including overall PA volume (daily step count). RESULTS Participants(n = 6085) had 6 or 7 days of valid data. Upright and stepping event metrics were associated with physical function outcomes, even after adjusting PA volume. Higher sedentary burstiness was associated with better function (6MWT, TCST, and SF-36pf), as was duration and step volume of stepping events (6MWT, TCST, GS, and SF-36pf), step-weighted cadence (6MWT, TCST, and SF-36pf). Number of stepping events was associated with poorer function (6MWT, GS, and SF-36pf), as was upright event burstiness (SF-36pf). Associations varied according to sex. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that diverse patterns of physical activity accumulation exhibit distinct associations with various measures of physical function, irrespective of the overall volume. Subsequent investigations should employ longitudinal and experimental studies to examine how changing patterns of physical activity may affect physical function, and other health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Culverhouse
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Melvyn Hillsdon
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Hans Bosma
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan E de Galan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans H C M Savelberg
- School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Pulsford
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Sato S, Sasabuchi Y, Aso S, Okada A, Yasunaga H. Association between subjective physical function and occurrence of new fractures in older adults: A retrospective cohort study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:337-343. [PMID: 38366779 PMCID: PMC11503554 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Late-Stage Elderly Questionnaire has been incorporated into health assessments for older adults in Japan, encompassing three self-administered questions on subjective physical function: subjective gait speed decline, recent fall history, and exercise habits. Nevertheless, its efficacy in predicting new fracture occurrences remains uncertain. METHODS This retrospective cohort study utilized Japan's DeSC database, a large commercially available claims database. Participants were older adults aged ≥75 years and provided complete responses to the Late-Stage Elderly Questionnaire at health check-ups. We performed two Cox regression analyses for new fractures based on the responses to the three questions (Model 1) and on age, sex, and responses to the three questions (Model 2). The predictive abilities of the 1-year occurrence of new fractures were compared between the two models. RESULTS Of 11 683 eligible older adults, 927 (7.93%) experienced new fractures. Model 1 revealed significant associations between new fractures and subjective gait speed decline (hazard ratio [HR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-1.89), recent fall history (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.77-2.33), and absence of exercise habits (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.13-1.47). Model 2 demonstrated superior predictive ability (area under the curve, 0.677; 95% CI, 0.659-0.695) compared with Model 1 (area under the curve, 0.633; 95% CI, 0.614-0.652), with a net reclassification improvement of 0.383 (95% CI, 0.317-0.449). CONCLUSION Three subjective physical well-being factors were significantly associated with new fracture development in older adults. These results suggest that the three-question assessment may be a valuable screening tool for identifying new fractures. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 337-343.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Sato
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yusuke Sasabuchi
- Department of Real‐world Evidence, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shotaro Aso
- Department of Real‐world Evidence, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Akira Okada
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle‐Related Diseases, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Vaishya R, Misra A, Vaish A, Ursino N, D'Ambrosi R. Hand grip strength as a proposed new vital sign of health: a narrative review of evidences. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:7. [PMID: 38195493 PMCID: PMC10777545 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Hand grip strength (HGS) serves as a fundamental metric in assessing muscle function and overall physical capability and is particularly relevant to the ageing population. HGS holds an important connection to the concept of sarcopenia, which encompasses the age-related decline in muscle mass, strength, and function. It has also been reported to indicate the health of an individual. We reviewed the interplay between HGS and various health parameters, including morbidity and mortality, by carrying out a literature search on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar between 10 and 30 August 2023, to identify the relevant papers on the relationship between health and HGS. We used several keywords like 'hand grip strength', 'muscle strength, 'sarcopenia', 'osteosarcopenia', 'health biomarker', 'osteoporosis', and 'frailty', to derive the appropriate literature for this review. This review has shown that the HGS can be measured reliably with a hand-held dynamometer. The cut-off values are different in various populations. It is lower in Asians, women, less educated and privileged, and those involved in sedentary work. Several diseases have shown a correlation with low HGS, e.g., Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney and liver disease, some cancers, sarcopenia and fragility fractures. The low HSG is also associated with increased hospitalization, nutritional status, overall mortality and quality of life. We believe that there is adequate evidence to show that HGS stands as an important biomarker of health. Its utility extends to the identification of diverse health issues and its potential as a new vital sign throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Vaishya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 10076, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Department of Endocrinology, C-DOC Fortis Hospital, Nehru Place, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Vaish
- Department of Orthopaedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 10076, India
| | - Nicola Ursino
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo D'Ambrosi
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Yu JS, Zhuang C, Guo WX, Chen JJ, Wu XK, Xie W, Zhou X, Su H, Chen YX, Wang LK, Li WK, Tian K, Zhuang RJ. Reference values of gait parameters in healthy Chinese university students: A cross-sectional observational study. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:7061-7074. [PMID: 37946765 PMCID: PMC10631401 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i29.7061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait is influenced by race, age, and diseases type. Reference values for gait are closely related to numerous health outcomes. To gain a comprehensive understanding of gait patterns, particularly in relation to race-related pathologies and disorders, it is crucial to establish reference values for gait in daily life considering sex and age. Therefore, our objective was to present sex and age-based reference values for gait in daily life, providing a valuable foundation for further research and clinical applications. AIM To establish reference values for lower extremity joint kinematics and kinetics during gait in asymptomatic adult women and men. METHODS Spatiotemporal, kinematics and kinetics parameters were measured in 171 healthy adults (70 males and 101 females) using the computer-aided soft tissue foot model. Full curve statistical parametric mapping was performed using independent and paired-samples t-tests. RESULTS Compared with females, males required more time (cycle time, double-limb support time, stance time, swing time, and stride time), and the differences were statistically significant. In addition, the step and stride lengths of males were longer. Compared to males, female cadence was faster, and statures-per-second and stride-per-minute were higher. There were no statistical differences in speed and stride width between the two groups. After adjusting for height, it was observed that women walked significantly faster than men, and they also had a higher cadence. However, in terms of step length, stride length, and stride width, both genders exhibited similarities. CONCLUSION We established reference values for gait speed and spatiotemporal gait parameters in Chinese university students. This contributes to a valuable database for gait assessment and evaluation of preventive or rehabilitative programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sheng Yu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen Zhuang
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun-Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Shaoxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing 312099, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang-Ke Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Quzhou TCM Hospital at the Junction of Four Provinces Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Quzhou 324002, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Xie
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Quzhou TCM Hospital at the Junction of Four Provinces Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Quzhou 324002, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Su
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Kang Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Kai Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kun Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ru-Jie Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Quzhou TCM Hospital at the Junction of Four Provinces Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Quzhou 324002, Zhejiang Province, China
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Núñez-Othón G, Romero-Pérez EM, Camberos NA, Horta-Gim MA, Tánori-Tapia JM, de Paz JA. Functional Capacity of Noninstitutionalized Older Adults from Northwest Mexico: Reference Values. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1733. [PMID: 37372852 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical capacity (PC) is a strong determinant of health, quality of life, and functional independence in older adults. Having reference values for PC specific to a particular region allows for a contextual interpretation of an individual's level. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to describe the evolution of key aspects of PC during the aging process and provide reference values for the major components of health-related PC for the older adult population in Northwest Mexico. METHODS A total of 550 independent older adults (60-84 years, 70% women) from the city of Hermosillo (Sonora, Mexico) were included between January and June 2019. PC was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test Battery (SFTB) and grip-strength test. Reference values were established for 5-year age groups, providing percentile values at 10, 25, 50, 75, and 90. The percentage decrease in functional capacity with aging was determined via a linear regression analysis of age against the percentage value of each subject relative to the average value of 60-year-old individuals of the same sex. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in the results between men and women within the same age group were few and inconsistent, except for handgrip strength, which was lower in women across all age groups. The functional level, with respect to reference values for each age and sex group, was similar between men and women. The most pronounced functional decline during the aging period occurs between 70 and 80 years of age. The various tests generally show an annual percentage loss of approximately 1% from 60 years of age. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in Mexico that provides reference values for physical capacity using the Senior Fitness Test Battery. In general, older adults-both men and women-show similar functional levels with respect to their respective reference values. In general, an annual decline of 1% from the age of 60 years occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Núñez-Othón
- Division of Biological Sciences and Health, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - José Antonio de Paz
- Division of Biological Sciences and Health, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
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Araki S, Kiyama R, Nakai Y, Kawada M, Miyazaki T, Takeshita Y, Makizako H. Sex differences in age-related differences in joint motion during gait in community-dwelling middle-age and older individuals. Gait Posture 2023; 103:153-158. [PMID: 37182382 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking is the most important mode of human locomotion; however, the ability to walk often decreases with age. Age-related differences in lower-limb kinematics during gait may differ depending on sex. However, the question of the compounded effects of age and sex on gait kinematics remains unsolved. RESEARCH QUESTION The present study aimed to clarify the interaction between age and sex in differences in gait kinematics of community-dwelling middle-age and older individuals. METHODS This study included 836 community-dwelling middle-age and older adults (61.8 % female). Joint motion during comfortable gait was measured using magnetic and inertial measurement units. Hip, knee, and ankle joint angles were calculated in the sagittal plane. Participants were divided into four groups according to age: 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80-89 years. The interaction of sex and age on spatiotemporal gait parameters and the peak value of joint angles was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS Gait speed (F = 43.92, P < 0.001), step length (F = 73.00, P < 0.001), hip extension (F = 12.89, P = 0.002), knee flexion (F = 39.99, P < 0.001), and ankle plantar flexion (F = 27.43, P < 0.001) significantly decreased with age. Significant differences according to sex were observed in all parameters except gait speed. Significant age and sex interaction effects were observed for knee flexion (F = 4.97, P = 0.002) and ankle dorsiflexion (F = 4.04, P = 0.007). SIGNIFICANCE A significant interaction effect of age and sex was observed for peak angle of knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion during gait. In particular, the knee flexion angle among females during gait began to decrease from 60 years of age, and the decreasing trend was faster and more prominent than that among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Araki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kiyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Yuki Nakai
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Daiichi Institute of Technology, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kawada
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takasuke Miyazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Takeshita
- Doctoral Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Tarumizu Municipal Medical Center, Tarumizu Central Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Iwasaki M, Ohara Y, Motokawa K, Hayakawa M, Shirobe M, Edahiro A, Watanabe Y, Awata S, Okamura T, Inagaki H, Sakuma N, Obuchi S, Kawai H, Ejiri M, Ito K, Fujiwara Y, Kitamura A, Nofuji Y, Abe T, Iijima K, Tanaka T, Son BK, Shinkai S, Hirano H. Population-based reference values for tongue pressure in Japanese older adults: A pooled analysis of over 5,000 participants. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:62-69. [PMID: 35082226 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_21_00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish age- and sex-specific population reference values for tongue pressure (TP) in community-dwelling Japanese older adults. METHODS For this analysis, we pooled four population-based studies on community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years that measured TP using a JMS tongue pressure measuring device. We calculated the means and deciles of TP per 5-year age group for each sex. We also estimated age trends in TP for men and women. RESULTS In total, 5,083 individuals (2,150 men and 2,933 women, with a mean [standard deviation] age of 75.2 [6.5] years) were included in the present analysis. In male participants, the mean (standard deviation) TPs for ages 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84, and ≥85 years were 34.0 (8.4), 32.2 (8.1), 30.8 (8.3), 28.4 (8.9), and 24.4 (8.2) kPa, respectively. In female participants, the corresponding values were 31.5 (7.1), 30.5 (7.5), 29.6 (7.3), 28.4 (8.0), and 26.4 (7.6) kPa, respectively. For both sexes, there were significant declining trends in TP with advanced age. In addition, the interaction between age and sex had a significant effect on TP (regression coefficient [95% confidence interval] = -0.18 [-0.25 to -0.11] when age was modeled as a continuous variable and sex was modeled as a categorical variable [coded as 0=women, 1=men]). CONCLUSIONS This study determined age- and sex-specific reference values for TP, presented as means and deciles, in community-dwelling Japanese older adults aged ≥65 years. This study also demonstrated sex differences in age-related declines in TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Iwasaki
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohara
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Motokawa
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misato Hayakawa
- Integrated Research Initiative for Living Well with Dementia, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Shirobe
- The Tokyo Metropolitan Support Center for Preventative Long-Term and Frail Elderly Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Edahiro
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Watanabe
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shuichi Awata
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Okamura
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inagaki
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Sakuma
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Ejiri
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ito
- Health Promotion Management Office, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Nofuji
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Abe
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Iijima
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tanaka
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bo-Kyung Son
- Institute of Gerontology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Shinkai
- The Tokyo Metropolitan Support Center for Preventative Long-Term and Frail Elderly Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutrition Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Andrews AW, Vallabhajosula S, Boise S, Bohannon RW. Normal gait speed varies by age and sex but not by geographical region: a systematic review. J Physiother 2023; 69:47-52. [PMID: 36528509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTIONS What are comfortable gait speed values for apparently healthy adults? How do these differ by age group, sex and geographical region? DESIGN Systematic review of observational studies with meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS Apparently healthy, community-dwelling adults who have undergone measurement of comfortable gait speed. SEARCH METHOD Potentially relevant studies were identified in four databases. Extracted data from studies that satisfied the eligibility criteria were added to a database containing the same information from a meta-analysis published a decade ago. OUTCOME MEASURES The weighted mean comfortable gait speed was calculated along with the 95% confidence interval for each stratum of age/sex using a random-effects model. Mean gait speeds were further stratified by the continent where the study took place. Tests of homogeneity included I2 and prediction intervals. RESULTS Meta-analysis of data from 51,248 apparently healthy adults was stratified by age (in decades) and sex. Male gait speed slowed beyond age 50 years whereas female gait speed slowed beyond age 30 years. The weighted mean gait speed ranged from 97 cm/s (females aged ≥ 80 years) to 140 cm/s (males aged 40 to 49 years). The I2 values ranged from 0 to 34.07; prediction interval ranges varied from a low of 30 (125 to 155 cm/s; males aged 40 to 49 years) to a high of 77 (83 to 160 cm/s; females aged 60 to 69 years). There was considerable overlap in confidence intervals between continents for each sex/age group. CONCLUSIONS Comfortable gait speed slowed through the adult years, but males maintained a faster walking speed than females. Further stratification of comfortable gait speed by geographical region is not warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Boise
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon, USA
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Kitago M, Seino S, Shinkai S, Nofuji Y, Yokoyama Y, Toshiki H, Abe T, Taniguchi Y, Amano H, Murayama H, Kitamura A, Akishita M, Fujiwara Y. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Creatinine-to-Cystatin C Ratio with Sarcopenia Parameters in Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:946-952. [PMID: 37997714 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulating evidence from cross-sectional studies suggests that the serum creatinine-to-cystatin C ratio (CCR) may be a useful biomarker for sarcopenia. This study aimed to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of CCR with sarcopenia and its parameters in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This 6-year prospective cohort study included the repeated measurement data from 1,253 Japanese residents (662 males and 591 females) aged ≥65 years who underwent medical checkups in Kusatsu and Hatoyama, Japan. A total of 4,421 observations were collected. MEASUREMENTS The CCR was grouped into quartiles by sex (Q1-Q4) using Q4 as the reference category. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 algorithm. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) measured using segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength (HGS), usual gait speed (UGS), and maximal gait speed (MGS) were measured repeatedly as sarcopenia parameters. The association of the CCR with changes in sarcopenia, SMI, HGS, UGS, and MGS during the 6-year period were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed-effects model. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia at baseline was 13.1% (11.9% in males and 14.5% in females). In a cross-sectional analysis, the CCR quartile was inversely associated with sarcopenia and was positively associated with SMI, HGS, and MGS (P for trend < 0.001). In a longitudinal analysis during the 6 years, a significant increase in sarcopenia in Q2 (B = 1.1% point/year; P = 0.026 for group-by-time interaction) and significant declines in SMI (B = -0.01 kg/m2/year; P = 0.044 for group-by-time interaction) and MGS (B = -0.008 m/sec/year; P = 0.041 for group-by-time interaction) in Q1 were observed compared with Q4. However, the dose-response relationship was significant only for MGS (P = 0.033 for trend). No significant group-by-time interaction was observed for HGS. CCR was not significantly associated with UGS either cross-sectionally or longitudinally. CONCLUSIONS CCR is a useful biomarker regarding the status of sarcopenia. It may be used for sarcopenia screening even in older adults whose physical function is difficult to assess. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether CCR can be a predictor of future sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kitago
- Yoshinori Fujiwara, MD, PhD, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan, Phone: +81-3-3964-3241, E-mail:
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19
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Afable SB, Cruz G, Saito Y, Malhotra R. Normative values of hand grip strength of older Filipinos aged 60 to 85 years. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2022.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ito K, Okamura T, Tsuda S, Ogisawa F, Awata S. Characteristics of complex cases of community-dwelling older people with cognitive impairment: A classification and its relationships to clinical stages of dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:997-1004. [PMID: 36269111 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Older people with severe and complex needs are a major challenge in the realm of community health. However, despite the importance of the issue there is a lack of knowledge regarding complex cases of community-dwelling older people with cognitive impairment (hereafter referred to as "complex cases"). The first aim of this study was to develop a framework for the comprehensive assessment and analysis of the issues faced by complex cases. The second aim was to identify the relationships between these issues and the clinical stages of dementia using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). METHODS A consecutive case series study was conducted using the records of 293 cases in municipal psychogeriatric services. Descriptions regarding the issues faced by complex cases were extracted from the case records and categorized. Next, trends according to CDR were analyzed. The association between each category and the CDR was then examined by multivariate analysis. RESULTS The issues faced by complex cases were categorized into five categories: A, Mental Health Issues; B, Physical Health Issues; C, Family Issues; D, Issues of Neighborhood Communication; and E, Financial Issue. The higher the CDR score, the higher the frequency of categories C and E, the lower the frequency of category A, and the more categories each case faced. After adjusting for possible confounders, CDRs were associated with the categories of issues faced by complex cases. CONCLUSIONS The analytical framework developed in the present study will help in the categorization of the complexity of complex cases and the development of intervention strategies. In addition, by incorporating the perspective of the clinical stage of dementia, more effective support can be provided. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Ito
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Okamura
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Tsuda
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Ogisawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Awata
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Nakanishi R, Kanazashi M, Tanaka M, Tanaka M, Fujino H. Impacts of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Walking Capacity by Reducing Oxidative Stress in Nursing Home Residents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13492. [PMID: 36294075 PMCID: PMC9603106 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with deterioration of endurance and muscle strength, which are mostly accompanied by aging. Astaxanthin supplement has excellent antioxidant activity without any pro-oxidative properties. In this study, we investigated how astaxanthin supplementation affects walking endurance and muscle strength in nursing home residents. Healthy elderly individuals (age: 67 to 94) were divided into two groups: 13 subjects received a daily dose of 24 mg of astaxanthin for 16 weeks (astaxanthin group) and 11 subjects received a placebo (placebo group). These subjects were compared using body component measurements, serum d-ROM levels, the distance of 6-min walking, blood lactate levels after the 6-min walking test, and muscle strength. After supplementation, the levels of d-ROMs and blood lactate after the 6-min walking test in the astaxanthin group significantly decreased compared with the placebo group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the walking distance was significantly higher in the astaxanthin group than in the placebo group (p < 0.05), despite a significant reduction in lactate levels after 6-MWT (p < 0.05). However, no significant intergroup differences were observed in muscle mass and strength. Astaxanthin supplement for 16 weeks is effective to increase the endurance capacity of the elderly. Astaxanthin supplement suppresses d-ROMs at rest and lactic acid production after the 6-min walk test. In contrast, astaxanthin supplement did not show significant intergroup differences in the muscle mass and strength. Therefore, the effect was most likely accompanied by an increase in endurance instead of an increase in muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakanishi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kobe International University, Kobe 658-0032, Japan
| | - Miho Kanazashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 723-0053, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Okayama Healthcare Professional University, Okayama 700-0913, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka 530-0043, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
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Ejiri M, Kawai H, Fujiwara Y, Ihara K, Watanabe Y, Hirano H, Kim H, Obuchi S. Determinants of new participation in sports groups among community-dwelling older adults: Analysis of a prospective cohort from The Otassha Study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275581. [PMID: 36194611 PMCID: PMC9531832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Participation in sports groups has health benefits for older adults, such as preventing functional limitations and social isolation. Encouraging participation in sports groups may be an important means of health promotion in older adults. However, there is insufficient research on the determinants of new participation in sports groups to consider effective interventions to promote participation in these groups. We investigated this using data from a 1-year prospective study. Data were obtained from "The Otassha Study" that assessed a cohort of community-dwelling older adults living in an urban area of Japan. Of 769 older adults who participated in a baseline health survey in 2018, 557 participated in a follow-up survey in 2019. We excluded 184 individuals who already participated in sports groups at baseline and 36 with missing data. Participation in sports groups was defined as that occurring more than once a week. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of new participation in sports groups, with sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, physical functions, cognitive functions, psychological factors, and social factors as independent variables. Forty-one (12.2%) individuals participated in sports groups at follow-up. In the multiple adjusted logistic regression model, new participation in sports groups was significantly associated with female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 5.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61‒19.26), engagement in regular exercise (OR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.03‒4.84), and having a large social network (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.04‒1.20). Physical functions were not associated with new participation. Determinants of new participation were lifestyle habits and social factors, rather than physical functions. Intervention through social networks may be effective in encouraging new participation in sports groups, which, in turn, may facilitate healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Ejiri
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki City, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yutaka Watanabe
- Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hunkyung Kim
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Yoo TK, Rhim HC, Park SH, Park S, Lee JY. Relationship between physical fitness and arterial stiffness in Korean older adults. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30617. [PMID: 36197273 PMCID: PMC9509115 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulse-wave velocity (PWV) is a widely used clinical marker of arterial stiffness. Associations between several physical fitness measures and arterial stiffness have been examined. However, these results were inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the relationship between various physical fitness parameters and arterial stiffness in older adults. From January 2014 to December 2015, 1500 participants (men, n = 587; mean age, 71.78 ± 5.10 years) in South Korea were enrolled in the study. Koreans aged >65 years who agreed to participate in the study were enrolled. Individuals who were unable to exercise because of underlying conditions were excluded. VO2 max (mL/kg/min), handgrip strength (kg), handgrip strength (kg)/body weight (kg) ratio, one-leg standing time (s), and 10-meter walking speed (m/s) were measured. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured using a VP-1000 instrument. VO2 max (mL/kg/min), handgrip (kg)/body weight (kg) ratio, one-leg standing time (s), and 10-meter walking speed (m/s) were significantly inversely associated with baPWV. This association was consistent even after adjusting for confounding factors. Our study revealed a significant association between various aspects of physical fitness and arterial stiffness. This study suggests that physical fitness is a useful predictor of arterial stiffness in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Yoo
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Hye Chang Rhim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School/Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soo Hyun Park
- Division of Sports Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saejong Park
- Division of Sports Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Young Lee, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of KoreaSaejong Park, Division of Sports Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea (e-mail: and )
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Young Lee, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of KoreaSaejong Park, Division of Sports Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea (e-mail: and )
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24
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Matsumoto K, Gondo Y, Masui Y, Yasumoto S, Yoshida Y, Ikebe K, Arai Y, Kabayama M, Kamide K, Akasaka H, Ishizaki T. Physical performance reference values for Japanese oldest old: a SONIC study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:748. [PMID: 36100911 PMCID: PMC9470232 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oldest old, defined as those aged 90 or over, is now the fastest-growing population sector. This study aimed to determine reference values for several physical performance measures (PPMs) among 90-year-olds using internationally standardized measurements and to clarify the characteristics of these indices by comparing their results for 90-year-olds with those for older people 70 and 80. Methods We used the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, and Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study data from 2010 to 2018. The study subjects were 70, 80, and 90-year-olds in the target area eligible to participate in the venue. Excluding those certified for long-term care, the final number of eligible persons is 70s cohort 1000 (2010), 80s cohort 973 (2011), and 90s cohort 690. 90s cohort only consisted of three survey waves: 2012, 2015, and 2018. We used hand grip strength and score on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) for our physical performance measurements. In addition, we statistically analyzed sex and age differences. Result The simple mean ± standard deviation (SD) for the 90-year-old respondents were in men, 24.1 ± 5.4 kg in hand grip strength, 0.80 ± 0.22 m/s in usual gait speed, 17.2 ± 6.73 s in 5times chair stand, 5.89 ± 4.42 s in tandem balance, and 8.3 ± 2.2 in SPPB respectively and in women, 14.4 ± 4.0 kg in hand grip strength, 0.72 ± 0.20 m/s in usual gait speed, 17.8 ± 7.89 s in 5times chair stand, 4.72 ± 4.35 s in tandem balance, and 7.5 ± 2.4 in SPPB, respectively. For all PPMs, the age 90 cohort was statistically significantly different from the age 70 and 80 cohorts (all trends P < 0.001). Hand grip strength decreased with a similar gradient with age cohort increase of 10 years for both sexes. In contrast, SPPB lower limb score showed a larger drop between the age 80 and 90 cohorts than between the age 70 and 80 cohorts. We also constructed sex-specific appraisal standards according to quintiles. Conclusions Our study yielded inclusive sex-specific reference values and appraisal standards for major physical performance measures not certified as requiring long-term care, community-dwelling, oldest old Japanese. The characteristics of age-related decline in physical performance differed between the upper and lower extremity assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuyuki Gondo
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukie Masui
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Yasumoto
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshida
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebe
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Kabayama
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Kamide
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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de Lima MDCC, Dallaire M, Tremblay C, Nicole A, Fortin É, Maluf IC, Nepton J, Severn AF, Tremblay P, Côté S, Bouchard J, da Silva RA. Physical and Functional Clinical Profile of Older Adults in Specialized Geriatric Rehabilitation Care Services in Saguenay-Québec: A Retrospective Study at La Baie Hospital. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9994. [PMID: 36011629 PMCID: PMC9408348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular and neurological diseases were the most commonly debilitating conditions and risk factors associated with pain, mobility limitations, increased risk of falls and disability. Studies barely address the profile of older adults in care within a specialized geriatric rehabilitation service (SGRS) to provide subsidies for new actions within the public healthcare to reduce falls and improve management in health investments. This study aimed to establish a clinical physical and functional profile of the patients with neuromusculoskeletal and cognitive disorders and fallers in interventions within SGRS. From a retrospective study design, 127 medical records were compiled and analyzed to determine the physical and functional profile of older adults and differences according to sex, age groups and the benefits for local physical therapy intervention. The users were between 76 and 85 years of age, with diverse clinical diagnoses and debilitating conditions and impairments. A higher proportion presented gait and balance impairments and had two or more falls in 12 months. A significant effect for advanced age was observed. Overall, real benefits were reported with intervention for functional improvement, although the absence of a control group. These results have direct implications for a better understanding of a local SGRS and provide subsidies for developing new approaches for the assessment and treatment of older adults with high a risk of falls in order to reduce costs for the public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria do Carmo Correia de Lima
- Centre Intersectoriel en Santé Durable, Laboratoire de Recherche BioNR, Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Mathieu Dallaire
- Centre Intersectoriel en Santé Durable, Laboratoire de Recherche BioNR, Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Catherine Tremblay
- Doctoral Neuropsychology Program, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Alexis Nicole
- Physical Therapy Program, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Émilie Fortin
- Physical Therapy Program, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Isabela Calixto Maluf
- Medical Clinical Residence, São Paulo Hospital, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Josée Nepton
- Centre Intégré de Santé et Services Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (CIUSSS SLSJ), Specialized Geriatrics Services-Hôpital de La Baie, Saguenay, QC G7H 7K9, Canada
| | - Anne-France Severn
- Centre Intégré de Santé et Services Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (CIUSSS SLSJ), Specialized Geriatrics Services-Hôpital de La Baie, Saguenay, QC G7H 7K9, Canada
| | - Patrice Tremblay
- Centre Intégré de Santé et Services Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (CIUSSS SLSJ), Specialized Geriatrics Services-Hôpital de La Baie, Saguenay, QC G7H 7K9, Canada
| | - Sharlène Côté
- Centre Intégré de Santé et Services Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (CIUSSS SLSJ), Specialized Geriatrics Services-Hôpital de La Baie, Saguenay, QC G7H 7K9, Canada
| | - Julie Bouchard
- Centre Intersectoriel en Santé Durable, Laboratoire de Recherche BioNR, Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
- Doctoral Neuropsychology Program, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Rubens A. da Silva
- Centre Intersectoriel en Santé Durable, Laboratoire de Recherche BioNR, Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
- Physical Therapy Program, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
- Centre Intégré de Santé et Services Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (CIUSSS SLSJ), Specialized Geriatrics Services-Hôpital de La Baie, Saguenay, QC G7H 7K9, Canada
- Doctoral and Master Programs in Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anapolis 75083-515, Brazil
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Nguyen AT, Nguyen HTT, Nguyen HTT, Nguyen TX, Nguyen TN, Nguyen TTH, Nguyen AL, Pham T, Vu HTT. Walking Speed Assessed by 4-Meter Walk Test in the Community-Dwelling Oldest Old Population in Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19169788. [PMID: 36011423 PMCID: PMC9407834 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to provide data on usual walking speed in individuals aged 80 years or older and determine the association between walking speed and related factors in community-dwelling older adults. A cross-sectional study design was conducted to measure walking speed on community-dwelling elders aged 80 years or older in Soc Son district, Vietnam. Walking speed was assessed by a 4-Meter Walk Test with a usual-pace walking mode. Health-related characteristics of participants including risk of falls (The Timed Up and Go test, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), cognitive impairment (Mini-Cog test) and frailty syndrome (The Reported Edmonton Frail Scale (REFS)). Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between a slow walking speed and selected factors. A total of 364 older people were recruited, and the majority were female (65.4%). The overall average walking speed was 0.83 ± 0.27 m/s. The proportion of participants with a slow walking speed (<0.8 m/s) was 40.4%. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that age, female, high fall risk (assessed by TUG test), ADL/IADL dependence and frailty syndrome had a negative effect on slow walking speed in this population. The results could provide useful reference data for further investigations and measures in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Trung Nguyen
- Department of Geriatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Scientific Research Department, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Geriatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Scientific Research Department, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Dinh Tien Hoang Institute of Medicine, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Physiology Department, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Xuan Nguyen
- Department of Geriatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Scientific Research Department, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Dinh Tien Hoang Institute of Medicine, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tam Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Geriatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Scientific Research Department, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thu Thi Hoai Nguyen
- Department of Geriatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Scientific Research Department, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Lan Nguyen
- Department of Geriatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Scientific Research Department, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thang Pham
- Department of Geriatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Scientific Research Department, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Thi Thanh Vu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Scientific Research Department, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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Pua YH, Tay L, Clark RA, Thumboo J, Tay EL, Mah SM, Ng YS. Screening accuracy of percentage predicted gait speed for prefrailty/frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:575-580. [PMID: 35716008 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM In order to account for the variability in gait speed due to demographic factors, an observed gait speed value can be compared with its predicted value based on age, sex, and body height (observed gait speed divided by predicted gait speed, termed "GS%predicted" henceforth). This study aimed to examine the screening accuracy of an optimal GS%predicted threshold for prefrailty/frailty. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 998 community-dwelling ambulant participants aged >50 years (mean age = 68 years). Participants completed a multi-domain geriatric screen and a physical fitness assessment, from which the 10-m habitual gait speed, GS%predicted, Physical Frailty Phenotype (PFP) index, and 36-item Frailty Index (FI) were computed. RESULTS Based on the FI, ~49% of participants had pre-frailty or frailty. The optimal threshold of GS%predicted (0.93) had greater screening accuracy than the 1.0 m/s fixed threshold for gait speed (AUC, 0.65 vs. 0.60; DeLong's P < 0.001). Replacing gait speed with GS%predicted in the PFP improved its overall discrimination (AUC, 0.70 vs. 0.67 of original PFP; DeLong's P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Defining a "slow" gait speed by a GS%predicted value of <0.93 provided greater screening accuracy than the traditional 1.0 m/s threshold for gait speed. Our results also support the use of GS%predicted-derived PFP to identify older adults at risk of prefrailty/frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hao Pua
- Department of Physiotherapy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Medicine Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laura Tay
- Department of General Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore.,Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Ross Allan Clark
- Research Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Medicine Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Health Services Research and Evaluation, Singhealth Office of Regional Health, Singapore
| | - Ee-Ling Tay
- Department of Physiotherapy, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Shi-Min Mah
- Department of Physiotherapy, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sien Ng
- Medicine Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Geriatric Education and Research Institute, Singapore.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Singapore General Hospital and Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
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28
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Predicting the handgrip strength across the age span: Cross-validating reference equations from the 2011 NIH toolbox norming study. J Hand Ther 2022; 35:131-141. [PMID: 33563510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional observational study. BACKGROUND Reference equations for describing hand-grip strength across the age span were derived from the 2011 NIH Toolbox norming study. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to cross-validate reference equations by evaluating its predicting power on a separate, independent data set from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study METHODS: Observed hand-grip strength data from 13,676 noninstitutionalized participants were obtained from the NHANES study. Best values (best from 3 trials) and the mean values (averaged from 3 trials) were determined for each hand. Using the age (yr), height (m), and weight (kg), we computed predicted grip strength values for dominant and nondominant hands using the reference equations. For validation, three predictability measures: the correlation coefficient, residuals, and accuracy, were used along with the Bland-Altman plot. RESULTS The predicted values highly correlated with observed values (r = 0.90, ICC = 0.89). In predicting best values, means (SD) of residuals were 1.41 (5.57) and 1.03 (5.44) kg for dominant and nondominant hands, respectively. In predicting mean values, means (SD) of residuals were -0.23 (5.42) and -0.54 (5.31) kg for dominant and nondominant hands, respectively. Root mean square error ranged from 4.10 (female's nondominant mean values) to 6.74 (male's dominant best values). About 5.56% fell outside of the 95% confidence interval of the prediction. CONCLUSIONS We acknowledged that the two studies' hand-grip protocols (NIH Toolbox, NHANES) were different. Results provided the preliminary predicting performance of the reference equations derived from the NIH Toolbox study.
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Seino S, Kitamura A, Abe T, Taniguchi Y, Murayama H, Amano H, Nishi M, Nofuji Y, Yokoyama Y, Narita M, Shinkai S, Fujiwara Y. Dose-response relationships of sarcopenia parameters with incident disability and mortality in older Japanese adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:932-944. [PMID: 35212170 PMCID: PMC8977959 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia-related parameters may have differential impacts on health-related outcomes in older adults. We examined dose-response relationships of body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance with incident disability and mortality. METHODS This prospective study included 1765 Japanese residents (862 men; 903 women) aged ≥65 years who participated in health check-ups. Outcomes were incident disability and all-cause mortality. Fat mass index (FMI) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), determined using segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength (HGS), and usual gait speed (UGS) were measured. We determined multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for disability and mortality relative to sex-specific reference values (FMI: medians; SMI: 7.0 kg/m2 for men and 5.7 kg/m2 for women; HGS: 28 kg for men and 18 kg for women; or UGS: 1.0 m/s for both sexes). Association shapes were examined using restricted cubic splines or fractional polynomial functions. RESULTS The median follow-up was 5.3 years; 107 (12.7%) men and 123 (14.2%) women developed disability, and 101 (11.7%) men and 56 (6.2%) women died. FMI did not impact any outcome in men and disability in women, while an FMI ≤ 7.3 kg/m2 (median) was significantly associated with higher mortality risk in women, compared with median FMI. SMI did not impact disability in either sex and mortality in women, but showed a significant inverse dose-response relationship with mortality risk in men [HRs (95% confidence intervals) of minimum and maximum values compared with the reference value: 2.18 (1.07-4.46) and 0.43 (0.20-0.93), respectively], independent of HGS and UGS. HGS and UGS showed a significant inverse dose-response relationship with disability in both sexes [HGS: 1.71 (1.00-2.91) and 0.31 (0.09-0.99), respectively, in men, 2.42 (1.18-4.96) and 0.41 (0.20-0.85), respectively, in women; UGS: 2.14 (1.23-3.74) and 0.23 (0.08-0.67), respectively, in men, 3.26 (2.07-5.14) and 0.11 (0.05-0.26), respectively, in women] and mortality in women [HGS: 6.84 (2.84-16.47) and 0.06 (0.02-0.21), respectively; UGS: 2.67 (1.14-6.27) and 0.30 (0.11-0.85), respectively], independent of body composition, but did not impact mortality in men. CONCLUSIONS Disability risk was more dependent on muscle strength and physical performance in both sexes. Mortality risk in men was more dependent on muscle mass, and mortality risk in women was influenced by lower fat mass along with muscle strength and physical performance. Although improving muscle strength and physical performance should be the first target for health promotion, it is also necessary to pay attention to body composition to extend life expectancy in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Seino
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Health Town Development Science Center, Yao City Health Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Abe
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Integrated Research Initiative for Living Well with Dementia, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Taniguchi
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murayama
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Amano
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Nishi
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Nofuji
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Yokoyama
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Narita
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Shinkai
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim M, Oh JH, Won CW. Sex-Specific Differences in Lower Body Fat Distribution and Association with Physical Performance among Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074201. [PMID: 35409882 PMCID: PMC8998698 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to examine sex-specific differences in body composition and lower extremity fat distribution and their association with physical performance among healthy older adults. The pilot study comprises 40 subjects (20 men and 20 women) matched by age and body mass index. The participants undergo dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance imaging, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to assess body composition and lower extremity fat distribution. 1H-MRS is used to measure the extramyocellular lipid (EMCL) and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) contents of the lower leg muscles (soleus and tibialis anterior) at the maximum circumference of the calf after overnight fasting. The tibialis anterior IMCL, as assessed by 1H-MRS, is negatively associated with the five-times sit-to-stand test scores (rs = 0.518, p = 0.023) in men, while the soleus IMCL content is negatively associated with the timed up-and-go test scores (rs = 0.472, p = 0.048) in women. However, the soleus EMCL content is positively associated with the five-times sit-to-stand test scores (rs = −0.488, p = 0.040) in women, but this association is not statistically significant in men. This study shows an inverse correlation between IMCL content and physical performance in healthy older individuals and lower leg muscle-specific IMCL based on sex differences. Furthermore, our results suggest that greater EMCL content in the soleus and calf subcutaneous fat might affect physical performance positively in women but not men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (C.W.W.); Tel.: +82-2-958-2840 (M.K.); +82-2-958-8700 (C.W.W.)
| | - Jang-Hoon Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (C.W.W.); Tel.: +82-2-958-2840 (M.K.); +82-2-958-8700 (C.W.W.)
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Espinoza-Araneda J, Bravo-Carrasco V, Álvarez C, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Muñoz-Mendoza CL, Muñoz J, Caparrós-Manosalva C. Postural Balance and Gait Parameters of Independent Older Adults: A Sex Difference Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074064. [PMID: 35409748 PMCID: PMC8997908 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Postural balance and gait are important factors in the functional status of older people; however, few studies have addressed differences by sex. The objective of this study was to analyze the postural balance and temporal−spatial parameters of gait in independent older adults by sex. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Thirty-eight independent older women (69 ± 5 years), and 33 men (71 ± 5 years) were evaluated. The postural balance test with open and closed eyes was performed on two surfaces (hard/soft) on a force platform. Gait was recorded with cameras to analyze cycle duration and speed, step length, stride length, and foot clearance. The area of postural balance was greater in men in all tests (p < 0.001). Foot clearance height and cycle duration were lower in women (p < 0.05). Men showed a negative correlation between the area of balance and gait parameters. In women, a positive correlation was observed between foot clearance and balance with eyes closed. The postural balance and gait suggest discrepancies by sex, showing that older men behave differently according to the requirement of the motor task compared to women. These findings suggest being corroborated in more complex studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Espinoza-Araneda
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Curico 3340000, Chile; (C.Á.); (G.N.M.-N.); (C.L.M.-M.)
| | | | - Cristian Álvarez
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Curico 3340000, Chile; (C.Á.); (G.N.M.-N.); (C.L.M.-M.)
- Department of Health, University of Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Curico 3340000, Chile; (C.Á.); (G.N.M.-N.); (C.L.M.-M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Carmen Luz Muñoz-Mendoza
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Curico 3340000, Chile; (C.Á.); (G.N.M.-N.); (C.L.M.-M.)
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health and Food Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
| | - Javier Muñoz
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Talca, Curico 3340000, Chile; (V.B.-C.); (J.M.)
| | - Cristian Caparrós-Manosalva
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Curico 3340000, Chile; (C.Á.); (G.N.M.-N.); (C.L.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-712201746
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Iwakura M, Wakasa M, Saito A, Kimoto M, Terui Y, Ishikawa T, Tsugaruya M. Lower-Limb Muscle Strength and Major Performance Tests in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02703181.2022.2043982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Iwakura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Akita City Hospital, Akita City, Akita, Japan
| | - Masahiko Wakasa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita City, Akita, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita City, Akita, Japan
| | - Minoru Kimoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita City, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshino Terui
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita City, Akita, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan
| | - Megumi Tsugaruya
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan
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Reference Ranges for Gait Speed and Sit-to-Stand Performance in a Cohort of Mobility-Intact Community-Dwelling Older Adults From Singapore. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2022; 23:1579-1584.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Huisingh-Scheetz M, Buta B, Bandeen-Roche K, Huang ES, Varadhan R, Walston J, Wroblewski K, Schumm LP, Waite LJ. 2015-2016 Normative Data for the 3-m Usual Walk, Five Repeated Chair Stands, and Static Balance Components of the SPPB Among U.S. Older Adults Across Two Nationally Representative Data Sets: NSHAP and NHATS. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:S299-S312. [PMID: 34918153 PMCID: PMC8678433 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our primary objective was to examine the distribution of 3-m usual walk, five repeated chair stands, and three static balance stance performances among age and gender subgroups of adults at least 65 years in two national data sets. We secondarily determined whether demographic-function associations varied across data sets, birth cohorts, or models incorporating data from those "unable to do" tasks. METHODS Two nationally representative data sets were used to generate survey weight-adjusted performance distributions: the 2015-2016 National Social Life Health and Aging Project and the 2016 National Health and Aging Trends Study. We then regressed walk and chair stand performance on age, gender, and race/ethnicity, examining differences across data sets, birth cohorts (1920-1947, 1948-1965), and before/after incorporating the "unable to do" performers. RESULTS Findings confirmed the gradual decline in function with age and allowed estimation of "relative" performance within age/gender subgroups. Data set distribution differences were noted, possibly due to recruitment, eligibility, and protocol variations. Demographic associations were similar across data sets but generally weaker among the 1948-1965 cohort and in models including the sizable "unable to do" group. DISCUSSION We present the largest, most current Short Physical Performance Battery reference data in U.S. adults aged 65 or older. Findings support standardization of administration protocols in research and clinical care and differentiating absolute from relative performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Huisingh-Scheetz
- Section of Geriatrics and Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Buta
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Bandeen-Roche
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elbert S Huang
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ravi Varadhan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristen Wroblewski
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - L Philip Schumm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Linda J Waite
- Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
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35
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Normative Static Grip Strength of Saudi Arabia's Population and Influences of Numerous Factors on Grip Strength. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121647. [PMID: 34946373 PMCID: PMC8701140 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most daily tasks require exerting static grip strength which can be challenging for the elderly as their strength diminishes with age. Moreover, normative static grip strength data are important in ergonomics and clinical settings. The goal of this study is to present the gender, age-specific, hand-specific, and body-mass-index-specific handgrip strength reference of Saudi males and females in order to describe the population's occupational demand and to compare them with the international standards. The secondary objective is to investigate the effects of gender, age group, hand area, and body mass index on the grip strength. A sample of 297 (146 male and 151 female) volunteers aged between 18 and 70 with different occupations participated in the study. Grip strength data were collected using a Jamar dynamometer with standard test position, protocol, and instructions. The mean maximum voluntary grip strength values for males were 38.71 kg and 22.01 kg, respectively. There was a curvilinear relationship of grip strength to age; significant differences between genders, hand area, and some age groups; and a correlation to hand dimensions depending on the gender.
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The Relationship between Leg Extension Angle at Late Stance and Knee Flexion Angle at Swing Phase during Gait in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211925. [PMID: 34831678 PMCID: PMC8625228 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the relationship between leg extension angle and knee flexion angle during gait in older adults. The subjects of this cross-sectional study were 588 community-dwelling older adults (74.6 ± 6.1 y). Segment angles and acceleration were measured using five inertial measurement units during comfortable gait, and bilateral knee and hip joint angles, and leg extension angle, reflecting whole lower limb extension at late stance, were calculated. Propulsion force was estimated using the increase in velocity calculated from anterior acceleration of the sacrum during late stance. Correlation analysis showed that leg extension angle was associated with knee flexion angle at swing phase and hip extension angle and increase in velocity at late stance (r = 0.444–508, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that knee flexion angle at mid-swing was more affected by leg extension angle (β = 0.296, p < 0.001) than by gait speed (β = 0.219, p < 0.001) and maximum hip extension angle (β = −0.150, p < 0.001). These findings indicate that leg extension angle may be a meaningful parameter for improving gait function in older adults due to the association with knee kinematics during swing as well as propulsion force at late stance.
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Iwasaki M, Hirano H, Motokawa K, Shirobe M, Edahiro A, Ohara Y, Kawai H, Kojima M, Obuchi S, Murayama H, Fujiwara Y, Ihara K, Shinkai S, Kitamura A. Interrelationships among whole-body skeletal muscle mass, masseter muscle mass, oral function, and dentition status in older Japanese adults. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:582. [PMID: 34670508 PMCID: PMC8529791 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) may modulate or otherwise affect the loss of masseter muscle mass and be responsible for low masseter muscle performance and strength (i.e., low oral function). Moreover, dentition status can affect oral function independent of the muscle state. This cross-sectional study aimed to simultaneously investigate the relationships among whole-body SMM, masseter muscle mass, oral function (masseter muscle performance and strength), and dentition status in 1349 Japanese adults (mean age = 73.6 years). Methods We determined the estimated masseter muscle mass (e-MMM) based on morphological measurements of the masseter muscle. Masseter muscle performance was assessed via masticatory performance evaluation scores using gum, and strength was assessed as the maximal occlusal force. Dentition status was assessed as the number of functional teeth. SMM was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Structural equation modeling stratified by sex was employed to investigate associations among SMM, e-MMM, gum score, occlusal force, and number of functional teeth. Results The direct path from SMM to e-MMM was statistically significant, as was the direct path from e-MMM to oral function (gum score and maximum occlusal force) for both sexes. We additionally confirmed that SMM indirectly affected gum score and maximum occlusal force via e-MMM (men; standardized coefficient [95% CI] = 3.64 [1.31 to 5.96] for maximum occlusal force and 0.01 [0.01 to 0.02] for gum score, women; 2.01 [0.38 to 3.81] for maximum occlusal force and 0.01 [0.002 to 0.01] for gum score). The number of functional teeth had direct effects on e-MMM, gum score, and maximum occlusal force. Conclusions Low SMM was significantly indirectly associated with poor oral function through a low masseter muscle mass, and dentition status was independently associated with oral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Iwasaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Keiko Motokawa
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Maki Shirobe
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Ayako Edahiro
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Motonaga Kojima
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Tokyo Health Sciences, 4-11, Ochiai, Tama City, Tokyo, 206-0033, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murayama
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shoji Shinkai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.,School of Nutritional Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda Sakado, Saitama, 350-0288, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
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Ebihara B, Mutsuzaki H, Fukaya T, Iwai K. Interpretation of causal relationship between quadriceps tendon Young's modulus and gait speed by structural equation modeling in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021; 29:23094990211034003. [PMID: 34355609 DOI: 10.1177/23094990211034003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the causal relationship between quadriceps tendon stiffness and gait speed in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis (OA) using structural equation modeling. METHODS Participants were 36 patients with knee OA (median age, 75.0 [interquartile range, 67.3-76.0] years; Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 or 4). We measured quadriceps tendon stiffness using Young's modulus by ShearWave Elastography. Gait speed and kinematics parameters were measured using a motion analysis system. Additional data collected for each patient included age, sex, height, body weight, body mass index, femorotibial angle, knee range of motion, knee extension torque, and pain. We performed structural equation modeling for interpretation of the causal relationship. RESULTS The comparative fit index of the structural equation modeling was 0.990. Quadriceps tendon Young's modulus was a predictor of maximum knee flexion angle during the swing phase (standardized partial regression coefficients [β] = -0.67, P < 0.001). Maximum knee flexion angle during the swing phase was a predictor of cadence and step length (β values 0.35 and 0.55, P = 0.035 and <0.001, respectively). Cadence and step length were predictors of gait speed (β values 0.50 and 0.63, P < 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results showed a causal relationship between quadriceps tendon stiffness and gait speed in patients with severe knee OA. Quadriceps tendon Young's modulus can affect gait speed through the maximum knee flexion angle during the swing phase, cadence, and step length. Adding therapeutic intervention to decrease the quadriceps tendon Young's modulus may lead to increased gait speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bungo Ebihara
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Mutsuzaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Fukaya
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwai
- Center for Humanities and Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
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Ishikawa J, Seino S, Kitamura A, Toba A, Toyoshima K, Tamura Y, Watanabe Y, Fujiwara Y, Inagaki H, Awata S, Shinkai S, Araki A, Harada K. The relationship between blood pressure and cognitive function. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND PREVENTION 2021; 10:200104. [PMID: 35112116 PMCID: PMC8790103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2021.200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Although an elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) is associated with cognitive dysfunction, BP may decrease with advanced cognitive dysfunction; therefore, we attempted to identify the turning point in the relationship between cognitive function and SBP in elderly subjects. Methods In pooled datasets of general populations and outpatient clinics (age>65 years), in which the risk of frailty or cognitive dysfunction was assessed (N = 4076), the relationship between SBP and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was examined. Results Mean age was 72.5 ± 6.2 years (male 45.1%), and SBP was 133.0 ± 19.5 mmHg. In an analysis of locally weighted scatter plot smoothing, the relationship between SBP and MMSE scores changed at an MMSE score of 24 points. In subjects with preserved cognitive function (MMSE ≥24 points), MMSE scores decreased with increases in SBP (B = −0.047 per 10 mmHg increase, P = 0.002) after adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, alcohol habit, smoking status, diabetes, a history of stroke, and the geriatric nutritional index; however, in subjects with reduced cognitive function (MMSE<24 points), decreases in the MMSE score were associated with reductions in SBP (B = 1.178 per 1 point decrease in the MMSE score, P = 0.002). Conclusion The relationship between SBP and cognitive function changed at a MMSE score of approximately 24 points (mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction). In patients with preserved MMSE, higher BP values were associated with a reduction of cognitive function, but this was not a case for those with impaired MMSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Ishikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Seino
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Toba
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyoshima
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tamura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Watanabe
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inagaki
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Awata
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Araki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Harada
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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Ozawa T, Yamashita M, Seino S, Kamiya K, Kagiyama N, Konishi M, Saito H, Saito K, Ogasahara Y, Maekawa E, Kitai T, Iwata K, Jujo K, Wada H, Kasai T, Momomura SI, Hamazaki N, Nozaki K, Kim H, Obuchi S, Kawai H, Kitamura A, Shinkai S, Matsue Y. Standardized gait speed ratio in elderly patients with heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:3557-3565. [PMID: 34245132 PMCID: PMC8497355 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Although aging is strongly associated with both heart failure and a decline in gait speed, a definition of slowness incorporating an age‐related decline has yet to be developed. We aimed to define an event‐driven cut‐off for the relative decline in gait speed against age‐adjusted reference values derived from the general population and evaluate its prognostic implications. Methods and results Standardized gait speed (SGS) was defined as the median gait speed stratified by age, sex, and height in 3777 elderly (age ≥ 65 years) individuals without a history of cardiovascular diseases (Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology‐Longitudinal Interdisciplinary Study on Aging: general population cohort). The mortality event‐driven optimal cut‐off of the SGS ratio (actual gait speed divided by the respective SGS) was defined using FRAGILE‐HF cohort data and externally validated using Kitasato cohort data, comprising 1301 and 1247 hospitalized elderly patients with heart failure, respectively. Using FRAGILE‐HF data, the optimal SGS ratio cut‐off was determined as 0.527. In the Kitasato cohort, SGS ratio < 0.527 was associated with a higher 1 year [hazard ratio (HR): 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–2.72, P = 0.024] and long‐term (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.05–2.02, P = 0.024) mortality rate, independent of pre‐existing covariates. Conclusions Gait speed was significantly declined in patients with heart failure, even after taking age and sex‐related decline into account. A SGS ratio of 0.527 is a validated cut‐off for slowness independently associated with mortality in patients with heart failure age ≥65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ozawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Odawara Municipal Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamashita
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Satoshi Seino
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kamiya
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kagiyama
- Department of Cardiology, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Digital Health and Telemedicine R&D, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Konishi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogasahara
- Department of Nursing, The Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Emi Maekawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kentaro Iwata
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kentaro Jujo
- Department of Cardiology, Nishiarai Heart Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | | | - Nobuaki Hamazaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kohei Nozaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hunkyung Kim
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shoji Shinkai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Matsue
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Yu WY, Hwang HF, Chen CY, Lin MR. Situational risk factors for fall-related vertebral fractures in older men and women. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1061-1070. [PMID: 33415375 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Situational factors might help explain why most vertebral fractures occur in older people without a previous osteoporosis diagnosis. After adjusting for predisposing risk factors, the activity before the fall, type of fall, and falling direction remained as strong determinants of fall-related vertebral fractures in older men and women. INTRODUCTION A matched case-control study was conducted to investigate the effects of situational factors, in addition to predisposing factors, on clinical vertebral fractures in older men and women in Taiwan. METHODS Cases were community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 65 years who visited emergency departments (EDs) of two university-affiliated hospitals due to a fall and had a primary diagnosis of a vertebral fracture during a 1-year period in 2017. Five control patients per case, matched by the time of falling, gender, and age, who sought care in the same ED due to a fall resulting in a soft tissue injury were selected. A total of 64 men (age range: 65 ~ 99 years) and 194 women (age range: 65 ~ 100 years), diagnosed with a vertebral fracture, participated in the study. RESULTS Multivariable logistic models were conducted separately for men and women. Results suggested that the following factors were significantly associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures in men: a low educational level (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02 ~ 3.71), asthma (OR = 2.96; 95% CI, 1.35 ~ 6.92), depression (OR = 4.31; 95% CI, 1.03 ~ 17.5), toileting (OR = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.04 ~ 4.94), slipping (OR = 5.27; 95% CI, 1.80 ~ 15.4), stepping down (OR = 3.99; 95% CI, 1.40 ~ 11.4), sudden leg weakness (OR = 3.73; 95% CI, 1.13 ~ 12.4), and falling backwards (OR = 3.78; 95% CI, 1.83 ~ 7.80); and in women: a fracture history (OR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.07 ~ 3.76), osteoporosis (OR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.15 ~ 3.49), getting in/out of the bed/chair (OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.07 ~ 3.39), stepping down (OR = 2.10; 95% CI, 1.17 ~ 3.77), and falling backwards (OR = 4.00; 95% CI, 2.39 ~ 6.68) and sideways (OR = 2.61; 95% CI, 1.38 ~ 4.96). CONCLUSIONS The combination of predisposing and situational risk factors may display a more comprehensive risk profile for the occurrence of VFs, and thus, interventions that add both types of risk factors may result in greater risk reduction of VFs, although those specifically targeted at situational risk factors during falls are limited and their effectiveness and efficiency remained to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Y Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - H-F Hwang
- Department of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - C-Y Chen
- Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - M-R Lin
- Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Ito H, Ichihara K, Tamari K, Amano T, Tanaka S, Uchida S, Morikawa S. Determination of reference intervals for knee motor functions specific to patients undergoing knee arthroplasty. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249564. [PMID: 33852606 PMCID: PMC8046200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) undergoing knee arthroplasty (KA), lower-limb motor function tests are commonly measured during peri-surgical rehabilitation. To clarify their sources of variation and determine reference intervals (RIs), a multicenter study was performed in Japan. Methods We enrolled 545 KOA patients (127 men; 418 women; mean age 74.2 years) who underwent KA and followed a normal recovery course. The surgical modes included total KA (TKA), minimally invasive TKA (MIS-TKA), and unicompartmental KA (UKA). Motor functions measured twice before and two weeks after surgery included timed up-and-go (TUG), maximum walking speed (MWS), extensor and flexor muscle strength (MS), and knee range of motion (ROM). Multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate their sources of variation including sex, age, BMI, and surgical mode. Magnitude of between-subgroup differences was expressed as SD ratio (SDR) based on 3-level nested ANOVA. SDR≥0.4 was set as the threshold for requiring RIs specific for each subgroup. Results Before surgery, age-related changes exceeding the threshold were observed for TUG and MWS. Between-sex difference was noted for extensor and flexor MS, but extension and flexion ROMs were not influenced by sex or age. After surgery, in addition to similar influences of sex and age on test results, surgical modes of UKA and MIS-TKA generally had a favorable influence on MWS, extensor MS, and flexion ROM. All motor function test results showed a variable degree of skewness in distribution, and thus RIs were basically derived by the parametric method after Gaussian transformation of test results. Conclusions This is the first study to determine RIs for knee motor functions specific to KOA patients after careful consideration of their sources of variation and distribution shapes. These RIs facilitate objective implementation of peri-surgical rehabilitation and allow detection of patients who deviate from the normal course of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Ito
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Wakayama Health Care Sciences, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ichihara
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kotaro Tamari
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Amano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Tokoha University, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Tanaka
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Uchida
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinya Morikawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hoshasen Daiichi Hospital, Imabari, Japan
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Ito H, Ichihara K, Tamari K, Amano T, Tanaka S, Uchida S. Factors characterizing gait performance of patients before and soon after knee arthroplasty. J Phys Ther Sci 2021; 33:274-282. [PMID: 33814716 PMCID: PMC8012181 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.33.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] For monitoring patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing knee arthroplasty,
the Timed Up and Go and maximum walking speed tests are commonly used. To provide
appropriate peri-surgical rehabilitation, we evaluated the factors associated with
postsurgical changes in Timed Up and Go and maximum walking speed results. [Participants
and Methods] We enrolled 545 knee osteoarthritis patients undergoing either of the
following knee arthroplasties: conventional total knee arthroplasty, minimally invasive
total knee arthroplasty, and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Comfortable Timed Up and
Go, maximum Timed Up and Go, and maximum walking speed were measured 2 weeks before and
soon after surgery. Factors (gender, age, and surgical mode) that might influence changes
in test results were evaluated by multiple regression analysis and a two-factor
stratification diagram. [Results] Multiple regression analysis revealed that postsurgical
changes in comfortable/maximum Timed Up and Go and maximum walking speed results were
associated with age and surgical mode after adjustment for preoperative values. Two-factor
diagrams showed that the older the patient, the greater was the slowdown in the Timed Up
and Go test performed postoperatively. The levels of slowdown in the postoperative Timed
Up and Go and maximum walking speed tests were the smallest in those who underwent
conventional total knee arthroplasty, followed by those who underwent minimally invasive
and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Among patients whose preoperative Timed Up and Go
and maximum walking speed were slow, slowdown in Timed Up and Go was pronounced with age,
and slowdown in maximum walking speed was higher in conventional total knee arthroplasty.
[Conclusion] The changes in Timed Up and Go and maximum walking speed results 2 weeks
after knee arthroplasty depended on age and surgical modes. These findings are relevant
for the implementation of appropriate peri-surgical rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Ito
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Wakayama Health Care Sciences, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care: 2252 Nakanoshima, Wakayama, Wakayama 640-8392, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ichihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tamari
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Amano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Tokoha University, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Tanaka
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Uchida
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Japan
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Kasović M, Štefan L, Štefan A. Normative Data for Gait Speed and Height Norm Speed in ≥ 60-Year-Old Men and Women. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:225-230. [PMID: 33568903 PMCID: PMC7869711 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s290071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine normative data for gait speed and height-normalized gait speed in community-dwelling older men and women. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 565 men and women aged ≥60 years old. Age was calculated from the date of birth and further classified into four categories: (1) 60-65 years, (2) 66-70 years, (3) 71-75 years and (4) ≥76 years. Gait speed was assessed by a pressure platform (ZEBRIS, Munich, Germany) in meters per second (m/s). Height and weight were objectively measured. Height-normalized gait speed was calculated by dividing gait speed by height. We created the 20th, 40th, 60th and 80th percentile curves for both outcome measures using Cole's Lambda (L), Mu (M) and Sigma (S) method. Results Mean gait speed and height-normalized gait speed was 1.24 (standard deviation 0.28) and 0.75 (0.17). Significant age-related decline in gait speed for both sexes was observed (p < 0.001). Being a woman (β = - 0.09, p < 0.001), being older (β = - 0.02, p < 0.001) and having higher body mass index values (β = - 0.02, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with slower gait speed. Conclusion Gait speed significantly declines with age in both older men and women. Providing normative data can be used in screening and monitoring "slow" walkers to prevent from foot pain and higher risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kasović
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.,Faculty of Sports Studies, Department of Sport Motorics and Methodology in Kinanthropology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Lovro Štefan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Andro Štefan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
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Yokoyama Y, Kitamura A, Seino S, Kim H, Obuchi S, Kawai H, Hirano H, Watanabe Y, Motokawa K, Narita M, Shinkai S. Association of nutrient-derived dietary patterns with sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling older Japanese: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J 2021; 20:7. [PMID: 33461556 PMCID: PMC7814431 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet is a modifiable factor affecting sarcopenia, and accumulating evidence links dietary factors to muscle mass, strength, and function in older adults. However, few studies have examined the association of dietary patterns with sarcopenia. This study examined the association of dietary patterns derived by reduced-rank regression (RRR) with sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling older Japanese. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1606 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated, self-administered diet history questionnaire. Nutrient-derived dietary patterns were identified by using RRR, with sarcopenia-related nutrients (protein, vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, folate, vitamin K, magnesium, iron, and calcium intakes) as response variables. Sarcopenia was defined by using the algorithm of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. Multivariate regression and logistic regression were used to examine the association of dietary patterns with sarcopenia and its components. Results The first RRR dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of fish, soybean products, potatoes, most vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, and fruit and a low intake of rice and was associated with decreased prevalence of sarcopenia: the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of sarcopenia was 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.94; p for trend=0.022) in the highest versus the lowest tertile of dietary pattern. This dietary pattern was also significantly positively associated with usual gait speed (β: 0.02, p=0.024). Conclusions A dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of fish, soybean products, potatoes, most vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, and fruits and low rice intake was inversely associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Japanese. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-021-00665-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yokoyama
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Satoshi Seino
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hunkyung Kim
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yutaka Watanabe
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.,Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi-7, Kita-13, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Keiko Motokawa
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Miki Narita
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shoji Shinkai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
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Toyama T, Hashimoto Y, Kawai H, Azuma K, Shiraya T, Araki F, Sugimoto K, Watanabe Y, Hirano H, Fujiwara Y, Ihara K, Kim H, Kato S, Numaga J, Obuchi S, Ueta T. Continued smoking and posterior vitreous adhesion in the elderly evaluated on swept-source optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18460. [PMID: 33116238 PMCID: PMC7595182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study including 1150 eyes of 681 volunteers ≧ 65 years old without retinal pathology, factors affecting the progression of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) were investigated.
PVD stages were diagnosed based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Linear mixed effect model was used to determine whether age, gender, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), dyslipidemia (DL), and smoking status were associated with various stages of PVD. As a result, the multivariable analysis disclosed that the associations between older age and higher PVD stages (estimate [95% CI], 0.031 [0.020 to 0.042]; P < 0.0001), and current smokers and lower PVD stages (estimate [95% CI], − 0.24 [− 0.43 to − 0.056]; P = 0.011) were statistically significant. In contrast, female gender was not an independent factor affecting PVD stages in the elderly. Our analysis indicated that higher PVD stages observed in female eyes may be due to confounding effect, in which current smokers were predominantly males (i.e., 12.6% among males vs. 3.9% among females, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, our findings suggest that continuous smoking is associated with an adherent vitreoretinal interface in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Toyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Hashimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Azuma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Shiraya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Araki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Sugimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Watanabe
- Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hunkyung Kim
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Numaga
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
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Lau LK, Wee SL, Pang WJB, Chen KK, Abdul Jabbar K, Yap PLK, Mallya JU, Ng DHM, Tan QLL, Seah WT, Ng TP. Reference Values of Gait Speed and Gait Spatiotemporal Parameters for a South East Asian Population: The Yishun Study. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:1753-1765. [PMID: 33061327 PMCID: PMC7522423 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s270407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related slowing of gait has been reported to start as early as the fifth decade and accelerate beyond the seventh decade of life. A single cut-off for slow gait may not be appropriate for men and women of different ages. We aimed to report reference values for gait speed and spatiotemporal gait parameters of adult age groups in a South East Asian population. Methods A total of 507 community-dwelling adults, aged 21-90 years were recruited into the study through random sampling, filling quotas of 20-40 participants in each sex and age group (10-year age groups between 21 and 60 years; 5-year age groups beyond age 60 years). Demographic data, height, weight and information on comorbidities were recorded. Habitual gait speed and spatiotemporal parameters were measured, and the average of three trials was recorded using the GAITRite system. Results Gait speed peaked in their 40s for both men and women, but the trajectories differed slightly across age groups. Although similar for men in their 50s and 60s, gait speed was significantly slower among those aged 71 years and older. For women beyond 50 years old, gait slowed with age. After adjusting for height, women were found to walk significantly faster and with a longer step length than men. Women also walked with a significantly narrower stride width and less external rotation of the feet. The lowest quintile for gait speed in our study cohort was 0.9m/s, below the recommended cut-off of 1.0m/s. Conclusion We established the reference values as well as the quintiles for gait speed and spatiotemporal gait parameters across adult age groups in a multi-ethnic Asian population. This contributes to a valuable database for gait assessment and evaluation of preventive or rehabilitative programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Khoon Lau
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI), Singapore
| | - Shiou Liang Wee
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI), Singapore.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Philip Lin Kiat Yap
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI), Singapore.,Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jagadish Ullal Mallya
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI), Singapore.,Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Wei Ting Seah
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI), Singapore
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute (GERI), Singapore.,Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Ishii Y, Noguchi H, Sato J, Ishii H, Ishii R, Toyabe SI. Association of knee osteoarthritis grade with one-leg standing balance and quadriceps strength in male independent ambulators aged ≥80 years. J Orthop 2020; 21:79-83. [PMID: 32255985 PMCID: PMC7113604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-leg standing (OLS) balance is an important predictor of falls in people of advanced age. In this population, muscle weakness and knee osteoarthritis also contribute to falls and resultant fractures and thereby affect mortality rates. The Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) classification is widely used in the radiographic evaluation of knee osteoarthritis. This study was performed to evaluate OLS balance and the quadriceps strength (QS) for each KL grade and to clarify the impact of the knee osteoarthritis grade on OLS balance and QS. HYPOTHESIS OLS balance shows results compatible with those of previous reports when independent walking is possible because of maintenance of QS regardless of the OA grade. METHODS This single-center prospective cross-sectional study included data on 106 male orthopedic patients (106 knees) aged ≥80 years who could walk independently. OLS balance with eyes open was assessed using the patient's preferred leg. A handheld dynamometer was used to measure QS. The ratio of muscle strength to body weight (QS/BW ratio) was used to evaluate outcomes. Weight-bearing standing knee radiographs were evaluated using the KL classification. OLS balance and the QS/BW ratio were evaluated for each KL grade, and the correlations of the KL grade with OLS balance and the QS/BW ratio were assessed simultaneously. RESULTS For each KL grade, the number of participants (n), median OLS balance (seconds), and QS/BW ratio (N/kg) were as follows: grade I: 24, 12, and 4.9; grade II: 51, 14, and 5.2; grade III: 22, 14, and 4.9; and grade IV: 9, 26, and 5.7, respectively. There were no significant differences in either OLS balance or the QS/BW ratio among the four grades. CONCLUSIONS Participants exhibited good OLS balance and QS/BW ratio regardless of their KL grade. This study demonstrated an absence of correlations of the KL grade with OLS balance and the QS/BW ratio, as was previously reported for the KL grade and pain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Ishii
- Ishii Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama, 361-0037, Japan
| | - Hideo Noguchi
- Ishii Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama, 361-0037, Japan
| | - Junko Sato
- Ishii Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama, 361-0037, Japan
| | - Hana Ishii
- Kanazawa Medical University, School of Plastic Surgery, 1-1 Daigaku Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0253, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishii
- Sado General Hospital, 161 Chikusa Sado, Niigata, 952-1209, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Toyabe
- Niigata University Crisis Management Office, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1 Asahimachi Dori Niigata, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan
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Kim S, Jung HW, Won CW. What are the illnesses associated with frailty in community-dwelling older adults: the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:1004-1013. [PMID: 32264654 PMCID: PMC7373975 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Frailty is mainly due to an age-related decrease in the physiological reserves needed to maintain biological homeostasis, but it can also occur as a result of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify illnesses associated with frailty in Korean community-dwelling older adults. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that included 2,936 older adults aged between 70 and 84 years who had completed both interviews and physical function assessments for the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Current illnesses diagnosed by physicians were included in the analysis. The definition of frailty was derived from the Fried frailty phenotype. RESULTS The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), arthritis, osteoporosis, urinary incontinence, and lung disease (including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic bronchitis) was higher in the frail group (p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, alcohol, smoking, education, and presence of a spouse, the odds ratios for DM and urinary incontinence in frailty were 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 2.01; p = 0.01) and 1.88 (95% CI, 1.11 to 3.18; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION In Korean community-dwelling older adults, DM and urinary incontinence were associated with frailty after adjusting for various factors. In the future, the list of comorbid diseases that are appropriate for Korean population-specific frailty assessment should be inventoried.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Won Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Clustering of Domain-Specific Sedentary Behaviors and Their Association With Physical Function Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:709-714. [PMID: 32432441 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined the cluster of domain-specific sedentary behaviors (SBs) and their associations with physical function among community-dwelling older adults to identify the target groups that require intervention for SBs. METHODS A total of 314 older adults who participated in a population-based cross-sectional survey and an on-site functional assessment in Matsudo City in Chiba participated in this study. Participants were asked to report the daily average of 6 domain-specific SBs. To identify the cluster of domain-specific SBs, hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using the Ward method. Analysis of covariance adjusted for sociodemographic factors, exercise habit, chronic disease, and total SB time was performed to examine the associations between each cluster and physical functional status. RESULTS The average age of the participants was 74.5 (5.2) years. The 4 clusters identified were leisure cluster, low cluster, work and personal computer use cluster, and television viewing cluster. The analysis of covariance adjusted for covariates showed that grip strength (P = .01), maximum walking speed (P = .03), and 1-leg standing time (P = .03) were significantly poorer in the television viewing cluster than other clusters. CONCLUSIONS It has been concluded that the television viewing group identified as a high-risk group of physical functional decline; therefore, interventions targeting this group are needed to prevent physical functional decline.
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